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68-604: (Redirected from Seoul Free Lunch Referendum ) The Seoul Free Lunch Referendum was a referendum held on 24 August 2011, on the subject of free school meals in the schools around the Seoul Metropolitan Area. Then-mayor of Seoul, Oh Se-hoon , proposed to provide a limited free meal service to the 30% of the impoverished children in Seoul, but the Democratic Party proposed to make

136-893: A cereal which is locally available, made in a way that conforms to prevailing local customs. Each child receives milk, and either soup or vegetables cooked as curry . Under the scheme of the Indian government, each primary level student must be provided with 100 grams of food grains each day, along with 20 grams of protein, 50 grams of leafy vegetables and 5 grams of oil and fat. For upper-primary and senior students, they must be provided with 150 grams of food grains, 30 grams of protein, 75 grams of leafy vegetables and 7.5 grams of oil and fat. In accordance with nutritional guidelines, primary level students are given 450 grams of calories and 12 grams of proteins each day and senior and upper-primary level students are given 700 grams of calories and 20 grams of proteins each day. The rice and other graines served during

204-670: A royalist during the American Revolutionary War , he had become distrusted and left for England in 1784. In Munich, Thompson founded the Poor People's Institute which employed both adults and children to make uniforms for the German Army . They were fed and clothed for their work and the children were taught reading, writing and arithmetic. Years later, Thompson would feed 60,000 people a day from his soup kitchen in London . In

272-481: A workplace , or at an outing . The food is usually wrapped in plastic , aluminum foil , or paper and can be carried (" packed ") in a lunch box , paper bag (a " sack "), or plastic bag . While packed lunches are usually taken from home by the people who are going to eat them, in Mumbai, India , tiffin boxes are most often picked up from the home and brought to workplaces later in the day by so-called dabbawallas . It

340-550: A bag of chips , salad or fruit and a bottled drink. Meal deals are a staple of many Western high-street supermarkets and convenience stores; they are generally offered at a deal price and are highly convenient for the busy working person. Some stores are now adding premium meal deal items and salads to their meal deal inventory. Critics, however, criticise the meal deal for increasing the levels of single-use plastic waste in circulation and persuading people to buy more food than they originally intended or wanted - contributing to

408-649: A baked food item made with dates. In April 2012, the State of Osun in Nigeria started a statewide school meals programme for all public elementary school pupils. It is called the O'Meals programme (an acronym for the Osun Elementary School Feeding and Health Programme). As of July 2014, it was providing lunch to over 252,000 children in 100% of Osun's elementary schools. In addition to staples such as rice, beans, and yams served with stews, soups, and vegetables,

476-582: A cafeteria. To make lunches affordable for students, municipalities pay for the labor costs, while parents, who are billed monthly, pay for the ingredients. These typically cost about 250 to 300 yen (about US$ 3) per meal per student. There are reduced-price and free options for poorer families. The daily lunches are designed by nutritionists to provide a balanced yet tasty meal for schoolchildren, working especially to appeal to picky or unhealthy eaters. According to Chico Harlan: Though Japan's central government sets basic nutritional guidelines, regulation

544-441: A canteen where they purchase food and drinks from vendors. School canteens usually offer Malay , Chinese , and Indian foods, with varieties of rice, noodles, and breads. The average Malaysian school canteen offers varieties of Nasi Lemak , Nasi Goreng , Chicken Rice , Popiah , and Laksa . School canteens sell food and drinks at reduced prices. Underprivileged students can apply for the free-food program – which, depending on

612-416: A daily basis, typically several times a day. Special meals are usually held in conjunction with such occasions as birthdays , weddings , anniversaries , and holidays . A meal is different from a snack in that meals are generally larger, more varied, and more filling than snacks. The type of food that is served or consumed at any given time depends on regional customs. Three main meals are often eaten in

680-526: A degree of assistance with costs. Lower-cost meals are available to students in such countries as France , Italy , Hong Kong , Japan , Portugal , and the United States . In some programs, meals are made available for purchase in school cafeterias/canteens at full price. For example, in the United States, students who do not qualify for reduced price lunches can still purchase food at the full price. In

748-609: A dessert; and a dish (such as daikon ) that changed daily. Other dishes included inexpensive protein such as stewed bean dishes, fried white fish , and, until the 1970s, whale meat . Provisions of rice were introduced in 1976, following a surplus of government-distributed Japanese rice, and became increasingly frequent during the 1980s. Hamburg steak , stew and Japanese curry became staples as well. As of 2004, 99% of elementary school students and 82% of junior high school students in Japan ate kyūshoku (school lunch). The food

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816-420: A formal meal the breakfast can be given to the recipient in a basket or hamper. Variations of breakfasts across countries and cuisines Refer to this Misplaced Pages Breakfast page for a list of countries and continents and their variations of breakfast. The cuisine articles linked in the breakfast page regarding each countries and continents cuisine may display variations of breakfast more thoroughly. Lunch

884-545: A free school meal program in the United States found that providing free meals to elementary and middle school children in areas characterized by high food insecurity led to better school discipline among the students. As of 2022 in England, 20.8% of the 8.9 million pupils attending schools in 2020–21 are known to be eligible for free school meals. Free school meals available for all students are also called Universal school meals. Sweden , Finland , Estonia and India are among

952-497: A large range of preparations and ingredients are associated with breakfast globally. A full breakfast is a breakfast meal, usually including bacon , sausages , eggs , and a variety of other cooked foods, with hot beverages such as coffee or tea, or cold beverages such as juice or milk. It is especially popular in the UK and Ireland, to the extent that many cafés and pubs offer the meal at any time of day as an "all-day breakfast". It

1020-508: A national school food program. A 2021 study of school meal programs across Canada estimated that these programs are found in about 35% of JK–12 schools, with a minimum of 1,018,323 or 21% of students in the country receiving free breakfasts, lunches, and/or snacks. There is considerable diversity in the design of these programs across Canada's provinces and territories. Though non-profit entities implement these programs, governments contributed over Can$ 93 million in 2018/19. School lunches at

1088-445: A noon-time meal, particularly if it is a large or main meal. For example, Sunday dinner is the name used for a large meal served after the family returned home from the morning's church services, and often based on meat that roasted while the family was out, and this term is still often used to signify that Sunday dinner is special even if no longer preceded by attendance at church. The evening meal can be called tea when dinner, which

1156-699: A pasta dish), secondo (the "second" course, e.g., fish or meat), usually accompanied by a contorno (a side dish), and dolce ("sweets", or dessert). Many traditions conclude a formal meal with coffee, sometimes accompanied with spirits, either separate or mixed in the coffee. Meal preparation , sometimes called "meal prep," is the process of planning and preparing meals. It generally involves food preparation, including cooking, sometimes together with preparing table decorations, drinks etc Preparing food for eating generally requires selection, measurement and combination of ingredients in an ordered procedure so as to achieve desired results. Food preparation includes but

1224-789: A political compromise. To avoid further conflict between the senate and the administration, the USDA has tolerated exemptions pertaining to the whole grain standard and allowed schools to do what they find necessary to finding a more fitting solution. Vending machines in schools are also a major source of food for students. Under pressure from parents and anti-obesity advocates, many school districts moved to ban sodas , junk foods, and candy from vending machines and cafeterias. Various laws have also been passed to limit foods sold in school vending machines. With increasing concern over traditional vending machines in schools, healthier vending options have gained popularity and are steadily being adopted by schools around

1292-612: A reduced (government-subsidized) price, to the children of low-income families. Those who do not qualify for free or reduced price are charged a nominal fee. School lunches must meet over the course of one week the applicable recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans , which were criticized for high sugar limits. These guidelines state that no more than 30 percent of an individual's calories should come from fat, and less than 10 percent from saturated fat . Regulations also state that school lunches must provide one-third of

1360-464: A region that is deemed food insecure or lower income), school-based (targeting schools with a population of generally poor students), or based on individual characteristics (targeting students based on their household income, ethnic status, or other individual traits). Across different settings and school meal programs, many different approaches are used when targeting school meals. Reduced price meals are also available in some countries to those who need

1428-595: A social safety net. Especially in developed countries , school meals are structured to encourage healthy eating habits. School meal programs can also be aimed at supporting the domestic or local agricultural sector. The first school lunches were thought to be served in 1790 in Munich, Germany , by an American-born physicist, Benjamin Thompson , also known as Count Rumford. Thompson had spent his early days in New England , but as

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1496-513: A staple food, usually rice . In impoverished rural areas, students' access to nutritious food is limited. The government has funded "nutritious lunch" schemes in rural public schools to combat malnutrition . Government data from June 2017 indicated that 48% of schools were unable to fully meet recommended nutrition standards. School meals are provided for free at public schools in India. The roots of India's school meal program can be traced back to

1564-647: A variety of foods as well as beverages. To cater to the many races, religions, and cultures in Singapore, canteens often offer a range of cuisines, like Chinese, Indian, Malay, and Western foods. To encourage healthier eating habits among children, the Health Promotion Board of Singapore launched the Healthy Eating in Schools Programme, which gives an award to schools which serve healthy meals. To receive

1632-469: Is a breakfast served with champagne or sparkling wine . It is a new concept in some countries and is not typical of the role of a breakfast. It may be part of any day or outing considered particularly luxurious or indulgent . The accompanying breakfast is sometimes of a similarly high standard and include rich foods such as salmon , caviar , chocolate or pastries , which would not ordinarily be eaten at breakfast or more courses. Instead of as

1700-542: Is a breakfast, lunch, or evening meal) is a meal provided to students and sometimes teachers at a school , typically in the middle or beginning of the school day. Countries around the world offer various kinds of school meal programs , and altogether, these are among the world's largest social safety nets . An estimated 380 million school children around the world receive meals (or snacks or take-home rations) at their respective schools. The extent of school feeding coverage varies from country to country, and as of 2020,

1768-551: Is a federal nutrition assistance program operating in over 101,000 public schools, non-profit private schools, and residential care institutions. It is regulated and administered at the federal level by the Food and Nutrition Service of the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The program provides "nutritionally balanced meals" at low or no cost to more than 31 million children each school day. Since its inception,

1836-496: Is a meal typically eaten at midday; it varies in size by culture and region. The word lunch is an abbreviation for luncheon , whose origin relates to a small snack originally eaten at any time of the day or night. During the 20th century the meaning in English gradually narrowed to a small or mid-sized meal eaten at midday. Lunch is commonly the second meal of the day after breakfast . Significant variations exist in different areas of

1904-706: Is also popular in other English-speaking countries. In the different parts of the United Kingdom like in England it is usually referred to as a 'full English breakfast' (often shortened to 'full English') or 'fry-up'. Other regional variants across the UK include the 'full Scottish'in Scotland , 'full Welsh' in Wales , and the 'Ulster fry' in Northern Ireland . The full breakfast

1972-422: Is also possible to buy packed lunches from stores in several countries. Lunch boxes made out of metal , plastic or vinyl are now popular with today's youth. Lunch boxes provide a way to take heavier lunches in a sturdier box or bag. It is also environmentally friendly . Another variation of lunch is the meal deal, this is a meal often bought from a store and contains the following: a sandwich or pastry ,

2040-571: Is among the most internationally recognised British dishes , along with such staples as bangers & mash , shepherd's pie , fish and chips and the Christmas dinner . The full breakfast became popular in the British Isles during the Victorian era, and appeared as one among many suggested breakfasts in the home economist Isabella Beeton 's The Book of Household Management (1861). A full breakfast

2108-540: Is generally the largest of the day, is eaten in the middle of the day. A full-course dinner is a dinner consisting of multiple dishes, or courses. In its simplest, English-based form, it can consist of three to five courses, such as appetizers, fish course, entrée, main course and dessert. The traditional courses and their order vary by culture. In the Italian meal structure , there are traditionally four formal courses: antipasto (appetizers), primo (the "first" course, e.g.,

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2176-475: Is grown locally, is almost never frozen, and (barring dietary restrictions) is the same for every student. Children in most districts cannot bring their own meals to school until they reach high school, nor do schools have vending machines; instead, children are taught to eat what they are served. In both elementary school and middle school , students put on white coats and caps and serve their classmates, who then all eat together in their classrooms instead of in

2244-438: Is not limited to cooking. Cooking or cookery is the art , technology and craft of preparing food for consumption with the use of heat. Cooking techniques and ingredients vary widely across the world , from grilling food over an open fire to using electric stoves, to baking in various types of ovens, reflecting unique environmental, economic, and cultural traditions and trends. The ways or types of cooking also depend on

2312-636: Is often contrasted (e.g. on hotel menus) with the lighter alternative of a Continental breakfast , traditionally consisting of tea, milk or coffee and fruit juices with bread, croissants , or pastries . " Instant breakfast " typically refers to breakfast food products that are manufactured in a powdered form, which are generally prepared with the addition of milk and then consumed as a beverage . Some instant breakfasts are produced and marketed in liquid form, being pre-mixed. The target market for instant breakfast products includes consumers who tend to be busy, such as working adults. A champagne breakfast

2380-873: Is surprisingly minimal. Not every meal has to meet precise caloric guidelines......Central government officials say they have ultimate authority to step in if schools are serving unhealthy food, but they can't think of any examples where that actually happened. ... And because this is food-obsessed Japan, those standard meals are restaurant-worthy; in fact, Adachi Ward publishes a full-color cookbook based on its best school meals. [However,] Japanese cuisine isn't automatically healthy; it includes crispy chicken, rich bowls of salty ramen with pork belly and battered and deep-fried tempura . But, like most cuisines, it can be healthy. ... You don't see dessert, other than fruit and yogurt. You occasionally see fried food, but in stark moderation. In most Malaysian schools, regardless of whether they are public or private schools, students eat in

2448-839: Is the first meal of a day, most often eaten in the early morning before undertaking the day's work. Some believe it to be the most important meal of the day. The word breakfast literally refers to breaking the fasting period of the prior night. Breakfast foods vary widely from place to place, but often include carbohydrates such as grains or cereals, fruit, vegetables, protein foods like eggs , meat or fish, and beverages such as tea , coffee , milk , or fruit juice , juices often taken first of all. Coffee, milk, tea, juice, breakfast cereals , pancakes , waffles , sausages , French toast , bacon , sweetened breads , fresh fruits, vegetables, eggs , baked beans , muffins , crumpets and toast with butter , margarine , jam or marmalade are common examples of Western breakfast foods, though

2516-567: The Recommended Dietary Allowances of protein, vitamin A , vitamin C , iron , calcium , and calories. Since the Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010 Michelle Obama has advocated for the importance of healthy school lunches. Schools were having difficulty enforcing nutrition values in fear of being wasteful because children are no longer eating their lunches. The amount of fruits and vegetables, whole grains and sodium levels were

2584-465: The United Kingdom , significant changes have been made since school meals were introduced in the 19th century by Elizabeth Burgwin and others. The first National School Meals Policy was published across the United Kingdom in 1941. The Policy set the first nutritional guidelines for school lunches, requiring balanced meals which include the appropriate levels of protein , fat , and calories . In

2652-492: The United States , there was a social inequality gap during the industrial era , and there was room for improvement in all realms of education. Philadelphia and Boston were the first two cities to institute school lunches in the U.S. Organizations such as Women's Education and the Starr Center Association began serving hot meals to students for a cost that was affordable for most. Soon after, teachers started to notice

2720-654: The White Revolution . The reforms' long-term goal was to transform Iran into a global economic and industrial power. The White Revolution consisted of 19 elements that were introduced over a period of 15 years. In 1975, the Shah started a program for 'Free and Compulsory Education and a daily free meal' for all children from kindergarten to 14 years of age. It provided one-third of a pint of free milk to all children in Iran, as well as pistachios , fresh fruit, and biscuits. In Japan ,

2788-734: The manifesto of the All Progressives Congress (APC) advocated for the adoption of a nationwide free meal plan. Since he became president , Muhammadu Buhari has made the implementation of this policy one of his foremost priorities. A national School Meals programme is the subject of a budgetary proposal before the National Assembly . Also, the government of Kaduna State has implemented a school feeding programme. There are serveral non-profit organizations dedicated to student nutrition. In 2024, prime minister Justin Trudeau announced

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2856-436: The 1800s was usually just toast or some variation of gruel or porridge and the main meal was dinner. Peasants (which were the majority in every country) had dinner around noon, after six or seven hours of work. Then, in the late 1700s and the 1800s, people began to work farther from home, and the midday meal had to become something light, just whatever they could carry to work (lunch). They began to eat dinner (the main meal) in

2924-616: The GNP, Hong Jun-pyo, expressed his personal opinion that over 25% of the voting rate is enough to support the GNP for the 2012 presidential election. See also [ edit ] 2011 South Korean by-elections References [ edit ] ^ Jung (정), Gi-cheol (기철) (2010-10-22). ‘친환경 무상급식’ 해결기미 가물가물 . Asia Today (in Korean) . Retrieved 2011-09-24 . ^ Kim (김), Pul-ip (풀잎) (2011-08-24). 무상급식 주민투표 결과…투표율 25.7%에 무산 ‘오세훈 거취 주목’ . 아츠뉴스 사회 (in Korean). Archived from

2992-808: The Program has expanded substantially. It now includes the School Breakfast Program , the Snack Program, a Child and Adult Care Food Program , and the Summer Food Service Program . At the State level, the National School Lunch Program is usually administered by state education agencies, which operate the program through agreements with school food authorities. School meal programs in the United States provide meals free of charge, or at

3060-648: The United Arab Emirates, all food in school cafeterias is available for purchase, though prices reflect only the cost of the food itself. School meals can be cooked in a kitchen (whether in each school or in a centralized kitchen, with the cooked food then delivered to individual schools). School meals can also be uncooked, serving cold sandwiches or packaged biscuits. For example, the National School Nutrition Program in Egypt serves only Ma'amoul ,

3128-737: The aggregate coverage rate worldwide is estimated to be 27% (and 40% specifically for primary school-age children). The objectives and benefits of school meals vary. In developing countries , school meals provide food security at times of crisis and help children to become healthy and productive adults , thus helping to break the cycle of poverty and hunger . They can address micronutrient deficiencies by serving diverse foods or including fortified foods. They also serve as an incentive to send children to school and continue their education, and they can be leveraged specifically to reduce barriers to schooling for girls. When school meals are targeted toward low-income or vulnerable children, they serve as

3196-439: The award, schools must reduce the sugar content in drinks and desserts, serve fewer deep-fried and fatty foods, and include two servings of greens in their meals. South Korea has provided free school lunches to low-income students since the 1980s at the primary and secondary school levels. Meal Although they can be eaten anywhere, meals typically take place in homes, restaurants, and cafeterias. Regular meals occur on

3264-679: The benefits for students – both mentally and physically. The federal government was not involved until the Great Depression (1920s), when farmers and labors were not doing well financially and the school lunch program was a solution that benefited everyone. In recent years, school districts have faced government or community pressure to change the foods served in schools. The addition of vegan school meal options and Meatless Mondays are examples of these changes. Free school meals can be universal school meals for all students or limited by income-based criteria, which can vary by country. A study of

3332-492: The country." The permanent National School Lunch Program was created in 1946, with the National School Lunch Act . This legislation won rural support because it removed surplus food from the market and thus raised prices paid to farmers. Congress intended these meals to promote and protect child nutrition, while also supporting the consumption of American farm products. Today, the National School Lunch Program

3400-406: The evening. Throughout history, meals were normally communal affairs. People got together, shared the food, and perhaps talked over the day. In the 21st century, an increasing number of adults in developed countries eat most or all of their meals alone. Although more people are eating alone, research suggests that many people do not consider a "meal" a solo act, but rather commensal dining. It

3468-635: The few countries which provide universal school meals to all pupils in compulsory education , regardless of their ability to pay. In India , where all Government School students are provided with free lunches through the Midday Meal Scheme , staple foods are provided along with free education. Several states in the US offer universal school meals. School meals can also be targeted, often toward students who are poor or otherwise vulnerable. Such targeting can be geographic (providing school meals in all schools with

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3536-440: The free meal service to every child in Seoul starting from younger elementary school children and gradually to middle school children. This has become the cause of Oh Se-hoon's action to make the final decision of the policy through a referendum. The referendum was later rejected due to the low voter turnout of 25.7%, significantly lower than the required turnout of 33.3%. The low voting rate contributed Oh Se-hoon's resignation from

3604-411: The growing obesity crisis . Dinner usually refers to a significant and important meal of the day, which can be the noon or the evening meal. However, the term dinner can have many different meanings depending on the culture; it may mean a meal of any size eaten at any time of the day. Historically, it referred to the first large meal of the day, eaten around noon, and is still sometimes used for

3672-402: The mayoralty of Seoul. Issues [ edit ] The Democratic Party called the referendum and Oh Se-hoon's action unjust because the free school lunch in Seoul for a year costs 69.5 billion won while the referendum costs around 12 billion won. The Grand National Party , Oh Se-hoon's political party of affiliation, considered Oh's defeat in a different perspective. The Chairperson of

3740-414: The midday meal is fortified with nutrients such as iron, vitamin B 12 and folate. Children in private schools usually carry their own lunch boxes . Many schools also have canteens, and street food vendors can often be found in front of school campuses. In the 1960s, Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi had intended a non-violent regeneration of Iranian society through economic and social reforms called

3808-454: The morning, early afternoon, and evening in most modern civilizations. Further, the names of meals are often interchangeable by custom as well. Some serve dinner as the main meal at midday, with supper as the late afternoon/early evening meal; while others may call their midday meal lunch and their early evening meal supper or dinner. Except for "breakfast," these names can vary from region to region or even from family to family. Breakfast

3876-452: The nation. Marketing for such "healthy vending machines" states that they allow students to perform better in school while also attaining better health. A typical school lunch in the People's Republic of China includes staple food , meat diet , vegetable dish , and each school has different kind of dishes. Students can choose between two and three dishes according to their preferences, with

3944-558: The national level began as a temporary New Deal project in 1933. By 1935 it was run by the WPA in 1935–1942, as a way to employ the unemployed, feed hungry children, and reduce crop surpluses. It was ended in World War II when the WPA closed. In 1937 the WPA reported, "In the past year and a half 80,000,000 hot well-balanced meals have been served at the rate of 500,000 daily in 10,000 schools throughout

4012-662: The original on 2012-03-26 . Retrieved 2011-09-24 . ^ "Seoul Mayor Steps Down After Losing School Lunch Referendum" . VOA News. 25 August 2011 . Retrieved 16 July 2023 . ^ Jang (장), Yeon-ju (연주) (2011-01-11). 695억 막으려고 120억 써버린다?... 오세훈의 ‘무리수’ . 헤럴드경제 (in Korean). ^ Hwang (황), Bang-yeol (방열) (2011-08-25). '식물시장' 오세훈 승리? 정신 못차린 청와대 . OhmyNews (in Korean) . Retrieved 2011-09-24 . ^ Cho (조), Hyeon-cheol (현철) (2011-08-24). 한나라·청와대 "사실상 승리" 주장 . Kyunghyang Shinmun (in Korean) . Retrieved 2011-09-24 . External links [ edit ] Official website of

4080-698: The pre-independence era, when a mid day meal programme was introduced in 1925 in Madras Corporation by the British administration. This was one of the oldest free food programmes for schoolchildren. In 1975, the Indian government created the Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) programme. Under the Midday Meal Scheme , government high schools and partially aided schools, along with Anganwadis , provide midday meals to students. As of 2022,

4148-403: The program has economically empowered over 3,000 previously unemployed women by hiring them as food vendors[.] All food items are sourced locally from farmers and others on the supply chain, enhancing employment within the state. Addressing child malnutrition has raised students' academic performance, and has increased school enrollment by 24% compared to figures from before April 2012. In 2015,

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4216-644: The programme provides daily fruits. Its estimated cost is N 50 (US$ 0.31) per child per day. According to a report on O'Meals' benefits: Within four weeks of the O'Meals launch, school enrollment increase[d] by approximately 25%. According to the Nigerian National Bureau of Statistics July 2013 edition, Osun has the highest primary school enrollment rates in Nigeria – a feat largely attributable to O'Meals. [Additionally,] O'Meals promotes and boosts income generation opportunities, particularly for women. To date,

4284-780: The referendum (in Korean) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2011_Seoul_free_lunch_referendum&oldid=1251591191 " Categories : Lee Myung-bak Government 2011 in South Korea 2011 referendums Referendums in South Korea 2010s in Seoul August 2011 events in South Korea Hidden categories: CS1 uses Korean-language script (ko) CS1 Korean-language sources (ko) Articles with Korean-language sources (ko) Free school meal A school meal (whether it

4352-731: The school, is either sponsored by the school's parent–teacher association or by the Ministry of Education . Low-income students may also be eligible for the School Milk Program, which is funded by milk companies and non-governmental organizations . School meals in the Philippines appear to be relatively simplistic, consisting mainly of rice, meat, and gravy . School meals in most Singaporean primary and secondary schools, as well as junior colleges , are provided in each school's canteen (or tuckshop). The canteens consist of stalls which sell

4420-418: The skill and type of training an individual cook has. Cooking is done both by people in their own dwellings and by professional cooks and chefs in restaurants and other food establishments. Cooking can also occur through chemical reactions without the presence of heat, most notably with ceviche , a traditional South American dish where fish is cooked with the acids in lemon or lime juice. Breakfast before

4488-502: The total cost of providing free meals to students in India is ₹ 22,000 crore (US$ 2.6 billion) of which 60% is paid by the federal government and 40% is paid by the states. By 1998, India had deployed the National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education (NP-NSPE) scheme. During the 2013–2014 school year, the scheme covered 104 million children in 1.16 million schools. A single afternoon lunch usually contains

4556-748: The tradition of providing school lunches started in the early 20th century. After World War II , which brought near- famine conditions to the country, the Japanese government re-introduced school lunches in urban areas. School lunch was extended to all elementary schools in Japan in 1952. With the enactment of the School Lunch Law in 1954, school meals were extended to junior high schools as well. These early lunches initially included items such as bread, bread rolls, and skimmed milk powder (replaced in 1958 by milk bottles and cartons). Later, lunches were expanded to include flour donated by an American charity ;

4624-522: The world. In some parts of the UK it can be called dinner or lunch, with the last meal called tea. A packed lunch (also called pack lunch , sack lunch or bag lunch in North America , or packed lunch in the United Kingdom , as well as the regional variations: bagging in Lancashire , Merseyside and Yorkshire , ) is a lunch prepared at home and carried to be eaten somewhere else, such as school,

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