A mononym is a name composed of only one word. An individual who is known and addressed by a mononym is a mononymous person .
172-534: Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll ( / ʃ ə ˈ k ɪər ə / shə- KEER -ə , Spanish: [ʃaˈkiɾa isaˈβel meβaˈɾak riˈpol] ; born 2 February 1977), known mononymously as Shakira , is a Colombian singer-songwriter. Born and raised in Barranquilla , she has been referred to as the " Queen of Latin Music " and has been praised for her musical versatility. She made her recording debut with Sony Music Colombia at
344-594: A Latinized version (where "u" become "v", and "j" becomes "i") of his family surname , "Arouet, l[e] j[eune]" ("Arouet, the young"); it reversed the syllables of the name of the town his father came from, Airvault; and it has implications of speed and daring through similarity to French expressions such as voltige , volte-face and volatile . "Arouet" would not have served the purpose, given that name's associations with " roué " and with an expression that meant "for thrashing". The 19th-century French author Marie-Henri Beyle (1783–1842) used many pen names , most famously
516-452: A haemorrhage on her right vocal cord in late October, at her last series of rehearsals, and that she thus needed to rest her voice for some time to recover; this forced the postponement of the tour's entire European itinerary to 2018. The Latin American dates were expected to be announced later, when the tour resumed. There were plans to bring the tour, when it did resume, to countries such as
688-418: A 20-article series entitled "The Middle Eastern Question", written by Sir Ignatius Valentine Chirol . During this series, Sir Ignatius expanded the definition of Middle East to include "those regions of Asia which extend to the borders of India or command the approaches to India." After the series ended in 1903, The Times removed quotation marks from subsequent uses of the term. Until World War II , it
860-611: A Horse ". Because the album was created for the English-language market, the rock, and Spanish dance-influenced album gained mild critical success, with some critics claiming that her English skills were too weak for her to write songs for it; Rolling Stone , for one, stated that "she sounds downright silly" or "Shakira's magic is lost in translation". A similar view was expressed by Elizabeth Mendez Berry in Vibe : "While her Spanish-language albums sparkled with elegant wordplay, this record
1032-539: A Spanish language-track in the top ten of the chart. The song reached number two on the Billboard Global 200 and Global Excl. US. A diss track aimed at Shakira's ex-partner, Spanish footballer Gerard Piqué , "Vol. 53" achieved record-breaking success on streaming services, and had a measurable cultural impact. On 24 February 2023, Karol G 's single ″ TQG ″ with Shakira was released. It became Shakira's sixth top-ten, second top-ten of 2023, and highest-debuting single in
1204-497: A coach on two seasons of the American singing competition television series The Voice (2013–2014), had a voice role in the animated film Zootopia (2016), and executive produced and judged the dance competition series Dancing with Myself (2022). Described as "one of the most influential and beloved artists of all time", Shakira has been credited with opening the doors of the international market for other Latin artists. With over 100 million certified records sold worldwide, she
1376-640: A combination of two personal names typically given by a Buddhist monk. There are no inherited family names; instead, Bhutanese differentiate themselves with nicknames or prefixes. In the Near East 's Arab world, the Syrian poet Ali Ahmad Said Esber (born 1930) at age 17 adopted the mononym pseudonym, Adunis , sometimes also spelled "Adonis". A perennial contender for the Nobel Prize in Literature, he has been described as
1548-681: A day of release in Latin America, the album earned certifications. In Venezuela, it earned a Platinum certification, in Colombia, a triple Platinum certification, while in Mexico demand exceeded shipments and the album was unavailable after only one day of release. Four other singles were also released from the album: " No ", " Día de Enero ", " La Pared ", and " Las de la Intuición ". Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 has since sold over four million copies worldwide. On 8 February 2006, Shakira won her second Grammy Award with
1720-637: A given name and a surname. Some companies get around this by entering the mononym as both the given name and the surname. Middle East The Middle East (term originally coined in English language) is a geopolitical region encompassing the Arabian Peninsula , the Levant , Turkey , Egypt , Iran , and Iraq . The term came into widespread usage by the United Kingdom and western European nations in
1892-758: A hot, arid climate, especially in the Arabian and Egyptian regions. Several major rivers provide irrigation to support agriculture in limited areas here, such as the Nile Delta in Egypt, the Tigris and Euphrates watersheds of Mesopotamia , and the basin of the Jordan River that spans most of the Levant. These regions are collectively known as the Fertile Crescent , and comprise
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#17328555786992064-647: A lifetime. In European and American histories, prominent Native Americans are usually mononymous, using a name that was frequently garbled and simplified in translation. For example, the Aztec emperor whose name was preserved in Nahuatl documents as Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin was called "Montezuma" in subsequent histories. In current histories he is often named Moctezuma II , using the European custom of assigning regnal numbers to hereditary heads of state. Some French authors have shown
2236-473: A local park to see orphans who lived there. The images stayed with her, and she said to herself: "One day I'm going to help these kids when I become a famous artist." Between the ages of ten and thirteen, Shakira was invited to various events in Barranquilla and gained some recognition in the area. It was at this approximate time that she met local theater producer Monica Ariza, who was impressed with her and as
2408-490: A mix of folk music and Latin rock. Her cross-over English album, Laundry Service and later albums were influenced by pop rock and pop Latino . "Laundry Service" is primarily a pop rock album, but also draws influences from a variety of musical genres. The singer credited this to her mixed ethnicity, saying: "I am a fusion. That's my persona. I'm a fusion between black and white, between pop and rock, between cultures – between my Lebanese father and my mother's Spanish blood,
2580-593: A number of countries and an Alanis Morissette -oriented persona which affected two of her next albums. These recordings spawned her third studio album, and her international debut album, titled Pies Descalzos . Recording for the album began in February 1995, after the success of her single "¿Dónde Estás Corazón?". The album, Pies Descalzos , was released in October 1995 in Latin American countries and in February 1996 in
2752-463: A preference for mononyms. In the 17th century, the dramatist and actor Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (1622–73) took the mononym stage name Molière. In the 18th century, François-Marie Arouet (1694–1778) adopted the mononym Voltaire , for both literary and personal use, in 1718 after his imprisonment in Paris' Bastille , to mark a break with his past. The new name combined several features. It was an anagram for
2924-531: A promotional single. On 17 September 2012, it was announced that Shakira and Usher would replace Christina Aguilera and CeeLo Green as coaches, for the fourth season of the U.S. TV show The Voice , alongside Adam Levine and Blake Shelton in March 2013. Shakira did not participate in the fifth season in September 2013 announcing that she would focus on her new album in the fall and would eventually return for
3096-685: A result tried to help her career. During a flight from Barranquilla to Bogotá , Ariza convinced Sony Music Colombia executive Ciro Vargas to hold an audition for Shakira in a hotel lobby. Vargas held Shakira in high regard and, returning to the Sony Music Colombia office, gave the cassette to a song and artist director. However, the director was not overly excited and thought Shakira was something of "a lost cause". Undaunted and still convinced that Shakira had talent, Vargas set up an audition in Bogotá. He arranged for Sony Music Colombia executives to arrive at
3268-729: A short time in Asia on 11 and 13 July, after which she went to North America. She started her time there on 3 August in Chicago and finished in San Francisco on 7 September. Her tour dates for Latin America started in Mexico City on 11 October. On the same month, Shakira was featured on a remix of Camilo and Pedro Capó 's single " Tutu ". The El Dorado World Tour finished in Bogotá , Colombia on 3 November, and on
3440-406: A single name. Alulim , first king of Sumer , is one of the earliest names known; Narmer , an ancient Egyptian pharaoh , is another. In addition, Biblical names like Adam , Eve , Moses , or Abraham , were typically mononymous, as were names in the surrounding cultures of the Fertile Crescent . Ancient Greek names like Heracles , Homer , Plato , Socrates , and Aristotle , also follow
3612-573: A single, "Perro Fiel" was already certified as gold in Spain for selling over 20,000 copies on 30 August 2017. In January 2018, Shakira won her third Grammy Award for Best Latin Pop Album for El Dorado , making her the only female Latin artist to do so. She then released " Trap ", the fourth single off the album and her second collaboration with Maluma. The El Dorado World Tour was announced on 27 June 2017, through Shakira's official Twitter account, and
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#17328555786993784-578: A strategically, economically, politically, culturally, and religiously sensitive area. The region is one of the regions where agriculture was independently discovered, and from the Middle East it was spread, during the Neolithic, to different regions of the world such as Europe, the Indus Valley and Eastern Africa. Prior to the formation of civilizations, advanced cultures formed all over the Middle East during
3956-738: A tradition of single names. In modern times, in countries that have long been part of the East Asian cultural sphere (Japan, the Koreas, Vietnam, and China), mononyms are rare. An exception pertains to the Emperor of Japan . Mononyms are common in Indonesia , especially in Javanese names . Single names still also occur in Tibet . Most Afghans also have no surname. In Bhutan , most people use either only one name or
4128-803: A vital role in the Middle East, and they represent 40.5% of Lebanon, where the Lebanese president , half of the cabinet, and half of the parliament follow one of the various Lebanese Christian rites. There are also important minority religions like the Baháʼí Faith , Yarsanism , Yazidism , Zoroastrianism , Mandaeism , Druze , and Shabakism , and in ancient times the region was home to Mesopotamian religions , Canaanite religions , Manichaeism , Mithraism and various monotheist gnostic sects. The six top languages, in terms of numbers of speakers, are Arabic , Persian , Turkish , Kurdish , Modern Hebrew and Greek . About 20 minority languages are also spoken in
4300-489: Is Aramaic and its dialects are spoken mainly by Assyrians and Mandaeans , with Western Aramaic still spoken in two villages near Damascus, Syria. There is also an Oasis Berber -speaking community in Egypt where the language is also known as Siwa . It is a non-Semitic Afro-Asiatic sister language. Persian is the second most spoken language. While it is primarily spoken in Iran and some border areas in neighbouring countries,
4472-469: Is evident on "Objection (Tango)", which also combines elements of rock and roll . The uptempo track features a guitar solo and a bridge in which Shakira delivers rap -like vocals. Mononym A mononym may be the person's only name, given to them at birth. This was routine in most ancient societies, and remains common in modern societies such as in Afghanistan , Bhutan , Indonesia (especially by
4644-622: Is inspired by oriental music and Indian music, which influenced many of her earlier works. She has also been influenced by her Arab heritage, which was a major inspiration for her breakthrough world hit " Ojos Así ". She told Portuguese TV, "Many of my movements belong to Arab culture ." She also cites her parents as having been major contributors to her musical style. She is also strongly influenced by Andean music and South American folk music , using her native instrumentation for her Latin dance-pop songs. Her earlier Spanish albums, including Pies Descalzos and Dónde Están los Ladrones? were
4816-529: Is more and more common in press texts translated from English sources, albeit having a distinct meaning). In the four Slavic languages, Russian Ближний Восток or Blizhniy Vostok , Bulgarian Близкия Изток , Polish Bliski Wschód or Croatian Bliski istok (terms meaning Near East are the only appropriate ones for the region. However, some European languages do have "Middle East" equivalents, such as French Moyen-Orient , Swedish Mellanöstern , Spanish Oriente Medio or Medio Oriente , Greek
4988-507: Is of Spanish and Lebanese descent. Her father William was born in New York City to a family from Lebanon . When he was five, his family moved to Colombia. Her mother's side has two Spanish surnames , Ripoll and Torrado , the former of which is Catalan and originates from four brothers who immigrated from Catalonia to coastal Colombia in the 19th century. She has also stated that she has distant Italian roots through an ancestor with
5160-556: Is one of the world's best-selling musicians . She is the best-selling female artist of all time in Colombia and Spain , best-selling female Latin artist of all time in the United States and worldwide, as of 2023, according to Billboard . Noted to be a "global phenom" whose impact has "reached every corner of the world", Shakira has been described as an "artistic link between the west and the east" for popularizing Middle Eastern sounds in
5332-629: Is present in areas in neighboring countries. It is a member of the Turkic languages , which have their origins in East Asia. Another Turkic language, Azerbaijani , is spoken by Azerbaijanis in Iran. The fourth-most widely spoken language, Kurdish , is spoken in the countries of Iran, Iraq, Syria and Turkey, Sorani Kurdish is the second official language in Iraq (instated after the 2005 constitution) after Arabic. Hebrew
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5504-487: Is rife with cliches, both musically and lyrically. [...] For Anglophone Latin lovers, Shakira's lyrics are best left to the imagination." Despite this fact, the album became the best-selling album of 2002, selling more than 13 million copies worldwide. and became the most successful album of her career to date. The album earned her the title of the biggest Latin female crossover artist in the world. Around this time, Shakira also released four songs for Pepsi for her promotion in
5676-429: Is the official language of Israel , with Arabic given a special status after the 2018 Basic law lowered its status from an official language prior to 2018. Hebrew is spoken and used by over 80% of Israel's population, the other 20% using Arabic. Modern Hebrew only began being spoken in the 20th century after being revived in the late 19th century by Elizer Ben-Yehuda (Elizer Perlman) and European Jewish settlers, with
5848-419: Is used by a source in a story. Mideast is also acceptable, but Middle East is preferred. European languages have adopted terms similar to Near East and Middle East . Since these are based on a relative description, the meanings depend on the country and are generally different from the English terms. In German the term Naher Osten (Near East) is still in common use (nowadays the term Mittlerer Osten
6020-569: Is Μέση Ανατολή ( Mesi Anatoli ), and Italian Medio Oriente . Perhaps because of the political influence of the United States and Europe, and the prominence of Western press, the Arabic equivalent of Middle East (Arabic: الشرق الأوسط ash-Sharq al-Awsaṭ ) has become standard usage in the mainstream Arabic press. It comprises the same meaning as the term "Middle East" in North American and Western European usage. The designation, Mashriq , also from
6192-501: The 2005 MTV Video Music Awards . The album was extremely well received. It debuted at number four on the Billboard 200 chart, selling 157,000 copies in its first week. It has since sold over two million copies in the U.S., earning an 11× Platinum (Latin field) certification from the RIAA. Due to its first-week sales, the album became the highest debut ever for a Spanish-language album. After only
6364-509: The 2011 Latin Grammy Awards ceremony, Sale el Sol was nominated for " Album of the Year " and " Best Female Pop Vocal Album ", winning the award in the latter category. Commercially the album was a success throughout Europe and Latin America, Sale el Sol peaked atop the charts of countries Belgium, Croatia, France, Mexico, Portugal, and Spain. In the United States, it debuted at number seven on
6536-734: The Arabian Peninsula ( Magan , Sheba , Ubar ). The Near East was first largely unified under the Neo Assyrian Empire , then the Achaemenid Empire followed later by the Macedonian Empire and after this to some degree by the Iranian empires (namely the Parthian and Sassanid Empires ), the Roman Empire and Byzantine Empire . The region served as the intellectual and economic center of
6708-518: The Central Powers , was defeated by the British Empire and their allies and partitioned into a number of separate nations, initially under British and French Mandates . Other defining events in this transformation included the establishment of Israel in 1948 and the eventual departure of European powers, notably Britain and France by the end of the 1960s. They were supplanted in some part by
6880-712: The Dixie Chicks for VH1 Divas Live Las Vegas . In August, she performed "Objection (Tango)" at the 2002 MTV Video Music Awards , and won the International Viewer's Choice Award with "Whenever, Wherever". She also won the Latin Grammy Award for the category of Best Short Form Music Video for the Spanish version of the video. In October, she won five MTV Video Music Awards Latin America for Best Female Artist, Best Pop Artist, Best Artist – North (Region), Video of
7052-457: The FIFA World Cup . Shakira starred as a voice actress in the 2016 animated movie Zootopia , voicing a character named Gazelle and singing a song titled " Try Everything ". She began work on her eleventh studio album at the beginning of 2016. In May 2016, she collaborated with Colombian singer Carlos Vives on the track " La Bicicleta ", which went to win the Latin Grammy Award for Record of
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7224-574: The Grammy Award for Best Latin Rock or Alternative Album . Shakira's first live album, MTV Unplugged , was recorded in New York City on 12 August 1999. Highly acclaimed by American critics, it is rated as one of her best-ever live performances. In March 2000, Shakira embarked on her Tour Anfibio , a two-month tour of Latin America and the United States. In August 2000, she won an MTV Video Music Award in
7396-521: The Indian Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea (see also: Indo-Mediterranean ). It is the birthplace and spiritual center of religions such as Christianity , Islam , Judaism , Manichaeism , Yezidi , Druze , Yarsan , and Mandeanism , and in Iran, Mithraism , Zoroastrianism , Manicheanism , and the Baháʼí Faith . Throughout its history the Middle East has been a major center of world affairs;
7568-682: The International Organization for Migration , there are 13 million first-generation migrants from Arab nations in the world, of which 5.8 reside in other Arab countries. Expatriates from Arab countries contribute to the circulation of financial and human capital in the region and thus significantly promote regional development. In 2009 Arab countries received a total of US$ 35.1 billion in remittance in-flows and remittances sent to Jordan , Egypt and Lebanon from other Arab countries are 40 to 190 per cent higher than trade revenues between these and other Arab countries. In Somalia ,
7740-712: The Javanese ), Myanmar , Mongolia , Tibet , and South India . In other cases, a person may select a single name from their polynym or adopt a mononym as a chosen name, pen name , stage name , or regnal name . A popular nickname may effectively become a mononym, in some cases adopted legally. For some historical figures, a mononym is the only name that is still known today. The word mononym comes from English mono- ("one", "single") and -onym ("name", "word"), ultimately from Greek mónos (μόνος, "single"), and ónoma (ὄνομα, "name"). The structure of persons' names has varied across time and geography. In some societies, individuals have been mononymous, receiving only
7912-651: The Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran World Tour , her first tour in over six years, in support of the album. Breaking a variety of Latin ticket sales and concert records, the tour will start on 11 February 2025 in Rio de Janeiro , Brazil, and will conclude on 30 June 2025 in San Francisco , California . In September 2024, Shakira walked off stage mid-performance at the LIV Miami nightclub, reportedly after noticing fans filming up her dress . Later that month, she released
8084-481: The Lincoln Memorial " We Are One " festivities in honor of the inauguration of President Barack Obama . She performed " Higher Ground " with Stevie Wonder and Usher . In June 2009, Shakira was featured on Mercedes Sosa 's album Cantora on their cover of Silvio Rodríguez 's song " La Maza ". In July 2009 Shakira released " She Wolf " as the lead single from an upcoming album with the same title. The single
8256-639: The Maghreb and the Sudan . The term the " Greater Middle East " also includes parts of East Africa , Mauritania , Afghanistan , Pakistan , and sometimes the South Caucasus and Central Asia . The term "Middle East" may have originated in the 1850s in the British India Office . However, it became more widely known when United States naval strategist Alfred Thayer Mahan used the term in 1902 to "designate
8428-506: The Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award at the 2023 MTV Video Music Awards and performed a medley of her hits as the recipient; she became the first South American artist to receive the accolade. At the 24th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , she received seven nominations, including Record of the Year and Song of the Year . Shakira became the first artist in the award show's history to receive three nominations for Song of
8600-597: The Near East , Fertile Crescent , and Levant . These are geographical concepts, which refer to large sections of the modern-day Middle East, with the Near East being the closest to the Middle East in its geographical meaning. Due to it primarily being Arabic speaking, the Maghreb region of North Africa is sometimes included. The countries of the South Caucasus – Armenia , Azerbaijan , and Georgia – are occasionally included in definitions of
8772-404: The Sassanid Empire . However, it would be the later Islamic Caliphates of the Middle Ages , or Islamic Golden Age which began with the Islamic conquest of the region in the 7th century AD, that would first unify the entire Middle East as a distinct region and create the dominant Islamic Arab ethnic identity that largely (but not exclusively) persists today. The 4 caliphates that dominated
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#17328555786998944-669: The Somali Civil War has greatly increased the size of the Somali diaspora , as many of the best educated Somalis left for Middle Eastern countries as well as Europe and North America . Non-Arab Middle Eastern countries such as Turkey , Israel and Iran are also subject to important migration dynamics. A fair proportion of those migrating from Arab nations are from ethnic and religious minorities facing persecution and are not necessarily ethnic Arabs, Iranians or Turks. Large numbers of Kurds , Jews , Assyrians , Greeks and Armenians as well as many Mandeans have left nations such as Iraq, Iran, Syria and Turkey for these reasons during
9116-408: The South Caucasus . It also includes all of Egypt (not just the Sinai ) and all of Turkey (including East Thrace ). Most Middle Eastern countries (13 out of 18) are part of the Arab world . The most populous countries in the region are Egypt, Turkey, and Iran, while Saudi Arabia is the largest Middle Eastern country by area. The history of the Middle East dates back to ancient times , and it
9288-462: The Spanish language on a global level. In 2022, MTV included her in the list of "The Most Influential Women in the History of Music", being the only Latina on the list. In 2024, Billboard listed her one of the 25 greatest pop stars of the 21st century. She has received numerous accolades , including 3 Grammy Awards , 15 Latin Grammy Awards , 7 Billboard Music Awards , 39 Billboard Latin Music Awards , 5 MTV Video Music Awards (including
9460-416: The Stone Age . The search for agricultural lands by agriculturalists, and pastoral lands by herdsmen meant different migrations took place within the region and shaped its ethnic and demographic makeup. The Middle East is widely and most famously known as the cradle of civilization . The world's earliest civilizations, Mesopotamia ( Sumer , Akkad , Assyria and Babylonia ), ancient Egypt and Kish in
9632-462: The Super Bowl LIV halftime show . According to Billboard , the halftime show had a viewership of 103 million people. On YouTube , it became the most viewed halftime show at that point in time. Shakira appeared in two television specials performing her songs during the COVID-19 pandemic , including Global Goal: Unite for Our Future (with " Sale el Sol ") and The Disney Family Singalong: Volume II (with " Try Everything "). In December 2020, she
9804-426: The West , and western sounds in the East (mainly the Middle East ). Due to her heritage as a Colombian of Lebanese descent, she is perceived as particularly influential for Latino and Middle-Eastern musicians, and has been noted for introducing musical genres, instruments, and techniques from across Latin America, the Middle East, and other regions to a wider audience. Shakira is also credited with popularizing music in
9976-432: The first native Hebrew speaker being born in 1882. Greek is one of the two official languages of Cyprus , and the country's main language. Small communities of Greek speakers exist all around the Middle East; until the 20th century it was also widely spoken in Asia Minor (being the second most spoken language there, after Turkish) and Egypt. During the antiquity, Ancient Greek was the lingua franca for many areas of
10148-401: The 17th and 18th centuries, most Italian castrato singers used mononyms as stage names (e.g. Caffarelli , Farinelli ). The German writer, mining engineer, and philosopher Georg Friedrich Philipp Freiherr von Hardenberg (1772–1801) became famous as Novalis . The 18th-century Italian painter Bernardo Bellotto , who is now ranked as an important and original painter in his own right, traded on
10320-402: The 2023 Michael Jackson Video Vanguard Award ), 21 Guinness World Records , and a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame . She was named the Top Female Latin Artist of the Decade by Billboard twice (2000s and 2010s). For her philanthropic work with her Barefoot Foundation and her contributions to music she received the Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year and Harvard Foundation Artist of
10492-432: The Americas". It debuted at number 13 on the US Billboard 200 , with 34,000 album-equivalent units sold during its first week. Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran debuted atop the Top Latin Albums and Top Latin Pop Albums charts, making Shakira the first woman with number-one albums across four decades on the Billboard Latin album charts. It was certified seven-times platinum ( Latin ) upon release. " Puntería " with Cardi B
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#173285557869910664-422: The Arabian Peninsula in particular have benefitted economically from petroleum exports. Because of the arid climate and dependence on the fossil fuel industry, the Middle East is both a major contributor to climate change and a region that is expected to be severely adversely affected by it. Other concepts of the region exist, including the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA), which includes states of
10836-422: The Arabic root for East , also denotes a variously defined region around the Levant , the eastern part of the Arabic-speaking world (as opposed to the Maghreb , the western part). Even though the term originated in the West, countries of the Middle East that use languages other than Arabic also use that term in translation. For instance, the Persian equivalent for Middle East is خاورمیانه ( Khāvar-e miyāneh ),
11008-532: The Colombian TV series The Oasis , loosely based on the Armero tragedy in 1985. Since then, the albums have been pulled from release and are not considered official Shakira albums but rather promotional albums. Shakira originally recorded the song " ¿Dónde Estás Corazón? " (later released on her album Pies Descalzos ) for the compilation album Nuestro Rock in 1994, released exclusively in Colombia. Shakira returned to recording music under Sony Music Colombia in 1995 with Luis F. Ochoa, using musical influences from
11180-424: The Colombian folklore and Arab dance I love and American music." The Arabian and Middle Eastern music elements that exerted a high influence on Dónde Están los Ladrones? are also present in Laundry Service , most prominently on "Eyes Like Yours"/"Ojos Así". Musical styles from different South American countries surface on the album. Tango , a style of fast-paced ballroom dance that originated in Argentina,
11352-442: The Dominican Republic. In addition, a journalist from the Brazilian edition of the Portuguese newspaper Destak announced, on his Twitter account, that the Colombian singer would visit Brazil the following March. However, according to the same newspaper, due to Shakira's hiatus to recover from her vocal-cord haemorrhage, the Latin American dates were also postponed to the second half of 2018. Eventually, Shakira did recover fully from
11524-427: The English markets: "Ask for More", "Pide Más", "Knock on My Door", and "Pídeme el Sol". In Chicago Tribune , journalist Joshua Klein defined her international ascent "as multilateral, multicultural and cooperative as they come." In 2002, at Aerosmith 's MTV Icon in April 2002, Shakira performed " Dude (Looks Like a Lady) ". She also joined Cher , Whitney Houston , Celine Dion , Mary J. Blige , Anastacia , and
11696-463: The Gulf was the most important passage for Britain to control in order to keep the Russians from advancing towards British India . Mahan first used the term in his article "The Persian Gulf and International Relations", published in September 1902 in the National Review , a British journal. The Middle East, if I may adopt a term which I have not seen, will some day need its Malta , as well as its Gibraltar ; it does not follow that either will be in
11868-409: The Hebrew is המזרח התיכון ( hamizrach hatikhon ), and the Turkish is Orta Doğu. Traditionally included within the Middle East are Arabia , Asia Minor , East Thrace , Egypt , Iran , the Levant , Mesopotamia , and the Socotra Archipelago . The region includes 17 UN -recognized countries and one British Overseas Territory . Various concepts are often paralleled to the Middle East, most notably
12040-410: The Levant, all originated in the Fertile Crescent and Nile Valley regions of the ancient Near East. These were followed by the Hittite , Greek , Hurrian and Urartian civilisations of Asia Minor ; Elam , Persia and Median civilizations in Iran , as well as the civilizations of the Levant (such as Ebla , Mari , Nagar , Ugarit , Canaan , Aramea , Mitanni , Phoenicia and Israel ) and
12212-481: The Middle East for more than 600 years were the Rashidun Caliphate , the Umayyad caliphate , the Abbasid caliphate and the Fatimid caliphate . Additionally, the Mongols would come to dominate the region, the Kingdom of Armenia would incorporate parts of the region to their domain, the Seljuks would rule the region and spread Turko-Persian culture, and the Franks would found the Crusader states that would stand for roughly two centuries. Josiah Russell estimates
12384-459: The Middle East. " Greater Middle East " is a political term coined by the second Bush administration in the first decade of the 21st century to denote various countries, pertaining to the Muslim world , specifically Afghanistan , Iran , Pakistan , and Turkey . Various Central Asian countries are sometimes also included. The Middle East lies at the juncture of Africa and Eurasia and of
12556-656: The Middle East. Arabic, with all its dialects, is the most widely spoken language in the Middle East, with Literary Arabic being official in all North African and in most West Asian countries. Arabic dialects are also spoken in some adjacent areas in neighbouring Middle Eastern non-Arab countries. It is a member of the Semitic branch of the Afro-Asiatic languages. Several Modern South Arabian languages such as Mehri and Soqotri are also spoken in Yemen and Oman. Another Semitic language
12728-510: The Middle East. For the period between the 1970s and 1990s, the Arab states of the Persian Gulf in particular provided a rich source of employment for workers from Egypt, Yemen and the countries of the Levant, while Europe had attracted young workers from North African countries due both to proximity and the legacy of colonial ties between France and the majority of North African states." According to
12900-497: The Persian Gulf. Naval force has the quality of mobility which carries with it the privilege of temporary absences; but it needs to find on every scene of operation established bases of refit, of supply, and in case of disaster, of security. The British Navy should have the facility to concentrate in force if occasion arise, about Aden , India, and the Persian Gulf. Mahan's article was reprinted in The Times and followed in October by
13072-665: The Record , was also released in 2004, commemorating the Tour of the Mongoose. Shakira's sixth studio album, Fijación Oral, Volumen Uno , was released in June 2005. The lead single from the album, " La Tortura ", reached the top 40 on the Hot 100. The song also featured the Spanish balladeer Alejandro Sanz . Shakira; Sanz and Daddy Yankee (" Gasolina ") were the first artists to perform Spanish language songs at
13244-618: The Roman Empire and played an exceptionally important role due to its periphery on the Sassanid Empire . Thus, the Romans stationed up to five or six of their legions in the region for the sole purpose of defending it from Sassanid and Bedouin raids and invasions. From the 4th century CE onwards, the Middle East became the center of the two main powers at the time, the Byzantine Empire and
13416-501: The U.S. Latin Albums chart for 11 weeks. It has since sold over 7 million copies worldwide and 1.5 million copies in the U.S. alone, making it one of the best selling Spanish albums in the U.S. Eight singles were taken from the album including " Ciega, Sordomuda ", " Moscas En La Casa ", " No Creo ", " Inevitable ", " Tú ", " Si Te Vas ", " Octavo día ", and " Ojos Así ". Shakira also received her first Grammy Award nomination in 1999 for
13588-521: The U.S. Latin chart, and " Se Quiere, Se Mata " which reached number eight on the U.S. Latin chart. In August 1996, RIAA certified the album platinum status. In March 1996, Shakira went on to her first international tour, named simply the Tour Pies Descalzos . The tour consisted of 20 shows and ended in 1997. Also in that year, Shakira received three Billboard Latin Music Awards for Album of
13760-450: The U.S. by missing the top 40 on the Hot 100. It did, however, reach the top 20 in most countries worldwide. Shakira's second English studio album and seventh studio album, Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 , was released on 29 November 2005. The album debuted at number five on the Billboard 200, selling 128,000 copies in its first week. The album has gone on to sell 1.8 million records in the U.S., and over eight million copies worldwide. Despite
13932-571: The US Billboard 200 chart marking the highest debut for a Latin album for the year and was Shakira's fifth album to peak at number one. According to Billboard , 35% of its first-week sales were credited to strong digital sales. The album also peaked at number one on both the Top Latin Albums and Latin Pop Albums charts, achieving strong digital sales in the region. The lead single, " Loca ",
14104-451: The US Billboard 200 chart with first-week sales of 85,000 copies. By doing so, Shakira became the singer's highest-charting album on the chart, although it also achieved her lowest first-week sales figure (for an English-language album). The album spawned three singles. After releasing the first two singles from the album, " Can't Remember to Forget You " and " Empire ". RCA chose " Dare (La La La) " as third single. The song " Medicine "
14276-644: The US, at number 7. It broke the Guinness World Record for the highest-charting Spanish-language track by a woman in the US. The song debuted atop the Global 200, becoming both her and Karol G's first number-one. Shakira released " Acróstico " on 11 May as the fifth single from her upcoming album. A second version of the song featuring vocals from her children Milan and Sasha, was released three days later. In June, " Copa Vacía " with Colombian singer Manuel Turizo followed as
14448-453: The US. It reached number five on the U.S. Billboard Top Latin Albums chart. The album spawned six hit singles, " Estoy Aquí ", which reached number two on the U.S. Latin chart, " ¿Dónde Estás Corazón? " which reached number five on the U.S. Latin chart, " Pies Descalzos, Sueños Blancos " which reached number 11 on the U.S. Latin chart, " Un Poco de Amor " which reached number six on the U.S. Latin chart, " Antología " which reached number 15 on
14620-404: The Year and Song of the Year . On 28 October 2016, Shakira released the single " Chantaje " with Colombian singer Maluma ; though the song was a track from the upcoming eleventh studio album, it was not intended to be the lead single. The song became Shakira's most-viewed YouTube video, with over 2.1 billion views as of 1 June 2018. On 7 April 2017, Shakira released the song " Me Enamoré " as
14792-513: The Year (for "Suerte"), and Artist of the Year. In November, she embarked on the Tour of the Mongoose with 61 shows occurring by May 2003. The tour was also her first worldwide tour, as legs were played in North America, South America, Europe, and Asia. Shakira's label, Sony BMG, also released her Spanish greatest-hits compilation, Grandes Éxitos . A DVD and 10-track live album, titled Live & Off
14964-551: The Year awards in 2011. She was appointed to the President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanics in the United States in 2011, and Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters by the French government in 2012. Shakira Isabel Mebarak Ripoll was born on 2 February 1977 in Barranquilla , Colombia. She is the only child of William Mebarak Chadid and Nidia Ripoll Torrado. She
15136-497: The Year for Pies Descalzos , Video of the Year for "Estoy Aqui", and Best New Artist . Pies Descalzos later sold over 5 million copies, prompting the release of a remix album, simply titled The Remixes . The Remixes also included Portuguese versions of some of her well-known songs, which were recorded as a result of her success in the Brazilian market, where Pies Descalzos sold nearly one million copies. Her fourth studio album
15308-415: The Year in a single ceremony—with "Shakira: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 53", "TQG", and "Acróstico". She won Song of the Year and Best Pop Song for "Vol. 53" and Best Urban/Fusion Performance for "TQG". Shakira's twelfth studio album, Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran , was released on 22 March 2024, through Sony Music Latin . Her first studio release in nearly seven years, after El Dorado (2017), she called
15480-542: The age of 13. Following the commercial failure of her first two albums, Magia (1991) and Peligro (1993), she rose to prominence in Hispanic countries with her next albums, Pies Descalzos (1995) and Dónde Están los Ladrones? (1998). She entered the English-language market with her fifth album, Laundry Service (2001), which sold over 13 million copies worldwide. Buoyed by the international success of her singles " Whenever, Wherever " and " Underneath Your Clothes ",
15652-821: The album propelled her reputation as a leading crossover artist and is the best-selling album of all time by a female Latin artist. Her success was further solidified with the Spanish-language albums Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 (2005), Sale el Sol (2010), El Dorado (2017), and Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran (2024), all of which topped the Billboard Top Latin Albums chart, making her the first woman with number-one albums across four different decades. Meanwhile, her English-language albums Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 (2005), She Wolf (2009), and Shakira (2014) received platinum certifications in various countries worldwide. Some of her songs have reached number-one on
15824-550: The album, including "She Wolf", " Did It Again ", " Give It Up to Me ", and " Gypsy ". " Good Stuff " was released as the sole promotional single off the album. In May, Shakira collaborated with the South African group Freshlyground to create the official song of the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa. " Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) ", which is based on a traditional Cameroonian soldiers' Fang song titled " Zangalewa " by
15996-623: The area between Arabia and India". During this time the British and Russian empires were vying for influence in Central Asia , a rivalry that would become known as the Great Game . Mahan realized not only the strategic importance of the region, but also of its center, the Persian Gulf . He labeled the area surrounding the Persian Gulf as the Middle East. He said that, beyond Egypt's Suez Canal ,
16168-460: The audition, with the idea of surprising them with Shakira's performance. She performed three songs for the executives and impressed them enough for her to be signed to record three albums. Shakira's debut album, Magia , was recorded with Sony Music Colombia in 1990 when she was only 13 years old. The songs are a collection made by her since she was eight, mixed pop-rock ballads and disco uptempo songs with electronic accompaniment. The album
16340-488: The category of People's Choice – Favorite International Artist for "Ojos Así". In September 2000, Shakira performed "Ojos Así" at the inaugural ceremony of the Latin Grammy Awards , where she was nominated in five categories: Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album for MTV Unplugged , Best Female Rock Vocal Performance for "Octavo Día", Best Female Pop Vocal Performance and Best Short Form Music Video for
16512-407: The charts in multiple countries, including " Ciega, Sordomuda ", " Whenever, Wherever ", " La Tortura ", " Hips Don't Lie ", " Beautiful Liar ", " She Wolf ", " Waka Waka (This Time for Africa) ", " Loca ", " Rabiosa ", " Can't Remember to Forget You ", " Dare (La La La) ", " La Bicicleta ", " Chantaje ", " Te Felicito ", " Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 53 ", and " TQG ". Outside of music, Shakira served as
16684-609: The clan) – the nomen and cognomen were almost always hereditary. Mononyms in other ancient cultures include Hannibal , the Celtic queen Boudica , and the Numidian king Jugurtha . During the early Middle Ages , mononymity slowly declined, with northern and eastern Europe keeping the tradition longer than the south. The Dutch Renaissance scholar and theologian Erasmus is a late example of mononymity; though sometimes referred to as "Desiderius Erasmus" or "Erasmus of Rotterdam", he
16856-764: The classificiation of the African country, Egypt, among those counted in the Middle East challenges the usefulness of using such terms. The description Middle has also led to some confusion over changing definitions. Before the First World War , "Near East" was used in English to refer to the Balkans and the Ottoman Empire , while "Middle East" referred to the Caucasus , Persia , and Arabian lands, and sometimes Afghanistan , India and others. In contrast, " Far East " referred to
17028-458: The commercial failure of the album's lead single in the U.S., it went on to spawn two more singles. " Hips Don't Lie ", which featured Wyclef Jean , was released as the album's second single in February 2006. It would become Shakira's first number-one single on the Billboard Hot 100, in addition to reaching number one in over 55 countries. Shakira and Wyclef Jean also recorded a Bamboo version of
17200-570: The core of what historians had long referred to as the cradle of civilization (multiple regions of the world have since been classified as also having developed independent, original civilizations). Conversely, the Levantine coast and most of Turkey have relatively temperate climates typical of the Mediterranean , with dry summers and cool, wet winters. Most of the countries that border the Persian Gulf have vast reserves of petroleum . Monarchs of
17372-526: The countries of East Asia (e.g. China , Japan , and Korea ). With the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in 1918, "Near East" largely fell out of common use in English, while "Middle East" came to be applied to the emerging independent countries of the Islamic world . However, the usage "Near East" was retained by a variety of academic disciplines, including archaeology and ancient history . In their usage,
17544-509: The country is one of the region's largest and most populous. It belongs to the Indo-Iranian branch of the family of Indo-European languages . Other Western Iranic languages spoken in the region include Achomi , Daylami , Kurdish dialects, Semmani , Lurish , amongst many others. The close third-most widely spoken language, Turkish , is largely confined to Turkey, which is also one of the region's largest and most populous countries, but it
17716-465: The creative process "alchemical" and that it turned her "tears into diamonds" and her "vulnerability into strength". The album received generally positive reviews from music critics. Rolling Stone noted that "in a crowded Latin music landscape, Shakira's first album in 7 years reaffirms her relevance and dominance" while The New York Times wrote that the record continues her "career-long penchant for pulling together music and collaborators from across
17888-450: The early 20th century as a replacement of the term Near East (both were in contrast to the Far East ). The term "Middle East" has led to some confusion over its changing definitions. Since the late 20th century, it has been criticized as being too Eurocentric . The region includes the vast majority of the territories included in the closely associated definition of West Asia , but without
18060-596: The economy of the Western world [...] Within this contextual framework, the United States sought to divert the Arab world from Soviet influence. Throughout the 20th and 21st centuries, the region has experienced both periods of relative peace and tolerance and periods of conflict particularly between Sunnis and Shiites . Arabs constitute the largest ethnic group in the Middle East, followed by various Iranian peoples and then by Turkic peoples ( Turkish , Azeris , Syrian Turkmen , and Iraqi Turkmen ). Native ethnic groups of
18232-670: The emperor and his family have no surname, only a given name, such as Hirohito , which in practice in Japanese is rarely used: out of respect and as a measure of politeness, Japanese prefer to say "the Emperor" or "the Crown Prince". Roman Catholic popes have traditionally adopted a single, regnal name upon their election . John Paul I broke with this tradition – adopting a double name honoring his two predecessors – and his successor John Paul II followed suit, but Benedict XVI reverted to
18404-451: The first time at the 49th Grammy Awards and earned the nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for "Hips Don't Lie" with Wyclef Jean. Shakira released her third live album Oral Fixation Tour in November 2007. In late 2006, Shakira and Alejandro Sanz collaborated for the duet " Te lo Agradezco, Pero No ", which is featured on Sanz's album El Tren de los Momentos . The song
18576-463: The greatest living poet of the Arab world. In the West, mononymity, as well as its use by royals in conjunction with titles, has been primarily used or given to famous people such as prominent writers, artists , entertainers , musicians and athletes . The comedian and illusionist Teller , the silent half of the duo Penn & Teller , legally changed his original polynym, Raymond Joseph Teller, to
18748-648: The group Zangalewa or Golden Sounds . The single later reached the top 20 in Europe, South America and Africa and the top 40 in the U.S. and was performed by Shakira at the World Cup kick-off and closing. It became the biggest-selling World Cup song of all time. In October 2010, Shakira released her ninth studio album, titled Sale el Sol . The album received critical acclaim and was included in AllMusic's "Favorite Albums of 2010" and "Favorite Latin Albums of 2010" year-end lists. At
18920-600: The haemorrhage she had suffered and resumed her tour, performing in Hamburg , Germany on 3 June 2018. In January 2018 she announced the dates for her El Dorado World Tour. She began the first leg of her tour in Europe, starting in Hamburg, Germany on 3 June. In the same month, she released a collaboration with Maluma titled " Clandestino " as a standalone single The European leg of the tour ended in Barcelona, Spain on 7 July. She then spent
19092-515: The highest in the world, and the international oil cartel OPEC is dominated by Middle Eastern countries. During the Cold War, the Middle East was a theater of ideological struggle between the two superpowers and their allies: NATO and the United States on one side, and the Soviet Union and Warsaw Pact on the other, as they competed to influence regional allies. Besides the political reasons there
19264-456: The imposition of Western-style names, one of the recommendations of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada was for all provinces and territories to waive fees to allow Indigenous people to legally assume traditional names, including mononyms. In Ontario , for example, it is now legally possible to change to a single name or register one at birth, for members of Indigenous nations which have
19436-514: The last century. In Iran, many religious minorities such as Christians , Baháʼís , Jews and Zoroastrians have left since the Islamic Revolution of 1979 . The Middle East is very diverse when it comes to religions , many of which originated there. Islam is the largest religion in the Middle East, but other faiths that originated there, such as Judaism and Christianity , are also well represented. Christian communities have played
19608-459: The late 20th century, scholars and journalists from the region, such as journalist Louay Khraish and historian Hassan Hanafi have criticized the use of "Middle East" as a Eurocentric and colonialist term. The Associated Press Stylebook of 2004 says that Near East formerly referred to the farther west countries while Middle East referred to the eastern ones, but that now they are synonymous. It instructs: Use Middle East unless Near East
19780-607: The lead single of her upcoming twelfth studio album. In May, she was honored by the Ivors Academy in the United Kingdom with the Ivor Novello Awards ' Special Award for Songwriting celebrating her songwriting in both English and Spanish and paving the way for Latin artists. By the end of that month, the dance competition show, Dancing with Myself , on which Shakira served as an executive producer and judge, alongside Liza Koshy and Nick Jonas , premiered on NBC . The series
19952-451: The mononym "Teller" and possesses a United States passport issued in that single name. While some have chosen their own mononym, others have mononyms chosen for them by the public. Oprah Winfrey , American talk show host, is usually referred to by only her first name, Oprah. Elvis Presley , American singer, is usually referred to by only his first name, Elvis. Western computer systems do not always support monynyms, most still requiring
20124-466: The mononym Stendhal, adapted from the name of the little Prussian town of Stendal , birthplace of the German art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann , whom Stendhal admired. Nadar (Gaspard-Félix Tournachon, 1820–1910) was an early French photographer. In the 20th century, Sidonie-Gabrielle Colette (1873–1954, author of Gigi , 1945), used her actual surname as her mononym pen name, Colette. In
20296-640: The mononymous pseudonym Witkacy, a conflation of his surname ( Witkiewicz ) and middle name ( Ignacy ). Monarchs and other royalty , for example Napoleon , have traditionally availed themselves of the privilege of using a mononym, modified when necessary by an ordinal or epithet (e.g., Queen Elizabeth II or Charles the Great ). This is not always the case: King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden has two names. While many European royals have formally sported long chains of names, in practice they have tended to use only one or two and not to use surnames . In Japan,
20468-533: The mononymous pseudonym of his uncle and teacher, Antonio Canal ( Canaletto ), in those countries—Poland and Germany—where his famous uncle was not active, calling himself likewise "Canaletto". Bellotto remains commonly known as "Canaletto" in those countries to this day. The 19th-century Dutch writer Eduard Douwes Dekker (1820–87), better known by his mononymous pen name Multatuli (from the Latin multa tuli , "I have suffered [or borne ] many things"), became famous for
20640-502: The name. A departure from this custom occurred, for example, among the Romans , who by the Republican period and throughout the Imperial period used multiple names : a male citizen's name comprised three parts (this was mostly typical of the upper class, while others would usually have only two names): praenomen (given name), nomen (clan name) and cognomen (family line within
20812-525: The next single of the record. The following month, on the issue dated 29 July 2023, Shakira became the first woman in history to occupy the top three spots on the Latin Pop Airplay chart—with "TQG" at the summit, and "Acróstico" and "Copa Vacía" at numbers two and three. She released " El Jefe ", a collaboration with American regional Mexican band Fuerza Regida , in September as the seventh single of her forthcoming album. On 12 September, Shakira received
20984-597: The nuns) at her Catholic school, but in second grade, she was rejected for the school choir because her vibrato was too strong. The music teacher told her that she sounded "like a goat". At school, she was often sent out of the class because of her hyperactivity . She says she had also been known as "the belly dancer girl", as she would demonstrate every Friday at school a number she had learned. "That's how I discovered my passion for live performance," she says. To instill gratitude in Shakira for her upbringing, her father took her to
21156-495: The pattern, with epithets (similar to second names) only used subsequently by historians to distinguish between individuals with the same name, as in the case of Zeno the Stoic and Zeno of Elea ; likewise, patronymics or other biographic details (such as city of origin, or another place name or occupation the individual was associated with) were used to specify whom one was talking about, but these details were not considered part of
21328-558: The period between August 2001 and February 2002. The song took heavy influence from Andean music , including the charango and panpipes in its instrumentation. It became an international success by reaching number one in most countries. It was also her first success in the U.S., reaching number six on the Hot 100. Shakira's fifth studio album and first English language album, titled Laundry Service in English-speaking countries and Servicio De Lavanderia in Latin America and Spain,
21500-448: The population of what he calls "Islamic territory" as roughly 12.5 million in 1000 – Anatolia 8 million, Syria 2 million, and Egypt 1.5 million. From the 16th century onward, the Middle East came to be dominated, once again, by two main powers: the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid dynasty . The modern Middle East began after World War I , when the Ottoman Empire, which was allied with
21672-662: The region include, in addition to Arabs, Arameans , Assyrians , Baloch , Berbers , Copts , Druze , Greek Cypriots , Jews , Kurds , Lurs , Mandaeans , Persians , Samaritans , Shabaks , Tats , and Zazas . European ethnic groups that form a diaspora in the region include Albanians , Bosniaks , Circassians (including Kabardians ), Crimean Tatars , Greeks , Franco-Levantines , Italo-Levantines , and Iraqi Turkmens . Among other migrant populations are Chinese , Filipinos , Indians , Indonesians , Pakistanis , Pashtuns , Romani , and Afro-Arabs . "Migration has always provided an important vent for labor market pressures in
21844-519: The rising influence of the United States from the 1970s onwards. In the 20th century, the region's significant stocks of crude oil gave it new strategic and economic importance. Mass production of oil began around 1945, with Saudi Arabia, Iran, Kuwait, Iraq, and the United Arab Emirates having large quantities of oil. Estimated oil reserves , especially in Saudi Arabia and Iran, are some of
22016-477: The same day " Nada " was released as the fifth and final single off El Dorado . She released her fifth live album Shakira in Concert: El Dorado World Tour in November 2019. Forbes ranked her among the world's highest-paid women in music in 2019, at number 10. In January 2020, she released " Me Gusta ", a collaboration with Anuel AA . In February 2020, she and Jennifer Lopez performed for
22188-485: The satirical novel, Max Havelaar (1860), in which he denounced the abuses of colonialism in the Dutch East Indies (now Indonesia ). The 20th-century British author Hector Hugh Munro (1870–1916) became known by his pen name , Saki. In 20th-century Poland, the theater-of-the-absurd playwright , novelist, painter , photographer, and philosopher Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885–1939) after 1925 often used
22360-475: The second official single taken from her eleventh studio album El Dorado , which was released on 26 May 2017. She also released the song " Perro Fiel " featuring Nicky Jam as a promotional single for the album on 25 May 2017. Its official release as the third single took place on 15 September 2017, the same date its music video, which was filmed in Barcelona on 27 July 2017, was released. Before being released as
22532-412: The show's sixth season in February 2014. Shakira originally planned to release her new album in 2012, but due to her pregnancy, plans to release the single and video were postponed. In December 2013, it was announced that Shakira's new single had been delayed until January 2014. Shakira's self-titled tenth studio album was later released on 25 March 2014. Commercially the album debuted at number two on
22704-607: The singer experienced during her tour rehearsals, the date was cancelled one day before the original tour schedule, and it was announced that it would be rescheduled for a later date. On 9 November, for the same reason, she also announced the postponements to later dates, to be determined and announced, for both shows in Paris , as well as the following ones in Antwerp and Amsterdam . On 14 November, Shakira made an announcement, through her social networks, in which she revealed that she had suffered
22876-453: The single " Shakira: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 53 ", a collaboration with Argentine DJ Bizarrap . The single reached number-one in 16 countries, achieved 14 Guinness World Records , and peaked at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100 , marking Shakira's fifth top ten in the US and her first in over 15 years, since " Beautiful Liar " (2007). She became the first woman in US history to debut
23048-613: The single " Soltera ". Topping the Latin Pop Airplay chart for seven weeks and reaching number two on Latin Airplay, it tied her with Enrique Iglesias for the most number-ones on the former and third-most top-tens on the latter chart. Shakira received three nominations at the 25th Annual Latin Grammy Awards , including Album of the Year for Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran and Song of the Year for "(Entre Paréntesis)". Las Mujeres Ya No Lloran has also been nominated for Best Latin Pop Album at
23220-576: The single jumped 91 positions, from 94 to three, on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, setting the record for the largest upward movement in the history of the chart at the time. It was also number one on the official UK Singles Chart . The song earned them a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals . Shakira was also featured on Annie Lennox 's song " Sing ", from the album Songs of Mass Destruction , which also features other 23 other female singers. In late 2007, Shakira and Wyclef Jean recorded their second duet, "King and Queen". The song
23392-473: The song to serve as the closing ceremony song of the 2006 FIFA World Cup . Shakira later released the third and final single from the album, " Illegal ", which featured Carlos Santana , in November 2006. She then embarked on the Oral Fixation Tour , which began in June 2006. The tour consisted of 125 shows between June 2006 and July 2007 and visited six continents. In February 2007, Shakira performed for
23564-458: The soundtrack were "Pienso en ti", a song from Shakira's breakthrough album Pies Descalzos , " Hay Amores ", and " Despedida ". "Despedida" was nominated for Best Original Song at the 65th Golden Globe Awards . In early 2008, Forbes named Shakira the fourth top-earning female artist in the music industry. Then, in July of that year, Shakira signed a $ 300 million contract with Live Nation , which
23736-406: The surname "Pisciotti". She was raised Catholic and attended Catholic schools . She has eight older half-siblings from her father's previous marriage. Shakira spent much of her youth in Barranquilla, a city located on the northern Caribbean coast of Colombia. Shakira wrote her first poem, titled "La rosa de cristal" ('The Crystal Rose'), when she was only four years old. As she was growing up, she
23908-516: The term describes an area identical to the term Middle East , which is not used by these disciplines (see ancient Near East ). The first official use of the term "Middle East" by the United States government was in the 1957 Eisenhower Doctrine , which pertained to the Suez Crisis . Secretary of State John Foster Dulles defined the Middle East as "the area lying between and including Libya on
24080-584: The time, Shakira was invited to perform at Chile's Viña del Mar International Song Festival in February 1993. The festival gave aspiring Latin American singers a chance to perform their songs, and the winner was then chosen by a panel of judges. Shakira performed the ballad "Eres" ("You Are") and won the trophy for third place. One of the judges who voted for her to win was the then 20-year-old Ricky Martin , whose initial prominence had come from his membership in Menudo . Shakira's second studio album, titled Peligro ,
24252-596: The top five in Spain, Germany, and the United Kingdom. It debuted at number fifteen on the Billboard 200 . She Wolf was certified double-platinum in Colombia and Mexico, platinum in Italy and Spain, and gold in numerous countries including France and the United Kingdom. The album sold 2 million copies worldwide, becoming one of Shakira's least successful studio albums to date in terms of sales. Four singles were released off
24424-443: The upcoming 67th Annual Grammy Awards . Shakira will reprise her voice role as Gazelle, a Thomson's gazelle pop star, in Zootopia 2 , which will be released in November 2025. On her music, Shakira has said that, "my music, I think, is a fusion of many different elements. And I'm always experimenting. So I try not to limit myself, or put myself in a category, or... be the architect of my own jail." Shakira has frequently stated she
24596-399: The use of a single name. Surnames were introduced in Turkey only after World War I , by the country's first president, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk , as part of his Westernization and modernization programs. Some North American Indigenous people continue their nations' traditional naming practices, which may include the use of single names. In Canada , where government policy often included
24768-469: The video for "Ojos Así". Upon the success of Dónde Están los Ladrones? and MTV Unplugged , Shakira began working on an English crossover album . She learned English with the help of Gloria Estefan . She worked for over a year on new material for the album. " Whenever, Wherever ", called " Suerte " in the simultaneously published Spanish language version, was released as the first and lead single from her first English album and fifth studio album throughout
24940-405: The west and Pakistan on the east, Syria and Iraq on the North and the Arabian peninsula to the south, plus the Sudan and Ethiopia ." In 1958, the State Department explained that the terms "Near East" and "Middle East" were interchangeable, and defined the region as including only Egypt , Syria, Israel , Lebanon , Jordan , Iraq, Saudi Arabia , Kuwait , Bahrain , and Qatar . Since
25112-409: The western Middle East and until the Muslim expansion it was widely spoken there as well. Until the late 11th century, it was also the main spoken language in Asia Minor ; after that it was gradually replaced by the Turkish language as the Anatolian Turks expanded and the local Greeks were assimilated, especially in the interior. English is one of the official languages of Akrotiri and Dhekelia. It
25284-416: The win of Best Latin Rock/Alternative Album for Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 . She received four Latin Grammy Awards in November 2006, winning the awards for Record of the Year , Song of the Year for "La Tortura", Album of the Year and Best Pop Vocal Album for Fijación Oral, Vol. 1 . The lead single for Shakira's seventh album, Oral Fixation, Vol. 2 , " Don't Bother ", failed to achieve chart success in
25456-468: The woman with the most leaders on the former chart (23) and earning her first chart-topper on the latter. To commemorate the album's release, she conducted a free pop-up concert on 26 March in Times Square , which was announced hours prior to its start. In April, she joined Bizarrap onstage, as a surprise guest, during his set at 2024 Coachella , to perform their collaborations " La Fuerte " and "Shakira: Bzrp Music Sessions, Vol. 53". At his set, she announced
25628-484: Was a commercial success, receiving certifications in 17 countries. Shakira released her eighth studio album She Wolf in October 2009 internationally and on 23 November 2009 in the U.S. The album received mainly positive reviews from critics, and was included in AllMusic's year-end "Favorite Albums," "Favorite Latin Albums," and "Favorite Pop Albums" lists. She Wolf reached number one on the charts of Argentina, Ireland, Italy, Mexico and Switzerland. It also charted inside
25800-426: Was a top ten hit in Latin America, and topped the Billboard Hot Latin Tracks chart. Shakira also collaborated with Miguel Bosé on the duet " Si Tú No Vuelves ", which was released in Bosé's album Papito . In early 2007, Shakira worked with American R&B singer Beyoncé for the track " Beautiful Liar ", which was released as the second single from the deluxe edition of Beyoncé's album B'Day . In April 2007,
25972-411: Was also the "ideological conflict" between the two systems. Moreover, as Louise Fawcett argues, among many important areas of contention, or perhaps more accurately of anxiety, were, first, the desires of the superpowers to gain strategic advantage in the region, second, the fact that the region contained some two-thirds of the world's oil reserves in a context where oil was becoming increasingly vital to
26144-449: Was based in Cairo , for its military forces in the region. After that time, the term "Middle East" gained broader usage in Europe and the United States. Following World War II, for example, the Middle East Institute was founded in Washington, D.C. in 1946. The corresponding adjective is Middle Eastern and the derived noun is Middle Easterner . While non-Eurocentric terms such as "Southwest Asia" or "Swasia" have been sparsely used,
26316-428: Was cancelled after one season. In June, Shakira and Black Eyed Peas released " Don't You Worry " with David Guetta . In October, she released " Monotonía ", a collaboration with Ozuna , as the second single of her forthcoming album. The following month, Shakira, along with Alejandro, was nominated for Record of the Year with "Te Felicito" at the 23rd Annual Latin Grammy Awards . On 11 January 2023, Shakira released
26488-462: Was christened only as "Erasmus", after the martyr Erasmus of Formiae . Composers in the ars nova and ars subtilior styles of late medieval music were often known mononymously—potentially because their names were sobriquets —such as Borlet , Egardus , Egidius , Grimace , Solage , and Trebor . Naming practices of indigenous peoples of the Americas are highly variable, with one individual often bearing more than one name over
26660-401: Was customary to refer to areas centered around Turkey and the eastern shore of the Mediterranean as the " Near East ", while the " Far East " centered on China , India and Japan . The Middle East was then defined as the area from Mesopotamia to Burma , namely, the area between the Near East and the Far East. In the late 1930s, the British established the Middle East Command , which
26832-468: Was fascinated watching her father writing stories on a typewriter , and asked for one as a Christmas gift. She got that typewriter at age seven, and has continued writing poetry since then. These poems eventually evolved into songs. When Shakira was two years old, her older half-brother was killed, at the age of nineteen, in a motorcycle accident; six years later, at age eight, Shakira wrote her first song, titled "Tus gafas oscuras" ('Your dark glasses'), which
27004-418: Was featured on Black Eyed Peas ' single " Girl Like Me ". In January 2021, Shakira sold her catalog of 145 songs to Hipgnosis Songs Fund . Financial details of the sale were not disclosed. On 16 July 2021, Shakira released a single titled " Don't Wait Up ", her first English-language song since " Try Everything " (2016). On 21 April 2022, she released the song " Te Felicito " with singer Rauw Alejandro , as
27176-407: Was featured on Wyclef Jean's 2007 album Carnival Vol. II: Memoirs of an Immigrant . Shakira wrote the lyrics, and jointly composed the music, for two new songs that are featured in the movie Love in the Time of Cholera , based on the acclaimed novel written by Colombian author Gabriel García Márquez . García Márquez himself asked Shakira to write the songs. The songs that Shakira provided for
27348-467: Was inspired by her father, who for years wore dark glasses to hide his grief. When Shakira was four, her father took her to a local Middle Eastern restaurant, where Shakira first heard the doumbek , a traditional drum used in Middle-Eastern music and which typically accompanied belly dancing . She started dancing on the table, and the experience made her realize that she wanted to be a performer. She enjoyed singing for schoolmates and teachers (and even
27520-475: Was long considered the "cradle of civilization". The geopolitical importance of the region has been recognized and competed for during millennia. The Abrahamic religions, Judaism , Christianity , and Islam , have their origins in the Middle East. Arabs constitute the main ethnic group in the region, followed by Turks , Persians , Kurds , Azeris , Copts , Jews , Assyrians , Iraqi Turkmen , Yazidis , and Greek Cypriots . The Middle East generally has
27692-428: Was number one in many countries. The album was also promoted through the release of " Sale el Sol ", " Rabiosa ", " Antes de las Seis ", and " Addicted to You " as singles. The album had sold over 1 million copies worldwide in 6 weeks, and over 4 million since its release. In August 2011, Shakira was featured in an episode of Dora the Explorer , and a song off the episode titled " Todos Juntos " by Dora featuring Shakira
27864-416: Was promoted with the release of " Je L'Aime à Mourir " as a single. On 9 November 2011, Shakira was honored as Latin Recording Academy Person of the Year and performed a cover of Joe Arroyo 's song "En Barranquilla Me Quedo" at the Mandalay Bay Events Center as a tribute to the singer, who had died earlier that year. In 2010 Shakira collaborated with rapper Pitbull for the song " Get It Started ", which
28036-400: Was released as a promotional single off the album. The World Cup version was officially released on 27 May to impact radio stations, and features Brazilian musician Carlinhos Brown . On 13 July 2014, Shakira performed "La La La (Brazil 2014)" with Carlinhos Brown at the 2014 FIFA World Cup closing ceremony at the Maracanã Stadium . This performance became her third consecutive appearance at
28208-425: Was released as the eighth single in tandem with the album. It reached number one on the Latin Airplay chart and topped the Latin Pop Airplay chart for nine weeks. " (Entre Paréntesis) " with regional Mexican band Grupo Frontera was issued as the ninth and final single from the record, on 25 March. The song reached the summit of the Latin Airplay and Regional Mexican Airplay charts, extending Shakira's record as
28380-419: Was released in June 1991 and featured "Magia" and three other singles. Though it fared well on Colombian radio and gave the young Shakira much exposure, the album did not fare well commercially, as only 1,200 copies were sold worldwide. After the poor performance of Magia , Shakira's label urged her to return to the studio to release a follow-up record. Though she was little known outside of her native Colombia at
28552-406: Was released in March, but Shakira was not pleased with the final result, mainly taking issue with the production. The album was better received than Magia had been, though it was also considered a commercial failure due to Shakira's refusal to advertise or promote it. Shakira then decided to take a hiatus from recording so that she could graduate from high school. In the same year, Shakira starred in
28724-554: Was released on 13 November 2001. The album debuted at number three on the U.S. Billboard 200 chart, selling over 200,000 records in its first week. The album was later certified triple platinum by the RIAA in June 2004 as well. It helped to establish Shakira's musical presence in the mainstream North American market. Seven singles were taken from the album such as "Whenever, Wherever"/"Suerte", " Underneath Your Clothes ", " Objection (Tango) "/" Te Aviso, Te Anuncio (Tango) ", " The One ", " Te Dejo Madrid ", " Que Me Quedes Tú ", and " Poem to
28896-468: Was released with a music video. In September, Shakira embarked on The Sun Comes Out World Tour , in support of her two most recent albums. The tour visited countries in North America, Europe, South America, Asia, and Africa with 107 shows in all. The tour was met with positive reactions from critics, who praised Shakira's stage presence and energy during her performances. In December 2011 Shakira released her fourth live album Live from Paris . The live album
29068-477: Was slated to be sponsored by Rakuten . Other announced partners of the tour were Live Nation Entertainment 's Global Touring Division (which had previously collaborated with Shakira on her The Sun Comes Out World Tour ) and Citi , which the press release named as, respectively, the producer and the credit card for the North American leg of the tour. The tour, it was announced, would begin on 8 November, in Cologne , Germany. But due to voice-strain related problems
29240-420: Was slated to be the lead single from Pitbull's 2012 album, Global Warming . The single was released on 28 June 2012. She was also signed to Roc Nation under management purposes for her upcoming studio album. In January 2013, Ivete Sangalo released a single titled " Dançando " featuring Shakira off her album Real Fantasia . In February 2013, Draco Rosa released " Blanca Mujer ", a duet featuring Shakira, as
29412-408: Was titled Dónde Están los Ladrones? Produced by Shakira with Emilio Estefan, Jr. as the executive producer it was released in September 1998. The album, inspired by an incident in an airport in which a suitcase filled with her written lyrics was stolen, became a bigger hit than Pies Descalzos . The album has reached a peak position of number 131 on the U.S. Billboard 200 and held the top spot on
29584-424: Was to remain in effect for ten years. The touring group also doubles as a record label which promotes, but does not control, the music its artists release. Shakira's contract with Epic Records called for three more albums as well – one in English, one in Spanish, and a compilation, but the touring and other rights of the Live Nation deal were confirmed to begin immediately. In January 2009, Shakira performed at
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