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44-431: At the start of the game, balls one through seven are racked in a hexagonal configuration, with the 1-ball placed at the rack's apex , centered over the table's foot spot , the 7-ball placed at the rack's center, and all other balls placed clockwise (see photo top right) . Immediately following the break shot , the opponent must elect three pockets along one of the table's long rails , and

88-579: A ball or hit a cushion after first contact on each shot. Provided a player pots at least one of their own colours, it is legal to pot any number of their opponent's colour in the same shot. In 2022, the EPA and the WEPF adopted the "International Rules" which are now used at all levels in EPA and WEPF tournaments, and by the Ultimate Pool Group. In these rules, for a fair break the player must score 3 points, where

132-681: A ball other than one from their set from the snookered position (although the black may not be potted), with the loss of the first shot. In addition, some variations of the game allow the player to pot one of the opposition's balls, on the first visit only, without the loss of a "free shot". Also (rarely) high-run , hi-run , highrun , etc. Also littles , little ones , little balls . Main article: Cue sports techniques § Massé shot Also matchplay , match-play . Blackball (pool) The English-originating version of eight-ball pool , also known as English pool , English eight-ball , blackball , or simply reds and yellows ,

176-421: A certain colour (either reds or yellows), followed by the black eight-ball. The winner is usually the player who legally pots the black first, although it is possible to win the game by the opponent committing a sufficiently serious foul, such as potting the black eight-ball and the cue ball in the same shot. A foul can be committed in numerous ways, such as potting the cue ball, potting the black eight-ball before

220-416: A fair break the player must pocket a ball or cause at least 4 object balls to hit a cushion. If the breaker pots a ball on the break from one group, they must nominate a colour. If they nominate a colour which was potted on the break, then that group become theirs, while if the group chosen did not have any balls potted on the break, the table remains open until a ball is legally potted. The standard penalty for

264-479: A foul is 2 visits to the table for the incoming player. There is no "free shot" rule. The cue ball cannot be moved, unless the incoming player has been left in a foul snooker, in which case they may nominate a free ball or move the cue ball to baulk. Unlike most other rulesets, deliberate fouls do not result in loss of frame, and are treated as a standard foul. Jump shots are illegal. Push shots are allowed provided no double contact or sustained push can be seen clearly by

308-431: A host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker , played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines. The term billiards is sometimes used to refer to all of the cue sports, to a specific class of them, or to specific ones such as English billiards; this article uses

352-422: A particular game's rules for which a set penalty is imposed. In many pool games the penalty for a foul is ball-in-hand anywhere on the table for the opponent. In some games such as straight pool, a foul results in a loss of one or more points. In one-pocket, in which a set number of balls must be made in a specific pocket, upon a foul the player must return a ball to the table. In some games, three successive fouls in

396-645: A pastime which spread to Britain by the early 1960s. In the years following, the British game diverged from the American in equipment (including the use of casino-style balls, which had died out in the US) and rules. The game uses unnumbered, solid-coloured object balls, typically red and yellow, with one black ball. The black ball typically bears a number "8", though numberless variants are not unknown. They are usually 2 inches (51 mm) or 2 + 1 ⁄ 16 inches (52 mm) in diameter –

440-426: A point is scored for each ball pocketed and for each ball which passes the halfway point of the table. The first legally potted ball decides the colours. The standard penalty for a foul is 1 visit to the table for the incoming player. There is no "free shot" rule, but the cue ball can be moved anywhere on the table following a foul. Deliberate fouls result in loss of frame, and jump shots and push shots are illegal. There

484-449: A row is a loss of game. In straight pool, a third successive foul results in a loss of 16 points (15 plus one for the foul). Possible foul situations (non-exhaustive): Also free shot . A situation where a player has fouled , leaving the opponent snookered . In UK eight-ball this would normally give the opponent the option of one of two plays: (1) ball-in-hand with two shots ; (2) being allowed to contact, or even pot ,

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528-511: A standardised set of pool rules for use in their national events. With some minor changes, these rules were adopted by the newly formed UK Pool Federation (UKPF) in 1992 and known as "Federation rules". These rules were used until the UKPF adopted Blackball rules in 2004. In these rules, for a fair break the player must pocket a ball or cause at least 2 balls to hit a cushion. Later versions of this rule were amended to state that at least 2 balls must pass

572-405: A standardised set of pool rules which they used in their county pool structure through the 1980s and 1990s. These rules were used until 1998, when the EPA adopted World rules in line with the WEPF. In these rules, for a fair break the player must pocket a ball or cause at least 2 balls to hit a cushion. The first legally potted ball decides the colours. The standard penalty for a foul is 2 visits to

616-613: Is a pool game played with sixteen balls (a cue ball and fifteen usually unnumbered object balls ) on a small pool table with six pockets . It originated in the United Kingdom and is played in the Commonwealth countries such as Australia and South Africa . In the UK and Ireland it is usually called simply "pool". The English version of eight-ball has two main sets of playing rules used in professional play; those of

660-530: Is a list of WEPF world eightball champions , sanctioned by the WEPF ( World Eightball Pool Federation ). The following is a list of WPA world blackball champions , sanctioned by the WPA ( World Pool-Billiard Association ). The following is a list of IPA world blackball champions , sanctioned by the IPA ( International Professional Pool Association ) The following is a list of PPPO world eightball champions , sanctioned by

704-485: Is a requirement to either pot a ball or hit a cushion after first contact on each shot. Provided a player pots at least one of their own colours, it is legal to pot any number of their opponent's colour in the same shot, but this will result in loss of turn. The World Eightball Pool Federation has held a World Championships since 1993, and the World Pool-Billiard Association since 2006. The following

748-413: The stripe of the 9-ball with the color of the solid black 8-ball , the " money balls " of their respective namesake games. No special equipment is required for play; a regular set of pool balls and a nine-ball diamond rack turned sidewise are adequate. The original informal incarnation of seven-ball led to a variant professional ruleset that enjoyed a brief heyday in

792-551: The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA), known as "blackball rules", and the code of the World Eightball Pool Federation (WEPF), known as "international rules". American-style eight-ball arose around 1900, derived from basic pyramid pool . In 1925, the Brunswick-Balke-Collender Company began offering ball sets specifically for the game using unnumbered yellow and red balls (in contrast to

836-571: The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA); meanwhile, its ancestor, eight-ball pool, is largely a folk game, like North American bar pool , and to the extent that its rules have been codified, they have been done so by competing authorities with different rulesets. (For the same reason, the glossary's information on eight-ball, nine-ball , and ten-ball draws principally on the stable WPA rules, because there are many competing amateur leagues and even professional tours with divergent rules for these games.) Foreign-language terms are generally not within

880-557: The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) sanctioned a variant of eight-ball pool called "blackball". The UKPF adopted these rules, and renamed themselves the European Blackball Association (EBA). These rules are now used at all levels in WPA tournaments and by the professional International Pool Association. In these rules, for a fair break the player must pocket a ball or cause at least 2 balls to cross

924-477: The baulk-line spot , etc. Also bigs , big balls , big ones . Also billiard shot . Also pool spectacles , snooker specs , etc. Also the black . Also the blue(s) . Also shake bottle , pea bottle , pill bottle , tally bottle , kelly bottle . Also bottomspin , bottom-spin , bottom . Also called-safe Also called-shot ; call-pocket or called-pocket . Also carambola . Not to be confused with

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968-402: The black (the 8 ball) on the foot spot (or "black spot"), in contrast with US-style eight-ball, nine-ball and most other pool games, in which the apex ball is placed on the foot spot. One player begins the game with a "break shot", which involves shooting the cue ball from the baulk area towards the object balls and "splitting the pack". The aim of the game is to pot all the balls of

1012-425: The continuation of a break , and are re-spotted until the reds run out, after which the colours must be potted in their order: Also point of contact . Also counting rack , counter ball rack , etc. Also dog it . Also double elimination . Sometimes interchangeable with scratch , though the latter is often used only to refer to the foul of pocketing the cue ball. A violation of

1056-479: The cue ball anywhere in the "D". Deliberate fouls result in loss of frame, and jump shots and push shots are illegal. There is no requirement to hit a cushion with each shot, meaning "rolling up" to a ball is a legal shot. Provided a player pots at least one of their own colours, it is legal to pot any number of their opponent's colour in the same shot. In 1978, the English Pool Association (EPA) published

1100-431: The disk-flicking traditional board game carrom , which is sometimes played with a small cue stick. Main article: Carom billiards Not to be confused with carom billiards . Also century break . Also coloured ball(s) , colour(s) ; American spelling color sometimes also used. 1.  In snooker , any of the object balls that are not reds . A colour ball must be potted after each red in

1144-560: The game name "Blackball" to better distinguish it from the American-style game (for which the WPA also promulgates the world-standardised rules). Since 2013 these rules are used in all events organised by the International Professional Pool Association (IPPA). Despite various differences between the competing rulesets, the basic objectives and rules of the game are mostly the same. The balls are racked with

1188-994: The game. See the Seven-ball main article for the game. See the Eight-ball and Eight-ball pool (British variation) main articles for the games. See the Nine-ball main article for the game See the Ten-ball main article for the game Also apex ball , apex of the triangle , apex of the diamond or apex of the rack . Also backspin , back-spin , backward spin . Same as draw . See illustration at spin . Also balk space . Also balk line . Not always hyphenated. Plural: balls-on . Also on[-]ball . Also bar rules , pub pool , tavern pool . Also bar box , pub table , tavern table , coin-operated table , coin-op table . Also middle spot in baulk , baulk line spot , middle of

1232-417: The halfway line of the table if a ball is not potted. The breaker must nominate which colour they choose following the break shot. The standard penalty for a foul is 2 visits to the table for the incoming player, and a "free shot", whereby any ball can be played or potted on the first shot of the visit, with the exception of the black if it is not "on". The player awarded the penalty also has the option of moving

1276-422: The halfway point of the table. The first legally potted ball decides the colours. The standard penalty for a foul is 1 "free shot" for the incoming player, followed by one visit to the table. The incoming player also has the option of moving the cue ball anywhere in the baulk area following a foul. Deliberate fouls result in loss of frame, and jump shots and push shots are illegal. There is a requirement to either pot

1320-523: The last colour in the set, hitting the wrong colour ball first or touching any ball with anything apart from the tip of the cue. After a foul, there is a penalty awarded to the other player. This penalty varies by ruleset, but could be winning the frame, gaining an extra shot or visit, being able to hit any ball on the table, or being able to move the cue ball to another location. In 1976, the British Association of Pool Table Operators (BAPTO) published

1364-426: The latter being the same size as the balls used in snooker and English billiards – often with a slightly smaller cue ball, e.g. 1 + 7 ⁄ 8  inches (47.6 mm) for a 2-inch set, a convention originally created for the ball return mechanisms in coin-operated tables. British pool tables come in 6 × 3 foot (1.8 × 0.9 m) or 7 × 3.5 ft (2.12 × 1.06 m) varieties, with 7 feet being

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1408-433: The numbered solids and stripes found in most pool ball sets), a black eight ball , and the white cue ball. These were introduced to make it easier for spectators to identify the two sets in early professional games held in casinos, and became known as "casino-style" sets. In the years following World War II, playing eight-ball on small coin-operated pool tables became a common pub game in American bars,

1452-405: The opponent ball-in-hand, but the sunk ball remains potted. Scratching on the 7-ball is a loss. Pocketing the 7-ball in any other pocket than one on the called side is a loss. A special 7-ball was designed for television matches by Charles Ursitti ( billiards historian, referee and Willie Mosconi 's one time manager) to more easily distinguish the 7-ball from the 3 on television. The ball adopts

1496-410: The player who broke is automatically assigned the three pockets situated along the opposite long rail. Once that selection is made, balls 1–6 may be pocketed in any pocket in rotation, starting with the one, as the object ball. Balls pocketed via combinations off of the object ball are legal. The 7-ball must be pocketed in player's assigned side to be a legal win. Scratches on any object ball allow

1540-414: The players' nationalities. The term "blackball" is used in this glossary to refer to both blackball and eight-ball pool as played in the UK, as a shorthand. Blackball was chosen because it is less ambiguous ("eight-ball pool" is too easily confused with the international standardized " eight-ball "), and blackball is globally standardized by an International Olympic Committee -recognized governing body ,

1584-413: The predominance of US-originating terminology in most internationally competitive pool (as opposed to snooker ), US terms are also common in the pool context in other countries in which English is at least a minority language, and US (and borrowed French) terms predominate in carom billiards . Similarly, British terms predominate in the world of snooker, English billiards , and blackball , regardless of

1628-486: The professional level, these rules are still in use in some amateur leagues, and are referred to as "Old EPA rules" to distinguish them from later versions. In 1998, the EPA adopted "World Rules", as published by the World Eightball Pool Federation (WEPF). These rules were used at all levels in EPA and WEPF tournaments until 2022, when both organisations adopted "International Rules". In these rules, for

1672-407: The referee. There is a requirement to either pot a ball or hit a cushion after first contact on each shot, meaning it is illegal to "roll up" to a ball. Potting an opponent's ball is a foul. Despite no longer being played at the professional level, these rules remain popular as amateur league rules in the UK, Ireland, Australia, some other Commonwealth countries, and a few European nations. In 2004,

1716-501: The regulation size for league play. The table has pockets just larger than the balls and rounded, as in the game of snooker , whereas the international-style (or "American-style") table has pockets significantly wider, with pointed knuckles . Tournament rules may require the presence of more than one type of rest (mechanical bridge), as in snooker. There are currently two competing standards bodies that have issued standardised rules. The English Pool Association (EPA) uses

1760-412: The rules of the World Eightball Pool Federation (WEPF). Since 2022 the EPA and WEPF have adopted a ruleset known as "International Rules", which are used in all events organised by the Ultimate Pool Group. Prior to 2022 these organisations used a different set of rules known as "World Rules". The English Blackball Pool Federation (EBPF) uses the rules of the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) under

1804-615: The scope of this list, unless they have become an integral part of billiards terminology in English (e.g. massé ), or they are crucial to meaningful discussion of a game not widely known in the English-speaking world. See the Three-ball main article for the game. See the Four-ball billiards main article for the game. See the Nine-ball § Derived games section for

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1848-410: The series Sudden Death Seven-ball , broadcast on the American cable TV network ESPN from 2000 to 2005. Glossary of cue sports terms#rack The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various carom games played on a billiard table without pockets ; pool , which denotes

1892-414: The table for the incoming player, and a "free shot" on the first shot. The incoming player also has the option of moving the cue ball anywhere in the baulk area. Deliberate fouls result in loss of frame, and jump shots and push shots are illegal. There is no requirement to hit a cushion with each shot. Potting an opponent's ball is a foul except in the case of a "free shot". Despite no longer being played at

1936-517: The term in its most generic sense unless otherwise noted. The labels " British " and " UK " as applied to entries in this glossary refer to terms originating in the UK and also used in countries that were fairly recently part of the British Empire and/or are part of the Commonwealth of Nations , as opposed to US (and, often, Canadian ) terminology. The terms "American" or "US" as applied here refer generally to North American usage. However, due to

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