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68-418: Effective with the start of the 118th Congress, the conference leadership is as follows: The conference was formally organized on March 6, 1903, electing a chair to preside over its members and a secretary to keep minutes. Until that time, this caucus was often disorganized, philosophically divided and had neither firm written rules of governance nor a clear mission. Since Oscar Underwood 's election in 1920,

136-586: A Wall Street lawyer proved less of a political hurdle for the delegates. Underwood declined to run for reelection to the Senate in 1926. His anti-Klan stance had upset some in his own party and as well as from the Klan, and Hugo Black was a formidable candidate. In 1927, Underwood was appointed to an international peace commission. In 1928, Underwood supported New York Governor Al Smith for president. In retirement, he and his second wife lived at Woodlawn plantation ,

204-530: A McAdoo ticket. For their part, the Tammany men tried to prolong the convention until the hotel bills were beyond the means of the delegates who had traveled to the convention. The Smith backers also attempted to stampede the delegates by packing the galleries with noisy rooters. Senator James Phelan of California, among others, complained of "New York rowdyism". But the rudeness of Tammany, particularly their delegates' booing of William Jennings Bryan when he spoke to

272-421: A certain ballot to have nominated him." Ralston wavered on whether to make the race; despite his doctor's stern recommendation not to run and the illness of his wife and son, Ralston had told Taggart that he would be a candidate, albeit a reluctant one. But the 300-pound Ralston finally telegraphed his refusal to go on; sixty-six years old at the time of the convention, he died the following year. The nomination

340-472: A decade, including with James J. Garrett. Alabama earned an additional seat after the census of 1890, and Underwood became chairman of the new 9th District's Democratic Committee in 1892. Two years later, voters elected him as a Democrat to the United States House of Representatives . However, Truman H. Aldrich successfully challenged that election result, forcing Underwood to resign in the middle of

408-461: A guaranteed unsuccessful vice presidential candidate. New Jersey governor George Sebastian Silzer , Newton D. Baker , and Maryland governor Albert Ritchie were also considered. Eventually, Charles W. Bryan , Governor of Nebraska , was proposed as a candidate who could unite the Smith and McAdoo factions. Bryan had been chosen by a group of party leaders, including Davis and Al Smith. George Berry ,

476-456: A historic house associated with George Washington near Alexandria, Virginia . There, Underwood wrote his only published book, an analysis of the transformation of American government in the 20th century, Drifting Sands of Party Politics , which appeared in 1928. He decried federal legislation aimed at regulating morality, government by commissions, and excessive American engagement in foreign affairs. Underwood suffered two disabling strokes in

544-513: A labor union leader from Tennessee, led Governor Bryan by a vote of 263.5 to 238 on an unrevised first ballot. Before the finalization of the first ballot, however, a cascade of switches from various candidates to Bryan took place, and Bryan was nominated with 740 votes. Notably, he remains, as of 2024, the only brother of a previous nominee ( William Jennings Bryan ) to be nominated by a major party. The official tally was: Vice Presidential Balloting / 14th Day of Convention (July 9, 1924) Each of

612-706: A law professor at the University of Virginia . Most of Underwood's papers are held by the Alabama Department of Archives and History, with some made available free online. Some of the family's papers are also held by his alma mater, the University of Virginia. Future President John F. Kennedy mentioned Underwood as one of his Profiles in Courage for his stand against the Klan. Underwood's former home in Washington, D.C.,

680-600: A pro- Donald Trump Facebook group called "ElectTrump2020" turned the photo into a meme which was shared more than 18,000 times on Facebook alone. Author Dinesh D'Souza shared the photo and the meme on Twitter in September 2017. In fact, the widely circulated photo depicted a December 1924 march by Klansmen in Madison, Wisconsin , and had no connection to any political convention. The term "Klanbake" appears to have been coined by New York Daily News columnist Joseph A. Cowan, in

748-515: A protracted convention fight between distant front-runners William Gibbs McAdoo and Al Smith . Davis and his vice presidential running-mate, Governor Charles W. Bryan of Nebraska , went on to be defeated by the Republican ticket of President Calvin Coolidge and Charles G. Dawes in the 1924 presidential election . New York had not been chosen for a convention since 1868, and its selection as

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816-527: A two-thirds vote to secure the nomination. Several delegations declined to support either of the leading candidates and persisted in voting for their state's " favorite son " instead. Like the other favorite son candidates, Underwood resisted efforts to remove the convention's two-thirds rule. As the Convention labored through 103 ballots, Alabama, as the first state alphabetically, cast its votes first. The delegation's leader, Governor William W. Brandon , reported

884-442: Is the most promising of the compromise candidates." Ralston was also a favorite of the Klan and a second choice of many McAdoo delegates. In 1922, he had launched an attack on parochial schools that the Klan saw as an endorsement of its own views, and he won several normally Republican counties dominated by the Klan. Commenting on the Klan issue, Ralston said that it would create a bad precedent to denounce any organization by name in

952-681: The House Ways and Means Committee . He stood with a small minority of House members in opposition to the President when he voted to maintain an exemption from Panama Canal tolls for American ships traveling between American ports, despite British protests that the policy violated the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty . Underwood twice won election to the United States Senate , in 1914 and 1920, and served there from March 4, 1915, to March 3, 1927. He

1020-634: The Kentucky Supreme Court . His maternal grandfather, cotton merchant Jabez Smith, once served as mayor of Petersburg, Virginia . In 1865, the Underwood family moved to St. Paul, Minnesota , hoping the climate would help Oscar's chronic bronchitis, as well as his mother's health. After ten years, the family moved back to Louisville, where Oscar graduated from the Rugby University School, an exclusive private school, in 1879. He then attended

1088-738: The Oscar W. Underwood House , was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1976. Woodlawn plantation was named to the National Register of Historic Places in 1970, and designated a national landmark in 1998. In 1990, Underwood was inducted into the Alabama Men's Hall of Fame. 1924 Democratic National Convention The 1924 Democratic National Convention , held at the Madison Square Garden in New York City from June 24 to July 9, 1924,

1156-871: The University of Virginia at Charlottesville , where he was president of the Jefferson Society, as well as excelled in debate. He also received the honorary degree of LL.D. from Columbia University in 1912 and Harvard University in 1922. He served as president of the University of Virginia Alumni Association in 1913 and 1914. Oscar Underwood married twice, the first time in Charlottesville on October 8, 1885, to Eugenia Massie, daughter of Dr. Thomas Eugene Massie. They had two sons before she died in 1900: John Lewis Underwood (1888–1973) and Oscar Wilder Underwood Jr. (1890–1962). Underwood remarried on September 10, 1904, to Bertha Woodward (1870–1948), daughter of Union Army veteran Joseph Hershey Woodward (1843–1917) of

1224-502: The University of Virginia . He moved his legal practice to Birmingham, Alabama , in 1884 and won election to the House of Representatives in 1894. Underwood served as House Majority Leader from 1911 to 1915, and was a strong supporter of President Woodrow Wilson 's progressive agenda and a prominent advocate of a reduction in the tariff . He sponsored the Revenue Act of 1913 , also known as

1292-528: The Woodward Iron Company and his wife Martha Burt (both of Ohio County in what became West Virginia ), who survived him. After graduation, Underwood returned to Minnesota to begin his legal career. However, his older half brother William soon convinced him of better opportunities awaiting in Birmingham, Alabama . There, he moved in September 1884 and established a successful legal practice, working for

1360-402: The paralytic illness he had contracted in 1921. The success of this speech and his other convention efforts in support of Smith signaled that he was still a viable figure in politics, and he nominated Smith again in 1928. Roosevelt succeeded Smith as governor in 1929, and went on to win election as president in 1932. The first day of balloting (June 30) brought the predicted deadlock between

1428-421: The prohibition law, but his conservatism prejudiced him in favor of personal liberty and home rule and he was frequently denounced as a wet. The dry leader Wayne Wheeler complained of Davis's "constant repetition of wet catch phrases like 'personal liberty', 'illegal search and seizure', and 'home rule'". After the convention Davis tried to satisfy both factions of his party, but his support came principally from

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1496-593: The prohibition of alcohol opposed the choice, in the fall of 1923 it won the grudging consent of McAdoo, a dry, before McAdoo's connection to the Teapot Dome scandal made Smith a serious threat. (McAdoo's candidacy was hurt by the revelation that he had accepted money from Edward L. Doheny , an oil tycoon implicated in Teapot Dome.) McAdoo's adopted state, California, had played host to the Democrats in 1920. McAdoo swept

1564-525: The Boys are Marching". McAdoo and Smith each evolved a strategy to build up his own total slowly. Smith's trick was to plant his extra votes for his opponent, so that McAdoo's strength might later appear to be waning; the Californian countered by holding back his full force, though he had been planning a strong early show. But by no sleight of hand could the convention have been swung around to either contestant. With

1632-504: The Bryans and Taggart cast him as a viable compromise choice. He passed Davis, the almost consistent third choice, on the fifty-second ballot; but Taggart then discouraged the boom for the time being because the McAdoo and Smith phalanxes showed no signs of weakening. On July 8, the eighty-seventh ballot showed a total for Ralston of 93 votes, chiefly from Indiana and Missouri; before the day was over,

1700-550: The Democratic presidential nomination in 1912 and had some strength at the national convention among southern delegates but could not compete with Champ Clark and Woodrow Wilson . At the convention that year in Baltimore , Wilson's managers offered Underwood the vice-presidential nomination, which he declined. Following the election, Underwood supported the progressive reforms of Wilson's first term, using his position as Chairman of

1768-535: The House Ways and Means Committee to manage legislation and maintain party discipline. In return, Wilson granted him considerable control over patronage and appointed Albert S. Burleson Postmaster-General upon Underwood's recommendation. The Revenue Act of 1913 is also known as the Underwood Tariff Act or Underwood-Simmons Act in recognition of Underwood's role in writing and managing the bill as Chairman of

1836-484: The Klan by a vote of 542 3/20 to 541 3/20. The fight proved a polarizing battle that made each of the Convention's two major candidates unacceptable to large segments of the party, without enhancing Underwood's chances in the least. The Convention was marked by a deadlock between the supporters of the Irish Catholic New York Governor Al Smith and McAdoo, while the Convention's rules required

1904-800: The Klan. He experienced a boomlet of support on the 101st presidential ballot of the convention, but the Democrats nominated John W. Davis as a compromise candidate. Underwood declined to run for re-election in 1926 and retired to his Woodlawn plantation in Fairfax County, Virginia , where he died in 1929. Underwood was born in Louisville, Kentucky , on May 6, 1862, the eldest of three sons of lawyer and planter Eugene Underwood and his second wife, Frederica Virginia Wilder. Eugene Underwood also had three sons with his first wife before her death in 1857. His paternal grandfather, Joseph R. Underwood , served as U.S. Representative and Senator from Kentucky, as well as on

1972-615: The McAdoo strategy. Smith countered by suggesting that all delegates be released from their pledges—to which McAdoo agreed on condition that the two-thirds rule be eliminated—although Smith fully expected that loyalty would prevent the disaffection of Indiana and Illinois votes, both controlled by political bosses friendly to him. Indeed, Senator David Walsh of Massachusetts expressed the sentiment that moved Smith backers: "We must continue to do all that we can to nominate Smith. If it should develop that he cannot be nominated, then McAdoo cannot have it either." For his part, McAdoo would angrily quit

2040-510: The Ralston total had risen to almost 200, a larger tally than Davis had ever received. Most of these votes were drawn from McAdoo, to whom they later returned. Numerous sources indicate that Taggart was not exaggerating when he later said: "We would have nominated Senator Ralston if he had not withdrawn his name at the last minute. It was a near certainty as anything in politics could be. We had pledges of enough delegates that would shift to Ralston on

2108-549: The U.S. Constitution. This made the Klan a political power throughout many regions of the United States, and it reached the apex of its power in the mid-1920s, when it exerted deep cultural and political influence on both Republicans and Democrats. Its supporters had successfully quashed an anti-Klan resolution before it ever went to a floor vote at the 1924 Republican National Convention earlier in June, and proponents expected to exert

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2176-525: The Underwood Tariff, which lowered tariff rates and imposed a federal income tax . He won election to the Senate in 1914 and served as Senate Minority Leader from 1920 to 1923. He unsuccessfully opposed federal Prohibition , arguing that state and local governments should regulate alcohol. Underwood sought the presidential nomination at the 1912 Democratic National Convention , but the convention selected Woodrow Wilson after forty-six ballots. He declined

2244-429: The balloting commenced. Early in the nominating process, the permitted length of speeches was limited to five minutes each. Despite this, the only ballot was chaotic, with thirty people, including five women, getting at least one vote for the nomination. The party leaders first asked Montana senator Thomas J. Walsh to run for vice president, but Walsh refused since he desired re-election to the Senate as opposed to being

2312-546: The balloting did Smith receive more than a single vote from the South and scarcely more than 20 votes from the states west of the Mississippi; he never won more than 368 of the 729 votes needed for nomination, though even this performance was impressive for a Roman Catholic. McAdoo's strength fluctuated more widely, reaching its highest point of 528 on the seventieth ballot. Since both candidates occasionally received purely strategic aid,

2380-587: The chair of the Senate Democratic Caucus has also concurrently served as the floor leader as part of an unwritten tradition. After the victory of Democrats in the midterm elections of 2006 , an overwhelming majority in the conference wanted to reward Chuck Schumer, then the chair of the Democratic Senatorial Campaign Committee, with a position in the leadership hierarchy. In response, then-Democratic Leader Harry Reid created

2448-454: The chairman's gavel brought order and the roll call resumed, and soon the other side had something to cheer, when New Jersey made its favorite son, Gov. George S. Silzer , walk the plank and threw its votes into the Smith column. This started another parade, the New York and New Jersey standards leading those of the other Smith delegations around the hall while the band played "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp,

2516-414: The clergy were white men; African-American denominations were not represented. With the convention deadlocked over the choice of a nominee, some of the invocations became calls for the delegates and candidates to put aside sectionalism and ambition in favor of party unity. Among the clergy who spoke to the convention: In his acceptance speech, Davis made the perfunctory statement that he would enforce

2584-405: The convention once he lost: but the sixty-first inconclusive round—when the convention set a record for length of balloting—was no time to admit defeat. It had seemed for a time that the nomination could go to Senator Samuel Ralston of Indiana. Advanced by Indiana party boss Thomas Taggart , Ralston's candidacy might attract support from the Bryans, given that Charles Bryan had written, "Ralston

2652-483: The convention's 23 sessions was opened with an invocation by a different nationally prominent clergyman. The choices represented the party's coalition at the time: there were five Episcopalian ministers; three Presbyterians; three Lutherans; two Roman Catholics; two Baptists; two Methodists; one each from the Congregationalists, Disciples of Christ, Unitarians, and Christian Scientists; and two Jewish rabbis. All of

2720-402: The convention, only steeled the resolution of the country delegates. McAdoo and Bryan both tried unsuccessfully to adjourn and then reconvene in another city, perhaps Washington, D.C. , or St. Louis . As a last resort, McAdoo supporters introduced a motion to eliminate one candidate on each ballot until only five remained, but Smith delegates and those supporting favorite sons managed to defeat

2788-420: The leading aspirants for the nomination, William G. McAdoo of California and Gov. Alfred E. Smith of New York, with the remainder divided mainly between local "favorite sons". McAdoo was the leader from the outset, and both he and Smith made small gains in the day's fifteen ballots, but the prevailing belief among the delegates was that the impasse could only be broken by the elimination of both McAdoo and Smith and

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2856-415: The lives of the men and women who practice Temperance are not found to predominate in the state where Prohibition laws have been on the statute books for years as compared to those states where liquor is sold under a license system or where Temperance laws are controlled by the sentiment of the local communities." Underwood led the anti- Ku Klux Klan forces at the 1924 Democratic National Convention . He

2924-580: The nucleus of their support was probably even less. The remainder of the votes were divided among dark horses and favorite sons who had spun high hopes since the Doheny testimony ; understandably, they hesitated to withdraw their own candidacies as long as the convention was so clearly divided. As time passed, the maneuvers of the two factions took on the character of desperation. Daniel C. Roper even went to Franklin Roosevelt, reportedly to offer Smith second place on

2992-495: The organization for its violence to the Democratic Party's platform. The measure was narrowly defeated, and the anti-KKK plank was not included in the platform. Smith's name was placed into nomination by Franklin D. Roosevelt , in a speech in which Roosevelt dubbed Smith " The Happy Warrior ". Roosevelt's speech, which has since become a well-studied example of political oratory, was his first major political appearance since

3060-464: The original votes were purely complimentary and seemed to conceal the real sentiments of the delegates. Louisiana, for example, which was bound by the "unit rule" (all the state's delegate votes would be cast in favor of the candidate favored by a majority of them), first complimented its neighbor Arkansas by casting its 20 votes for Sen. Joseph T. Robinson , then it switched to Sen. Carter Glass , and on another ballot Maryland Gov. Albert C. Ritchie got

3128-434: The party split into two assertive parts, the rule requiring a two-thirds vote for nomination crippled the chances of both candidates by giving a veto each could—and did—use. McAdoo himself wanted to drop the two-thirds rule, but his Protestant supporters preferred to keep their veto over a Catholic candidate, and the South regarded the rule as protection against a northern nominee unfavorable to southern interests. At no point in

3196-434: The party's floor leader and the party's whip, until in 2006, when Democratic leader Harry Reid created the new position of Vice-Chairman of the caucus. Now, the secretary is the fourth-highest ranking position. The conference secretary is responsible for taking notes and aiding the party leadership when senators of the party meet or caucus together. The first conference secretary was Sen. Edward W. Carmack of Tennessee, who

3264-440: The platform. Much of Ralston's support came from the South and West—states including Oklahoma, Missouri, and Nevada that had strong Klan elements. According to Claude Bowers , McAdoo said: "I like the old Senator, like his simplicity, honesty, record"; and it was reported that he told Smith supporters he would withdraw only in favor of Ralston. As with John W. Davis , Ralston had few enemies, and his support from men as divergent as

3332-486: The position of vice-chair when Democrats formally took control in 2007. Schumer ascended to Reid's position following his retirement after the 2016 elections . The position was then split, with one co-chair awarded to Mark Warner and the other awarded to Elizabeth Warren. The United States Senate Democratic Conference Secretary, also called the Caucus Secretary was previously considered the number-three position, behind

3400-408: The primaries in the first real race in the history of the party, although most states chose delegates through party organizations and conventions, giving most of their projected votes to local or hometown candidates, referred to as " favorite sons ". The Ku Klux Klan had surged in popularity after World War I , due to its leadership's connections to passage of the successful Prohibition Amendment to

3468-403: The same city elements that had backed Cox in 1920. The last surviving participant from the convention was Diana Serra Cary , who as a five-year-old child film star was the convention's official mascot; she died on February 24, 2020, at the age of 101. In 2015, conservative blogs and Facebook pages started circulating a photo of hooded Klansmen supposedly marching at the 1924 DNC. In early 2017,

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3536-507: The same influence at the Democratic convention. Instead, tension between pro- and anti-Klan delegates produced an intense and sometimes violent showdown between convention attendees from the states of Colorado and Missouri. Klan delegates opposed the nomination of New York governor Al Smith because Smith was a Roman Catholic and an opponent of Prohibition, and most supported William Gibbs McAdoo . Non-Klan delegates, led by Sen. Oscar Underwood of Alabama , attempted to add condemnation of

3604-460: The selection of one of the other contenders; much interest centred about the candidacy of John W. Davis, who also increased his vote during the day from 31 to 61 (with a peak of 64.5 votes on the 13th and 14th ballots). Most of the favorite son delegations refused to be stampeded to either of the leading candidates and were in no hurry to retire from the contest. In the early balloting many delegations appeared to be jockeying for position, and some of

3672-415: The site for the 1924 convention was based in part on the state party's recent success. Two years earlier, thirteen Republican congressmen had lost their seats to Democrats. Wealthy New Yorkers, who had outbid other cities, declared their purpose "to convince the rest of the country that the town was not the red-light menace generally conceived by the sticks". Though "dry" organizations that supported continuing

3740-423: The speech nominating Underwood called for the condemnation of the Klan and produced a lengthy floor demonstration. The attempt to modify the platform to condemn the Klan by name produced rousing demonstrations and speeches, many, including that of William Jennings Bryan , interrupted by the anti-Klan crowds that filled the galleries. The Convention's final vote, though contested, defeated the minority proposal naming

3808-441: The state's unanimous vote tally each time without variation: "Alabama casts 24 votes for Oscar W. Underwood." Underwood became a symbol of the Convention's deadlock. His vote totals were meager, fewer than 50, until the deadlock broke and on the 101st ballot he won 229.5, but his anti-prohibition, anti-Klan stances made him a most unlikely compromise candidate and the Convention turned to John W. Davis of West Virginia, whose work as

3876-401: The term, on June 9, 1896. However, Underwood persisted, and campaigned for tariff reform. He won the seat again in the election at year's end, then re-election numerous times, serving nine terms (from 1897 to 1915). Underwood became as the first Democratic House Minority Whip , serving from about 1900 to 1901. He then became House Majority Leader from 1911 to 1915. He was a candidate for

3944-523: The twenty, before the delegation finally settled on John W. Davis. There was some excitement on the tenth ballot, when Kansas abandoned Gov. Jonathan M. Davis and threw its votes to McAdoo. There was an instant uproar among McAdoo delegates and supporters, and a parade was started around the hall, the Kansas standard leading, with those of all the other McAdoo states coming along behind, and pictures of "McAdoo, Democracy's Hope", being lifted up. After six minutes

4012-537: The two, I choose my country." By 1924 Underwood was one of very few anti-Klan officeholders left in the South. He blamed the Klan's opposition to his candidacy for his loss in the Georgia presidential primary to former Secretary of the Treasury William Gibbs McAdoo . He then determined to embarrass McAdoo by putting the party on record against the Klan. Even before the Convention considered its platform,

4080-507: The vice presidential nomination, which instead went to Thomas R. Marshall . Underwood ran for president again in 1924, entering the 1924 Democratic National Convention as a prominent conservative opponent of the Ku Klux Klan . One of the few prominent anti-Klan politicians in the South at the time, Underwood and his supporters narrowly failed to win adoption of a Democratic resolution condemning

4148-533: The winter of 1928–29. He died on January 25, 1929, at Woodlawn plantation. Pursuant to his wishes, his corpse was returned to Alabama, and buried beside his first wife in Birmingham's Elmwood Cemetery . His second wife was later buried with him, as was his son John Lewis Underwood (1888–1973). His son Oscar Wilder Underwood Jr. (1890–1962), who served with distinction as a U.S. Army Captain in World War I , later became

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4216-570: Was Senate minority leader from 1920 to 1923. Underwood was part of the four-person American delegation at the 1921-22 Washington Naval Conference . There, he helped negotiate the Five-Power Treaty limiting American, British, Japanese, French, and Italian naval armament. He opposed federal Prohibition as "an attempt to rob the states of their jurisdiction over police matters" and advocated local control of liquor regulation because "the improved conditions which we may naturally expect to find in

4284-579: Was a longtime opponent of the Klan. In 1924, when the Klan organized a parade in Birmingham during that year's Democratic National Convention , Underwood called it an effort "to intimidate me, the Alabama delegation and the Democratic Party....It will not succeed....I maintain that the organization is a national menace....It is either the Ku Klux Klan or the United States of America . Both cannot survive. Between

4352-547: Was an American lawyer and politician from Alabama , and also a candidate for President of the United States in 1912 and 1924. He was the first formally designated floor leader in the United States Senate , and the only individual to serve as the Democratic leader in both the Senate and the United States House of Representatives . Born in Louisville, Kentucky , Underwood began a legal career in Minnesota after graduating from

4420-628: Was elected in March 1903. The current conference secretary is Sen. Tammy Baldwin of Wisconsin, who assumed the office in January 2017. On December 8, 2022, Sen. Brian Schatz of Hawaii was elected to the newly created position of Deputy Caucus Secretary , assuming the office at the beginning of the 118th Congress on January 3, 2023. This was an elevation from his previous leadership role as Senate Democratic Chief Deputy Whip. Oscar Underwood Oscar Wilder Underwood (May 6, 1862 – January 25, 1929)

4488-494: Was finally awarded to John W. Davis , a compromise candidate, on the one hundred third ballot, after the withdrawal of Smith and McAdoo. Davis had never been a genuine dark horse candidate; he had almost always been third in the balloting, and by the end of the 29th round he was the betting favorite of New York gamblers. There had been a Davis movement of considerable size at the 1920 San Francisco convention; however, Charles Hamlin wrote in his diary, Davis "frankly said ... that he

4556-613: Was not seeking [the nomination] and that if nominated he would accept only as a matter of public duty". For Vice President, the Democrats nominated Charles W. Bryan , the governor of Nebraska and the brother of William Jennings Bryan , and for many years editor of The Commoner . A total of 58 candidates received votes over the 103 ballots, and the second ballot was the one where most candidates were voted for (20 in total). The alphabetically sorted list of all 58 candidates: Thirteen names were placed into nomination for Davis' vice-presidential running mate, two of which were withdrawn before

4624-418: Was the longest continuously running convention in United States political history. It took a record 103 ballots to nominate a presidential candidate. It was the first major party national convention that saw the name of a woman, Lena Springs , placed in nomination for vice president. John W. Davis , a dark horse , eventually won the presidential nomination on the 103rd ballot, a compromise candidate following

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