64-470: Sengkang Sports Centre ( Chinese : 盛港体育休闲中心 ; pinyin : Shènggǎng tǐyù xiūxián zhōngxīn ; Malay : Pusat Sukan dan Rekreasi Sengkang ; Tamil : விளையாட்டு மற்றும் பொழுதுபோக்கு மையம் ), formerly known as Sengkang Sports and Recreation Centre, is a sports complex in Anchorvale of Sengkang New Town , Singapore , near Farmway LRT station . It was scheduled to open in end 2007, but its inauguration
128-412: A dance studio and a gymnasium , which is in the indoor sport hall with the badminton courts. The sports centre also includes a two-pitch hockey stadium, which was used as a competition venue for hockey during the 2010 Summer Youth Olympics . The sports complex is linked to Sengkang Floating Wetland on Sungei Punggol . People can take part in water sports and other activities. A park connector ,
192-432: A multi-media room, a tea arts room, playrooms, a large multi-purpose hall, a reading and study area, and a roof terrace . There is also space for retail , a riverfront café and eating outlets. The indoor sports hall accommodates 12 badminton courts and can also be used for basketball and volleyball . Retractable seating, which allows flexible use of the hall, can seat 200 spectators. Other indoor facilities include
256-639: A Public Utilities Board was first introduced in 1961 when industrialisation was driving up the country's demand for power. However, it was only in 1 May 1963 that the statutory board came into force. Prior to its reconstitution as the National Water Agency on 1 April 2001, the PUB was previously under the Ministry of Trade and Industry where it facilitated the supply of electricity, water and gas in Singapore. Today,
320-443: A component—either a character or a sub-component called a radical —usually involves either a reduction in its total number of strokes , or an apparent streamlining of which strokes are chosen in what places—for example, the ⼓ ' WRAP ' radical used in the traditional character 沒 is simplified to ⼏ ' TABLE ' to form the simplified character 没 . By systematically simplifying radicals, large swaths of
384-752: A continuous landscaped pavement for pedestrians and cyclists , runs beside the riverbank, connecting all the facilities. Anchorvale Community Club has adopted the Sungei Punggol under the Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources ' and Public Utilities Board 's Active, Beautiful and Clean (ABC) Waters Programme, and takes the lead in protecting the natural environment of the river . The public swimming pools in Sengkang Sports Centre started operation from 1 August 2008. Located at 57 Anchorvale Road, Singapore 544964, Sengkang Swimming Complex, it
448-434: A conversion table. While exercising such derivation, the following rules should be observed: Sample Derivations : The Series One List of Variant Characters reduces the number of total standard characters. First, amongst each set of variant characters sharing identical pronunciation and meaning, one character (usually the simplest in form) is elevated to the standard character set, and the rest are made obsolete. Then amongst
512-403: A day (136,000 cubic meters) and is one of the region's largest seawater reverse-osmosis plants. During the pretreatment process, suspended particles in the sea water are removed. The water then undergoes reverse osmosis ; the same technology used in the production of NEWater . The pure desalinated water is then blended with treated water before it is supplied to homes and industries. Today, with
576-437: A day, with homes and non-domestic sectors consumption forming 45% and 55% of the demand respectively, and expected to double by 2060. PUB is set to meet 80% of this demand through its NEWater and desalination technologies. PUB's watershed management and treatment processes has ensured a continuous supply of clean and quality water for Singaporeans over the last four decades. The nation's clean and drinkable 'tap water' across
640-910: A dynamic, efficient and sustainable water supply system stemming from four different sources, also known as the Four National Taps. The Four National Taps form the backbone of PUB's, and in turn Singapore's, water management strategy. Singapore's rainwater is collected and stored in 17 reservoirs using an extensive network of drains, rivers and canals. The 17 reservoirs for rainwater collection are Pandan Reservoir , Kranji Reservoir , Jurong Lake , MacRitchie Reservoir , Upper Peirce Reservoir , Lower Peirce Reservoir , Bedok Reservoir , Upper Seletar Reservoir , Lower Seletar Reservoir , Poyan Reservoir , Murai Reservoir , Tengeh Reservoir , Sarimbun Reservoir , Pulau Tekong Reservoir , Marina Reservoir , Serangoon Reservoir and Punggol Reservoir . PUB makes use of online sensors and sampling methods to monitor
704-407: A few revised forms, and was implemented for official use by China's State Council on 5 June 2013. In Chinese, simplified characters are referred to by their official name 简化字 ; jiǎnhuàzì , or colloquially as 简体字 ; jiǎntǐzì . The latter term refers broadly to all character variants featuring simplifications of character form or structure, a practice which has always been present as
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#1732858883758768-599: A newly coined phono-semantic compound : Removing radicals Only retaining single radicals Replacing with ancient forms or variants : Adopting ancient vulgar variants : Readopting abandoned phonetic-loan characters : Copying and modifying another traditional character : Based on 132 characters and 14 components listed in Chart 2 of the Complete List , the 1,753 derived characters found in Chart 3 can be created by systematically simplifying components using Chart 2 as
832-568: A part of the Chinese writing system. The official name tends to refer to the specific, systematic set published by the Chinese government, which includes not only simplifications of individual characters, but also a substantial reduction in the total number of characters through the merger of formerly distinct forms. According to Chinese palaeographer Qiu Xigui , the broadest trend in the evolution of Chinese characters over their history has been simplification, both in graphical shape ( 字形 ; zìxíng ),
896-577: A robust water system. NEWater is a term invented by PUB. It is a high-quality reclaimed water which is purified using advanced membrane and ultraviolet germicidal irradiation . It is scientifically tested to have surpassed the World Health Organization 's requirements for safe drinking water. In 2021, NEWater was able to meet 40% of Singapore's need and demand for water. Despite NEWater being tested safe for potable use, PUB blends NEWater with raw reservoir water so that it will undergo
960-587: A strategy to improve business operational processes. From 2015, bulk consumers of water, with businesses using more than 60,000 cubic metres of water in the previous year will be required to install water meters to monitor water usage. These businesses will also have to submit their WEMP to PUB annually for the next 3 years to ensure adherence to the requirement. PUB has been awarded the Pinnacle Award in 2007 in recognition for its loyal and continued commitment to Community Chest. PUB's employees have been supporting
1024-621: A sustainable and efficient water supply for Singapore. It has also been known as the National Water Agency, after it stopped facilitating the supply of electricity and gas. During the colonial period and up to 1961, the supply of water in Singapore was managed by the Municipal Water Department under the guidance of the Municipal Engineer. Three reservoirs in Singapore are named after notable Municipal Engineers James MacRitchie , Robert Peirce and David J. Murnane . The idea of
1088-506: A sustainable and efficient water supply in Singapore . PUB regulates and oversees the country's entire water supply system, which comprises the water catchment systems, drainage systems, water works, pipeline network, water reclamation plants and sewage systems. In April 2020, PUB was also appointed Singapore's National Coastal Protection Agency. The nation's demand for water is about 400 million imperial gallons (1.8 × 10 ^ m )
1152-476: A synthetic soccer field and hockey pitch currently used for training by the National Singapore Hockey Team as well as Sengkang Secondary School, the pitch comes up to 12,000 square metres (129,170 square feet). The four-storey Anchorvale Community Club is the first community centre in Singapore to be built next to a river and co-located with a sports complex. The available facilities include
1216-440: Is actually more complex than eliminated ones. An example is the character 搾 which is eliminated in favor of the variant form 榨 . The 扌 'HAND' with three strokes on the left of the eliminated 搾 is now seen as more complex, appearing as the ⽊ 'TREE' radical 木 , with four strokes, in the chosen variant 榨 . Not all characters standardised in the simplified set consist of fewer strokes. For instance,
1280-440: Is channeled into reservoirs. In the production process, raw water from the reservoirs is piped to the waterworks to be treated with chemical coagulation, rapid gravity filtration and chlorine disinfection . These procedures remove harmful particles and suspended particulate matters from the raw water, making them safe for consumption. The filtered water is stored in water tanks for water quality checks before being distributed to
1344-454: Is derived. Merging homophonous characters: Adapting cursive shapes ( 草書楷化 ): Replacing a component with a simple arbitrary symbol (such as 又 and 乂 ): Omitting entire components : Omitting components, then applying further alterations : Structural changes that preserve the basic shape Replacing the phonetic component of phono-semantic compounds : Replacing an uncommon phonetic component : Replacing entirely with
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#17328588837581408-809: Is now discouraged. A State Language Commission official cited "oversimplification" as the reason for restoring some characters. The language authority declared an open comment period until 31 August 2009, for feedback from the public. In 2013, the List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters was published as a revision of the 1988 lists; it included a total of 8105 characters. It included 45 newly recognized standard characters that were previously considered variant forms, as well as official approval of 226 characters that had been simplified by analogy and had seen wide use but were not explicitly given in previous lists or documents. Singapore underwent three successive rounds of character simplification , eventually arriving at
1472-609: Is referred to as the " big seal script ". The traditional narrative, as also attested in the Shuowen Jiezi dictionary ( c. 100 AD ), is that the Qin small seal script that would later be imposed across China was originally derived from the Zhou big seal script with few modifications. However, the body of epigraphic evidence comparing the character forms used by scribes gives no indication of any real consolidation in character forms prior to
1536-540: Is used instead of 叠 in regions using traditional characters. The Chinese government stated that it wished to keep Chinese orthography stable. The Chart of Generally Utilized Characters of Modern Chinese was published in 1988 and included 7000 simplified and unsimplified characters. Of these, half were also included in the revised List of Commonly Used Characters in Modern Chinese , which specified 2500 common characters and 1000 less common characters. In 2009,
1600-584: Is within walking distance from Farmway LRT station . It is closed for maintenance on Mondays. It has 3 levels of slides: the Speed Slide and Tunnel Slide while on the second level the Multi Coloured slides with a capacity of 4 riders at a time. Lastly, on level 3 there are the twister slides with a capacity of 2 riders at a time. Simplified Chinese characters Simplified Chinese characters are one of two standardized character sets widely used to write
1664-656: The Chinese language , with the other being traditional characters . Their mass standardization during the 20th century was part of an initiative by the People's Republic of China (PRC) to promote literacy, and their use in ordinary circumstances on the mainland has been encouraged by the Chinese government since the 1950s. They are the official forms used in mainland China and Singapore , while traditional characters are officially used in Hong Kong , Macau , and Taiwan . Simplification of
1728-461: The "Dot" stroke : The traditional components ⺥ and 爫 become ⺈ : The traditional component 奐 becomes 奂 : Public Utilities Board PUB, Singapore's National Water Agency , commonly known as PUB , an acronym for Public Utilities Board , is a statutory board under the Ministry of Sustainability and the Environment of the Government of Singapore responsible for ensuring
1792-456: The "external appearances of individual graphs", and in graphical form ( 字体 ; 字體 ; zìtǐ ), "overall changes in the distinguishing features of graphic[al] shape and calligraphic style, [...] in most cases refer[ring] to rather obvious and rather substantial changes". The initiatives following the founding of the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) to universalize the use of their small seal script across
1856-476: The 1986 General List of Simplified Chinese Characters , hereafter the General List . All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Chart 1 and Chart 2 in the 1986 Complete List . Characters in both charts are structurally simplified based on similar set of principles. They are separated into two charts to clearly mark those in Chart 2 as 'usable as simplified character components', based on which Chart 3
1920-508: The 1986 mainland China revisions. Unlike in mainland China, Singapore parents have the option of registering their children's names in traditional characters. Malaysia also promulgated a set of simplified characters in 1981, though completely identical to the mainland Chinese set. They are used in Chinese-language schools. All characters simplified this way are enumerated in Charts 1 and 2 of
1984-493: The 3P sectors of public, private and people to help them in building a firm relationship with water and develop a joint responsibility for it. PUB also plans to utilize this channel to create awareness of the concept and application of its programmes amongst industry experts in hopes to attract and train professionals to design and implement this project. Thus far, PUB has identified more than 100 potential development regions with 27 already in progress. PUB's proposal has won Singapore
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2048-470: The Chinese government published a major revision to the list which included a total of 8300 characters. No new simplifications were introduced. In addition, slight modifications to the orthography of 44 characters to fit traditional calligraphic rules were initially proposed, but were not implemented due to negative public response. Also, the practice of unrestricted simplification of rare and archaic characters by analogy using simplified radicals or components
2112-420: The Four National Taps. Singapore faces a problem of water shortage with its limited land area. Long-term water security has been one of the key priorities of the government of Singapore . As the national water agency, PUB takes control of the entire water chain. From the collection of rainwater to water reclamation, the four main processes involved are collection, production, distribution and reclamation. In
2176-511: The PUB is solely in charge of water supplies with the management and control of electricity and gas transferred to the Energy Market Authority (EMA). In 2003 and 2005, the PUB launched the first NEWater project and the first desalinated water treatment project respectively. This further diversified water supply in Singapore to four main sources: local catchment water, imported water, NEWater and desalinated water. They are also known as
2240-784: The Utility Performance Initiative of the Year at the Global Water Awards 2013 presented at the Global Water Summit in Seville , Spain. Introduced in 2010, the Water Efficiency Management Plan (WEMP) is an initiative introduced by PUB to aid businesses in the efficient management of water usage. It primarily serves to provide a clear breakdown of water usage, identify potential areas for improvement and draft
2304-474: The addition of four other desalination plants, namely the Tuas South Desalination Plant, Marina East Desalination Plant, Tuas Desalination Plant, and Jurong Island Desalination Plant, desalinated water can meet up to 25% of Singapore's current water demand. The ABC programme is a long term initiative that started in 2006. In developing this programme, PUB seeks the collaboration and advice from
2368-428: The character set are altered. Some simplifications were based on popular cursive forms that embody graphic or phonetic simplifications of the traditional forms. In addition, variant characters with identical pronunciation and meaning were reduced to a single standardized character, usually the simplest among all variants in form. Finally, many characters were left untouched by simplification and are thus identical between
2432-407: The chosen variants, those that appear in the "Complete List of Simplified Characters" are also simplified in character structure accordingly. Some examples follow: Sample reduction of equivalent variants : Ancient variants with simple structure are preferred : Simpler vulgar forms are also chosen : The chosen variant was already simplified in Chart 1 : In some instances, the chosen variant
2496-402: The collection process, rainwater is collected through a network of rivers, drains and canals and stored in the reservoirs before undergoing treatment for drinking water purposes. The reservoirs are equipped with pipelines that interlink the collection ponds to manage excess water by controlling the water level in each reservoir. In 2011, rainwater collected on two-thirds of Singapore's land surface
2560-465: The country's writing system as a serious impediment to its modernization. In 1916, a multi-part English-language article entitled "The Problem of the Chinese Language" co-authored by the Chinese linguist Yuen Ren Chao (1892–1982) and poet Hu Shih (1891–1962) has been identified as a turning point in the history of the Chinese script—as it was one of the first clear calls for China to move away from
2624-449: The early 2000s. Fund raising campaigns were initiated by grassroots leaders to support the construction of the complex. Although the sports complex was originally planned to be ready by 2004, construction began only in 2006. On 2 April that year, the groundbreaking ceremony for Sengkang Sports Centre was held, attended by Member of Parliament for Ang Mo Kio Group Representation Constituency Wee Siew Kim . The S$ 48.7 million complex
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2688-472: The early 20th century. In 1909, the educator and linguist Lufei Kui formally proposed the use of simplified characters in education for the first time. Over the following years—marked by the 1911 Xinhai Revolution that toppled the Qing dynasty , followed by growing social and political discontent that further erupted into the 1919 May Fourth Movement —many anti-imperialist intellectuals throughout China began to see
2752-616: The first official list of simplified forms was published, consisting of 324 characters collated by Peking University professor Qian Xuantong . However, fierce opposition within the KMT resulted in the list being rescinded in 1936. Work throughout the 1950s resulted in the 1956 promulgation of the Chinese Character Simplification Scheme , a draft of 515 simplified characters and 54 simplified components, whose simplifications would be present in most compound characters. Over
2816-463: The first round—but was massively unpopular and never saw consistent use. The second round of simplifications was ultimately retracted officially in 1986, well after they had largely ceased to be used due to their unpopularity and the confusion they caused. In August 2009, China began collecting public comments for a revised list of simplified characters; the resulting List of Commonly Used Standard Chinese Characters lists 8,105 characters, including
2880-465: The following decade, the Script Reform Committee deliberated on characters in the 1956 scheme, collecting public input regarding the recognizability of variants, and often approving forms in small batches. Parallel to simplification, there were also initiatives aimed at eliminating the use of characters entirely and replacing them with pinyin as an official Chinese alphabet, but this possibility
2944-503: The founding of the Qin. The Han dynasty (202 BC – 220 AD) that inherited the Qin administration coincided with the perfection of clerical script through the process of libian . Eastward spread of Western learning Though most closely associated with the People's Republic, the idea of a mass simplification of character forms first gained traction in China during
3008-466: The increased usage of 朙 was followed by proliferation of a third variant: 眀 , with 目 'eye' on the left—likely derived as a contraction of 朙 . Ultimately, 明 became the character's standard form. The Book of Han (111 AD) describes an earlier attempt made by King Xuan of Zhou ( d. 782 BC ) to unify character forms across the states of ancient China , with his chief chronicler having "[written] fifteen chapters describing" what
3072-436: The island exceeds the drinking water standards set by the World Health Organization . Singapore is named the top Asian city in water sustainability development in 2015, with the nation boasting the highest drinking water and sanitation standards in the region. The PUB is the statutory board of then Ministry of the Environment and Water Resources responsible for acquiring, producing, disseminating and reclaiming water to ensure
3136-459: The left, with the 月 'Moon' component on the right. Li Si ( d. 208 BC ), the Chancellor of Qin, attempted to universalize the Qin small seal script across China following the wars that had politically unified the country for the first time. Li prescribed the 朙 form of the word for 'bright', but some scribes ignored this and continued to write the character as 明 . However,
3200-402: The most prominent Chinese authors of the 20th century, stated that "if Chinese characters are not destroyed, then China will die" ( 漢字不滅，中國必亡 ). During the 1930s and 1940s, discussions regarding simplification took place within the ruling Kuomintang (KMT) party. Many members of the Chinese intelligentsia maintained that simplification would increase literacy rates throughout the country. In 1935,
3264-477: The people. Used water is collected through a sewerage system and treated at water reclamation plants in the reclamation process. The water is purified using NEWater technology to produce NEWater. With the development of the deep tunnel sewerage system (DTSS) aimed for completion in 2022, sewage will be conveniently transported to three water reclamation plants for treatment. Compelled by the need for self-reliance and sustainability, PUB has invested in and developed
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#17328588837583328-430: The public and quickly fell out of official use. It was ultimately formally rescinded in 1986. The second-round simplifications were unpopular in large part because most of the forms were completely new, in contrast to the familiar variants comprising the majority of the first round. With the rescission of the second round, work toward further character simplification largely came to an end. In 1986, authorities retracted
3392-509: The quality of raw water it is treating. Under the 1962 Water Agreement, Singapore is entitled to draw up to 250 million gallons of water per day from the Johor River. In 2061, the remaining contract between Singapore and Johor will expire. To lessen its reliance on Malaysia, Singapore has introduced new ways of water sources to meet Singapore's demand for water. By diversifying Singapore' s water supply, Singapore has been successful in building up
3456-465: The recently conquered parts of the empire is generally seen as being the first real attempt at script reform in Chinese history. Before the 20th century, variation in character shape on the part of scribes, which would continue with the later invention of woodblock printing , was ubiquitous. For example, prior to the Qin dynasty (221–206 BC) the character meaning 'bright' was written as either 明 or 朙 —with either 日 'Sun' or 囧 'window' on
3520-566: The same conventional water treatment process. The process re-introduces trace minerals that had been removed during the production of NEWater and provide additional safety precaution beyond the advanced technologies used to produce NEWater . Desalinated water is Singapore's fourth National Tap. It was first introduced in September 2005, with the first SingSpring Desalination Plant located in Tuas . The plant can produce up to 30 million gallons of water
3584-426: The same set of simplified characters as mainland China. The first round was promulgated by the Ministry of Education in 1969, consisting of 498 simplified characters derived from 502 traditional characters. A second round of 2287 simplified characters was promulgated in 1974. The second set contained 49 differences from the mainland China system; these were removed in the final round in 1976. In 1993, Singapore adopted
3648-461: The second round completely, though they had been largely fallen out of use within a year of their initial introduction. That year, the authorities also promulgated a final version of the General List of Simplified Chinese Characters . It was identical to the 1964 list save for 6 changes—including the restoration of 3 characters that had been simplified in the first round: 叠 , 覆 , 像 ; the form 疊
3712-488: The traditional and simplified Chinese orthographies. The Chinese government has never officially announced the completion of the simplification process after the bulk of characters were introduced by the 1960s. In the wake of the Cultural Revolution , a second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977—largely composed of entirely new variants intended to artificially lower the stroke count, in contrast to
3776-817: The traditional character 強 , with 11 strokes is standardised as 强 , with 12 strokes, which is a variant character. Such characters do not constitute simplified characters. The new standardized character forms shown in the Characters for Publishing and revised through the Common Modern Characters list tend to adopt vulgar variant character forms. Since the new forms take vulgar variants, many characters now appear slightly simpler compared to old forms, and as such are often mistaken as structurally simplified characters. Some examples follow: The traditional component 釆 becomes 米 : The traditional component 囚 becomes 日 : The traditional "Break" stroke becomes
3840-516: The use of characters entirely. Instead, Chao proposed that the language be written with an alphabet, which he saw as more logical and efficient. The alphabetization and simplification campaigns would exist alongside one another among the Republican intelligentsia for the next several decades. Recent commentators have echoed some contemporary claims that Chinese characters were blamed for the economic problems in China during that time. Lu Xun , one of
3904-756: The virtue of corporate philanthropy by consistently and steadily contributing to the Share Programme under the Community Chest since 1986. Employees of Public Utilities Board are represented by the Public Utilities Board Employees' Union, a House Union affiliated to the National Trades Union Congress . Water Wally is the official mascot for PUB. It is blue in colour and takes the form of a water droplet. It helps to spread messages about water preservation and proper water usage to
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#17328588837583968-461: Was abandoned, confirmed by a speech given by Zhou Enlai in 1958. In 1965, the PRC published the List of Commonly Used Characters for Printing [ zh ] (hereafter Characters for Printing ), which included standard printed forms for 6196 characters, including all of the forms from the 1956 scheme. A second round of simplified characters was promulgated in 1977, but was poorly received by
4032-500: Was delayed until mid-late 2008. Sengkang Sports Centre was built as part of a plan to improve amenities in Pasir Ris-Punggol Group Representation Constituency and Sengkang New Town, costing S$ 1 billion. The People's Association and the then Singapore Sports Council were involved in the planning of the sports complex, and went ahead with the project despite Singapore's economic recession in
4096-433: Was designed by architectural firm LT & T Architects, and was completed by the end of 2007. Situated on 4 hectares of land beside Sungei Punggol , Sengkang Sports Centre houses a community club , and feature sports facilities including four swimming pools and five water slides . One of the slides has four colours similar to the slides at East Coast Park, which is now closed. It also has an indoor sports hall and
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