An upper division college or university is one that requires applicants to have already completed their first two years of undergraduate study at another institution. These institutions traces their roots to educational ideas put forward in the late 19th and early 20th century. They were developed primarily in the United States during the 1960s in response to the growing number of community college students seeking to continue their education.
24-400: In the late 19th and early 20th century, educational leaders such as William R. Harper and David Starr Jordan sought to separate the preparatory portion of college studies from "real" university work undertaken in the third and fourth years of study. Jordan, then president of Stanford University , proposed splitting the institution into two parts in 1907 to reach this goal, however changes in
48-473: A copy of every book and journal published by the University of Chicago Press to the libraries of the affiliated schools at no cost. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice. Several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it required uncompensated additional labor from them and cheapened Chicago's academic reputation. After Harper's death in 1906,
72-650: A degree on any graduating senior from an affiliated school who made a grade of A for all four years and on any other graduate who took twelve weeks additional study at the University of Chicago. A student or faculty member of an affiliated school was entitled to free tuition at the University of Chicago, and Chicago students were eligible to attend an affiliated school on the same terms and receive credit for their work. The University of Chicago also agreed to provide affiliated schools with books and scientific apparatus and supplies at cost; to provide special instructors and lecturers without cost except travel expenses; and to provide
96-686: A full university setting. Many of the students seeking to transfer from a community college desired a full college experience, including electives and extra-curricular activities. The inability to reach a large critical mass prevented the upper division colleges from competing effectively with four year colleges. Some upper-division colleges such as the City University of New York 's Richmond College merged with community colleges, while others such as Florida Atlantic and SUNY Institute of Technology opened their doors to freshman and sophomore undergraduates. As of 2009 very few upper-division colleges remain in
120-643: The Religious Education Association . While at University of Chicago, Harper chaired a mayoral commission responsible for reorganizing Chicago Public Schools and standardizing the system's curriculum. Harper, being opposed to the employment of women as teachers (which had resulted from the reforms of Horace Mann ), moved to block a raise for female teachers and encourage the selective hiring of men. (When female teachers complained about this, Harper replied that they should be glad they earned as much as his wife's maid.) The ensuing dispute contributed to
144-527: The California secondary school system halted this proposal. In 1914 Frank Johnson Goodnow became president of Johns Hopkins University and proposed eliminating the bachelor's degree by cutting the first two years of undergraduate work. Called the Goodnow Plan or New Plan, students would have entered Hopkins after two years of study in other universities and would have worked toward an advanced degree, bypassing
168-607: The Pacific in Stockton , California, which operated as an upper-division college between 1935 and 1951, before becoming the University of the Pacific in 1961. This was done as part of a plan to reduce costs and increase enrollment by subletting college facilities to a high school which assumed public junior college status and funding. However, disagreements between the College of the Pacific and
192-482: The United States, with almost all merging with community colleges or converting to four year status. (formerly known as Resurrection University) William R. Harper William Rainey Harper (July 24, 1856 – January 10, 1906) was an American academic leader, an accomplished semiticist , and Baptist clergyman. Harper helped to establish both the University of Chicago and Bradley University and served as
216-577: The University of Chicago. William Rainey Harper College , a community college located in Palatine, Illinois , honors him. He is also the namesake of Harper High School and Harper Avenue in Chicago . An elementary school in Cleveland is named for him as well. Semiticist Semitic studies , or Semitology , is the academic field dedicated to the studies of Semitic languages and literatures and
240-436: The affiliated junior college, as well as accreditation issues resulting from the arrangement, led to the abandonment of the experiment in 1951. The first college founded as an upper division college was University of Michigan–Flint , which was founded in 1956 as Flint College, however it converted to four year status in 1965 as a result of changes in the development of the region. Another notable early upper division college
264-618: The age of fourteen, he graduated from Muskingum College. [1] In 1872, Harper enrolled in Yale University to begin his postgraduate studies, and he completed his PhD there in 1875. Harper quickly assumed a series of faculty positions, including ones at the Masonic College in Macon, Tennessee , Denison University and Yale University. Throughout his academic life, Harper wrote numerous textbooks. A strong supporter of lifelong learning, Harper
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#1732859060308288-510: The bachelor's degree. Upper division colleges were first established as mainstream institutions in the 1950s in the United States as a means to respond to the need for educated professionals to assist in the space race . While earlier efforts had been undertaken at the University of Georgia in 1858, they failed due to the onset of the Civil War . The first upper division college was the College of
312-513: The best scholars of all disciplines to the university. Harper founded the nation's first departments of Egyptology and sociology at Chicago and established the University of Chicago Press . He also instituted the nation's first extension school, enabling those who worked during the day to attend classes at night and on weekends. Harper is also attributed with first organizing the academic quarter system on behalf of John D. Rockefeller in 1891. One of Harper's ideas, that many would benefit by taking
336-532: The first president of both institutions. Harper was born on July 24, 1856, in New Concord , to parents of Irish-Scottish ancestry. Very early in his life, Harper displayed skills years ahead of other children of his age, and he was labeled a child prodigy . By the age of eight, Harper began preparing for college -level courses. At the age of ten he enrolled in Muskingum College in his native New Concord. At
360-437: The first two years of college in their hometowns, led to the founding of American community colleges . In the 1890s, Harper, fearful that the vast resources of the University of Chicago would injure smaller schools by drawing away good students, established an affiliation program with several regional colleges and universities, including Des Moines College , Kalamazoo College , Butler College , and Stetson University . Under
384-530: The history of the Semitic-speaking peoples. A person may be called a Semiticist or a Semitist , both terms being equivalent. It includes Assyriology , Arabic , Hebraist , Syriacist , Mandaean , and Ethiopian studies, as well as comparative studies of Semitic languages aiming at the reconstruction of Proto-Semitic . This philology -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Semitic languages -related article
408-599: The organizing of the Chicago Teachers Federation , the precursor to the Chicago Teachers Union . In 1896, Harper assisted Lydia Moss Bradley in founding Bradley Polytechnic Institute in Peoria, Illinois . Now known as Bradley University, Harper served as its first president. Harper died on January 10, 1906, of cancer at age 49. He and his wife are interred at Rockefeller Memorial Chapel on campus at
432-480: The program was gradually discontinued, and it had passed into history by 1910. With his background as a Semiticist and Baptist clergyman, Harper believed that the University's programs should include religious study. Accordingly, he arranged for the Baptist Theological Union Seminary to relocate from Morgan Park and become the University of Chicago Divinity School . In 1903 Harper founded
456-447: The terms of the affiliation, the schools were required to have courses of study comparable to those at the University of Chicago; to notify the University early of any contemplated faculty appointments or dismissals; to make no faculty appointment without the University of Chicago's approval; and to send copies of examinations to the University for suggestions and improvements prior to distribution. The University of Chicago agreed to confer
480-402: The time saw the widespread development of upper division schools, in the same way community colleges had expanded in the prior decades. By the 1980s and 1990s, many states began to move away from the upper-division model. Despite concerns of crowding out of community colleges, it was felt that offering only the upper-level courses resulted in a poor public image and prevented the establishment of
504-434: Was Florida Atlantic University , which opened in 1964 and served third and fourth year undergraduate students, as well as graduate students. Later, in 1984, Florida Atlantic expanded to include first and second year undergraduates and ceased to be an upper division college. At the time they were created, upper division colleges were seen as a way to better manage community resources and provide opportunities for students. It
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#1732859060308528-545: Was also involved with the Chautauqua Institution in Chautauqua, New York , and its academic programs starting in 1883. William Rainey Harper married Ella Paul Harper in 1875. They were the parents of three sons, Samuel Northrup, Paul, and Donald, and one daughter, Davida. In 1891, John D. Rockefeller selected thirty-five-year-old Harper to assist in organizing the University of Chicago , and shortly thereafter, he
552-415: Was selected as the university's first president . Harper also had expert knowledge of every department of education as well as business acumen, and he was a very powerful public speaker. In hiring the faculty of the new university and selecting its students, Harper set standards quite high. Harper elevated the salaries of the faculty members above those of ordinary schoolteachers, and by doing so attracted
576-429: Was thought that separating the upper division from the lower division of coursework would improve the relationship between undergraduate and graduate programs. Additionally, some believed that by creating 2+2 programs between community colleges and upper division colleges, students could continue their education without the state needing to expand existing community colleges into full four year colleges. Some commentators at
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