Sekigahara Gunki Taisei: 8,000–32,000 killed
130-453: Tokugawa Jikki; The Chronicles of Toshogu Shrine: 35,270 killed Sekigahara Gunki Taisei: 4,000–10,000 killed The Battle of Sekigahara ( Shinjitai : 関ヶ原の戦い ; Kyūjitai : 關ヶ原の戰い , Hepburn romanization : Sekigahara no Tatakai ), was a historical battle in Japan which occurred on October 21, 1600 ( Keichō 5, 15th day of the 9th month) in what is now Gifu Prefecture , Japan, at the end of
260-806: A massive rebellion against the Toyotomi government in Mutsu Province which incited by Hienuki Hirotada and Waga Yoshitada broke out. In response, Hideyoshi sent a punitive expedition with 30,000 army in strength led by Ieyasu Tokugawa, Toyotomi Hidetsugu , Date Masamune , Ishida Mitsunari , Ōtani Yoshitsugu , Gamō Ujisato , Uesugi Kagekatsu , Satake Yoshishige , and Maeda Toshiie , in order to pacify those rebellions. Naomasa participated in this expedition brought in his "Red Demons" unit as vanguard of Tokugawa forces. Subsequently, with Waga-Hienuki rebellion, Kunohe rebellion also broke out in March 13 1591. Thus causing
390-404: A 5,000 soldiers reinforcement along with Osuga Yasutaka and Matsudaira Yasushige led reinforcement forces to cover the retreat of Tokugawa forces after they failed to pacify the castle due to hostile movements from Uesugi Kagekatsu . In the same year, Ishikawa Kazumasa , a senior vassal of Tokugawa, defected from Ieyasu to Hideyoshi. This accident caused Ieyasu to undergone massive reforms of
520-692: A Hyōgaiji. Despite this, simplified forms of hyōgaiji do exist in Japanese character sets, and are referred to as extended shinjitai ( 拡張新字体 ) . However, they are to be seen as unofficial, a position reiterated in the National Language Council's 2000 report on Characters Not Listed in the Jōyō Kanji Table. The Asahi Shimbun newspaper is thorough in its simplification of hyōgaiji, and its in-house simplifications are called Asahi characters . For example, 痙攣 ( KEIREN ; cramp, spasm, convulsion)
650-796: A Western army faction's general named Sugiura Shigekatsu. The Eastern army led by Naomasa and Fukushima crossed the river and directly attacked Takegahana Castle at 9:00 AM on the August 22nd. Shigekatsu himself setting the castle on fire and committed suicide as a final act of defiance. On September 24, Ieyasu has demanded Naomasa to quickly pacify the Gifu castle, as they need to moving fast to rescue other feudal lords who sides with Ieyasu, such as Katō Sadayasu and Takenaka Shigekado, which position being besieged by Mitsunari's Western army. On September 29, Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu led their army to rendezvous with Ikeda Terumasa army, where they engaged Oda Hidenobu army in
780-573: A beautiful face ( Bishōnen ), which impressed the mother of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Ōmandokoro , during Naomasa's stay in Kyoto. The "Clan records" chronicles from Edo period also stated that during the battle of Komaki-Nagakute, Naomasa were described as "handsome and has small physical stature". However, despite his unintimidating built, Naomasa fought ferociously in the Battlefield and wearing distinguishable red armor and helmet with long horns, which rendered him
910-583: A bid to challenge the opposition from Mitsunari, who claimed to fight on behalf of the Toyotomi clan. At this time, political tensions were high in the capital; rumors circulated of assassination attempts towards Ieyasu, while a son of Maeda Toshiie , Toshinaga , was accused of being involved in such conspiracies and forced to submit to Ieyasu. Uesugi Kagekatsu , one of Hideyoshi's regents , stood against Ieyasu by building up his army, which Ieyasu officially questioned, demanding answers from Kyoto about Kagekatsu's suspicious activity. Naoe Kanetsugu responded with
1040-461: A detachment of Kugai Masatoshi , vassal of Tokugawa Hidetada who at that moment still busy in the Siege of Ueda castle. On August 21, The Eastern army alliance which sided with Ieyasu Tokugawa attacked Takegahana castle which defended by Oda Hidenobu , who sides with Mitsunari faction. They split themselves into two groups, where 18,000 soldiers led by Ikeda Terumasa and Asano Yoshinaga went to
1170-575: A detachment of former Takeda samurai originated from Kai, which led by his subordinate, Kimata Morikatsu, to invade Takatō area of Shinano province and subdue an area there which still not submit to Tokugawa clan. In 1584 on April 9th, during the Battle of Nagakute , Naomasa was entrusted to lead around 3,000 soldiers on the left wing of Tokugawa forces formation. On the opposing side, Ikeda Tsuneoki and Mori Nagayoshi commands 3,000 and 2,000 soldiers respectively. At around 10 a.m., Naomasa clashed against
1300-412: A different form in 團, where instead of changing the phonetic element in a regular manner to get the expected 囩 it is shortened to the meaningless component 寸, producing 団. The latest 2010 jōyō kanji reform has added additional inconsistencies in this regard as in some instances radicals that were previously uniformly simplified across the jōyō set now first appeared in their traditional variants in some of
1430-537: A kishōmon(blood oath) with many samurai clans that formerly were vassals of the Takeda clan assigned under the command of Tokugawa clan retainers. Ieyasu Tokugawa planned to subduct the largest portions of former Takeda samurai under Naomasa's command, having consulted and reached agreement with Sakai Tadatsugu, a senior Tokugawa clan vassal. However, Ieyasu's decision garnered protest from Sakakibara Yasumasa, who went so far as to threaten Naomasa. Tadatsugu immediately defended
SECTION 10
#17328446684161560-583: A military commander who rather should focused on giving command to his soldiers from the rear. Furthermore, Kikuchi pointed out the action of Naomasa in Nagakute also giving much trouble for his other field officer, Kimata Morikatsu, in coordinating their troops. Kikuchi rather argued that instead it was Naomasa subordinates, the former Takeda clan "Red Guard" troops whose really built up their reputation as fearsome military unit. Naomasa also known for his political astuteness, which enable him to command respect when he
1690-457: A mocking letter highlighting Ieyasu's own violations of Hideyoshi's orders. Mitsunari met with Ōtani Yoshitsugu , Mashita Nagamori and Ankokuji Ekei , conspiring to raise an anti-Tokugawa army, of which Mōri Terumoto was appointed to be the overall commander. This coalition formed what came to be referred to as the Western Army. Terumoto immediately marched and captured Osaka Castle while
1820-810: A nickname 'Aka-oni'(red demon). Naomasa was known as a brutal disciplinarian with a violent temper, and punished his subordinates for the slightest mistakes, earning him the nickname of Hitokiri Hyōbu (Hyōbu the Manslayer/mass-murdering minister). According to Meishō genkō-roku (A record of famous commanders' words), Naomasa's strict attitude were influenced by Ōkubo Tadayo , who once advised Naomasa to not expect any luxurious meal during war. An anecdote from Sakakibara clan historical records has stated that among Ieyasu generals, Honda Tadakatsu excelled in bravery and Sakakibara Yasumasa excelled in leadership, while Ii Naomasa possessed both qualities. However, modern historian Hiroyuki Kikuchi does not agree with
1950-404: A notable performance where his unit outpaced those of other generals such as Fukushima Masanori , drawing the "first blood", where Naomasa led 30 spearmens from center of formation charging the ranks of western army, followed by Masanori units who started clashing against Ukita Hideie units. However, modern historian viewed that the act of Naomasa were due to the confusions of both sides as there
2080-527: A relationship with Kuroda Yoshitaka and Kuroda Nagamasa and forming a pact. through the Kuroda clan, Naomasa successfully swayed the other military commanders to support the Tokugawa clan. Aside from the Kuroda clan, according to a letter of Naomasa which preserved in modern-day Hikone Castle Museum, Naomasa also engaged in correspondency with Sanada Nobuyuki to gain his support for the Tokugawa clan in response for
2210-691: A semantic component and a phonetic component. A choice was made to replace the phonetic parts with homophones which had fewer strokes. For example, 圍 was changed to 囲 , because 韋 and 井 were homophones. Other simplifications of this method include 竊→窃, 廳→庁, 擔→担 . There are also colloquial handwritten simplifications (otherwise known as ryakuji ) based on this model, in which various non-kanji symbols are used as onpu, for example 魔 ( MA ; demon) [simplification: ⿸广マ, 广+マ { Katakana ma }], 慶 ( KEI ; jubilation) [⿸广K, 广+K], 藤 ( TŌ , fuji ; wisteria) [⿱艹ト, 艹+ト {Katakana to }], and 機 ( KI ; machine, opportunity) [⿰木キ, 木+キ {Katakana ki }]. In some cases
2340-521: A small forces of Kunohe rebels which easily defeated. As they approached the Kunohe castle, Naomasa suggested to the other commanders to besiege the Kunohe's castle until they surrender, which met with agreement from them. As the operation being commenced, Naomasa became part of army who besieged Kunohe castle, where he and Asano Nagamasa deployed on the east side across the Nekobuchi River. On 4 September,
2470-499: A standard character was replaced by a variant character that neither is a graphical variant nor shares an On reading, but had a historical basis for standardisation. Examples include 證 → 証 and 燈 → 灯 , replacing 登 → 正 and 登 → 丁 respectively. In both cases the variant character had a different meaning and reading but was adopted due to its lower stroke count anyway. Some kanji were simplified by removing entire components. For example, In five basic cases and six derivations for
2600-583: A threat of extinction during Sengoku period due to chain of events that caused Naomasa's grandfather and father died. However, after the decline of Imagawa clan and Naomasa offered his service to the Tokugawa clan which led by Ieyasu, his career got rapid increase with the support of Ieyasu and the Ii clan saved from the danger of disbandment. When the Tenshō-Jingo war broke out, Ieyasu was in dire need for young vassal with prestigious family background as emissary to convince
2730-407: A total of eleven cases, kanji were modified by adding a stroke, thereby rendering the composition more regular: Simplification was not carried out uniformly. Firstly, only a select group of characters (the common jōyō kanji ) was simplified, with characters outside this group (the hyōgaiji) generally retaining their earlier form. For example, 賣 , 續 and 讀 (with the right-side element in
SECTION 20
#17328446684162860-552: A vassal of the Tokugawa clan, and adopted Toramatsu into the Matsushita clan. It was said the house of Ii clan invested greatly on Naomasa's education in preparation to entrust him to Ieyasu as a bid to save the Ii clan from crisis. In 1575, Toramatsu was discovered by Ieyasu and allowed to return to the Ii clan, and changed his name to Machiyo. Furthermore, he was granted possession of Iinoya in Shizuoka , former territory of Ii clan, and
2990-550: Is a chronology of the events leading up to and shortly following the Battle of Sekigahara: Owing to its pivotal status as the climax of the Sengoku period, the Battle of Sekigahara is a common subject of modern depictions and retellings: Shinjitai Shinjitai ( Japanese : 新字体 , "new character form") are the simplified forms of kanji used in Japan since the promulgation of
3120-438: Is possible this perceived disparity was the result of those generals choosing to decline Ieyasu's offers of extensive compensation. As for the generals of the defeated Western Army, roughly 87 daimyō had their domains confiscated and their power stripped due to their support of Mitsunari in the battle. The long-standing Chōsokabe clan , headed by Chōsokabe Morichika , was stripped of its title and domain of Tosa Province , which
3250-586: Is recognized as one of the Four Guardians of the Tokugawa along with Honda Tadakatsu , Sakakibara Yasumasa , and Sakai Tadatsugu . Ii Naomasa then eventually became the master of a sizable holding in Ōmi Province , following the Battle of Sekigahara in 1600. His office in the Imperial Japan ministries was Hyōbu-daifū . Ii Naomasa was also notable for his command over an elite troops which named Red Guards ( 赤備え ) ( akazonae ) that formerly served
3380-422: Is recorded by Arthur Lindsay Sadler that Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu expressed dissatisfaction of their rewards to Ieyasu. Later, After defeating the Western Army on Sekigahara, Ieyasu dispatched his army to attack Sawayama Castle in Ōmi Province , the former territory of Ishida Mitsunari with Kobayakawa Hideaki 's troops at the vanguard. Most of the castle's troops were at the Battle of Sekigahara, leaving
3510-558: Is simplified following the model of 經→経 and 攣→挛 . This is also said to have been done because in the age of typewriter -based printing, more complicated kanji could not be clearly printed. The Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) contain numerous simplified forms of Kanji following the model of the shinjitai simplifications, such as 﨔 (the simplified form of 欅 ); many of these are included in Unicode, but are not present in most kanji character sets. Ryakuji for handwriting use, such as
3640-458: The De Liefde [ nl ] , a Dutch trading ship, were also used by the Tokugawa army in this battle. During the battle of Sekigahara, several commanders of the Western Army changed sides, allying with the Tokugawa and changing the course of the battle. Perhaps the most notable of these defectors was Kobayakawa Hideaki , the nephew of Toyotomi Hideyoshi, whose disgruntlement with his uncle
3770-540: The Battle of Gifu Castle . In this battle, Hidenobu castle were deprived the expected support from Ishikawa Sadakiyo (石川貞清), who decided to not help the Western army in this war after he made an agreement with Naomasa. Hidenobu was prepared to commit seppuku, but was persuaded by Ikeda Terumasa and others to surrender to the eastern forces, and the Gifu Castle fell. On October 21st, in the Battle of Sekigahara , Naomasa give
3900-672: The Honnoji Incident , Naomasa accompanied Ieyasu on an arduous journey to escape the enemies of Nobunaga in Sakai and return to Mikawa . However, their journey was very dangerous due to the existence of "Ochimusha-gari" groups across the route. During this journey, Naomasa and other senior Ieyasu retainers such as Sakai Tadatsugu and Honda Tadakatsu fought their way through raids and harassment from Ochimusha-gari (Samurai hunter) outlaws during their march escorting Ieyasu, and sometimes advancing by usage of gold and silver bribes given to some of
4030-636: The Ichiryo Gusoku peasant army. The wound which suffered by Naomasa in Sekigahara also prevented his personal involvement in quelling the last vestiges of the anti-Tokugawa faction in the aftermath of Sekigahara engagement. Naomasa sent his vassal, Suzuki Hyōe, with force as strong as 8 ships to help Kazutoyo, which finally pacified the area in 5 weeks, after killing about 273 enemies. The 273 dead rebels heads were decapitated and sent to Ii Naomasa. Ii Naomasa's premature death in 1602 has been widely blamed on
Battle of Sekigahara - Misplaced Pages Continue
4160-452: The Sengoku period daimyō , and later shōgun , Tokugawa Ieyasu . He led the clan after the death of Ii Naotora . He married Tobai-in , Matsudaira Yasuchika's daughter and adopted daughter of Tokugawa Ieyasu . Ii Naomasa joined the ranks of the Tokugawa clan in the mid-1570s, rising swiftly through the ranks and became particularly famous after the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute , as he
4290-426: The Sengoku period . This battle was fought by the forces of Tokugawa Ieyasu against a coalition led by Ishida Mitsunari , from which several commanders defected before or during the battle, leading to a Tokugawa victory. The Battle of Sekigahara was the largest battle of Japanese feudal history and is often regarded as the most important. Mitsunari's defeat in the battle of Sekigahara is generally considered to be
4420-641: The Takeda clan . Ii Naomasa was born in Hōda Village of Tōtōmi Province . His childhood name was Toramatsu (虎松), later Manchiyo (万千代). His family, like the Tokugawa, had originally been retainers of the Imagawa clan , but following the death of the clan's leader, Imagawa Yoshimoto , in the Battle of Okehazama (1560), confusion and general chaos ensued. Naomasa's father, Ii Naochika , was falsely convicted of treason by Yoshimoto's paranoid successor, Imagawa Ujizane , and
4550-579: The Tenshō-Jingo War in 1582 between Tokugawa against the Hojo clan, Naomasa further absorbed many samurai warriors from various clans that formerly served under various Takeda generals such as Ichijō Nobutatsu , Yamagata Masakage , Masatsune Tsuchiya, and Hara Masatane , into his rank. The negotiation to convince them to join Naomasa was aided by a former Takeda clan retainer named Kimata Morikatsu, who organize
4680-517: The Tōyō Kanji List in 1946. Some of the new forms found in shinjitai are also found in simplified Chinese characters , but shinjitai is generally not as extensive in the scope of its modification. Shinjitai were created by reducing the number of strokes in kyūjitai ("old character form") or seiji ( 正字 , "proper/correct characters") , which is unsimplified kanji (usually similar to traditional Chinese characters ). This simplification
4810-537: The Eastern Army and promised that the Mōri clan would change sides during the battle, on the condition they would be pardoned after the war. Kuroda Yoshitaka and Kuroda Nagamasa served as representatives of the Eastern Army in this correspondence with Hiroie. Hiroie and his senior retainer Fukubara Hirotoshi presented hostages to the Tokugawa side as proof for their cooperation with the latter. At dawn on October 21, 1600,
4940-504: The Edo period, and more generally, of the return of stability to Japan. In 1664, Hayashi Gahō , Tokugawa historian and rector of Yushima Seidō , wrote: Evil-doers and bandits were vanquished and the entire realm submitted to Lord Ieyasu, praising the establishment of peace and extolling his martial virtue. That this glorious era that he founded may continue for ten thousands upon ten thousands of generations, coeval with heaven and earth. In 1931,
5070-608: The Ieyasu group until they safely reached Mikawa. The Ietada nikki journal has recorded that the escorts of Ieyasu has suffered around 200 casualties and only 34 person left when they finally arrived at Ietada residence in Mikawa. After Ieyasu's return to Mikawa, Tenshō-Jingo War broke out between the Tokugawa clan and Hōjō clan in a contest to gain control the area of Shinano Province , Ueno region , and Kai Province Kai Province (currently Gunma Prefecture), which has been vacant since
5200-434: The Ii clan under Naomasa absorbed many of Takeda samurai vassals into their rank, after he made a blood pact (Kishômon) with 70 samurai warriors from Tsuchiya clan that formerly served Tsuchiya Masatsugu , one of Twenty-Four Generals of Takeda Shingen , to serve him as Hatamoto retainers. Meanwhile, another source mentioned that total of 120 Tsuchiya clan's samurai warriors has joined Naomasa's rank instead. Later, during
5330-648: The Iinoya's trio son, Kondō Hideyo from the Kondō clan also entered service of Naomasa in 1584 as his Yoriki (officer) with semi-autonomous authority. Before serving Naomasa, Hideyo himself were already veteran warrior who participated with Ieyasu campaigns and gained many military merits on the Battle of Anegawa, Battle of Mikatagahara, Battle of Nagashino, and the Siege of Takatenjin Castle. Hideyo later also fought under Ii Naomasa's banner on
Battle of Sekigahara - Misplaced Pages Continue
5460-467: The Shimazu clan avoided punishment, becoming the only Western Army-aligned clan to avoid losing territory after the defeat at Sekigahara. On November 6, Ishida Mitsunari, Konishi Yukinaga and Ankokuji Ekei were captured and executed. In 1603, Ieyasu was officially appointed as shōgun by Emperor Go-Yōzei ; as such, the conclusion of the Battle of Sekigahara has served as the de facto beginning of
5590-671: The Tensho Jingo war, also allegedly commanded a Red armored cavalry units which different from the Red cavalry units of Yamagata Masakage. Aside from the Takeda clan's samurais, Ieyasu also assigned his own vassals from Iinoya domain such as the " Iinoya's trio" (Iinoya-Sanninshu) clans to his command. The Iinoya trio were a powerful clans that originated from eastern side of Mikawa who contributed much for Ieyasu expansion during his conquest of former Imagawa territories in Tōtōmi Province . One of
5720-437: The Tokugawa advance guard stumbled into Ishida's army; neither side saw each other because of dense fog caused by earlier rains. Both sides panicked and withdrew, but each was now aware of their adversary's presence and location. Mitsunari placed his position in defensive formation, while Ieyasu deployed his forces south of the Western Army position. Last-minute orders were issued and the battle began. Traditional opinion has stated
5850-517: The Tokugawa faction. Hideie was thereby forced to enter Sekigahara with fresh recruits of rōnin mercenaries to fill the gap left within his army. This proved fatal over the course of long-term combat against the Fukushima clan's more disciplined and trained regular troops; the Ukita clan ranks began to break and finally collapse under pressure despite outnumbering the Fukushima. To the south, Ōtani Yoshitsugu
5980-512: The Tokugawa side. The result of this war, combined with the defection of Sanada Masayuki to the Tokugawa side has forced the Hōjō clan to negotiate truce with Ieyasu. The Hōjō clan then sent Hōjō Ujinobu as representative, while the Tokugawa sent Naomasa as representative to negotiate the peace conditions. According to the Meishō genkō-roku record, after the conflict with the Hōjō clan, Ieyasu organized
6110-407: The Western Army forces developed on Ukita Hideie's front. During the engagement, Hideie's forces began to wane and were steadily overcome by the forces of Fukushima Masanori due to the latter's superior troop quality. The disparity in combat effectiveness may have been attributable to the prior insurrection within the Ukita clan , which caused many senior samurai vassals of the Ukita to desert and join
6240-506: The Western Army's annihilation at Sekigahara. However, when Mōri Terumoto (also at Osaka Castle) offered his surrender to the Eastern Army, Muneshige departed with his army and returned to his homeland in Kyushu . As soon as the news of the Eastern Army's victory at Sekigahara reached Ogaki Castle, which at the time was still besieged by Mizuno Katsunari, Western Army-affiliated garrison commander Akizuki Tanenaga immediately surrendered and opened
6370-412: The Western Army, though his efforts were sabotaged by Hiroie, who, under the pretense of being busy eating his meal, stationed his troops in front of Hidemoto, obstructing them from advancing and relieving Mitsunari. Hiroie also obstructed another Western Army contingent led by daimyō Chōsokabe Morichika from marching and attacking the Tokugawa forces. One of the first and most notable weak points within
6500-550: The abbreviations for 門 (in simplified Chinese, this abbreviation, 门 , has become official) and 第 (which exists in Unicode as 㐧 ) are not a part of the shinjitai reforms and therefore do not carry official status. Cursive script (also known as grass script) and semi-cursive script forms of kanji were adopted as shinjitai. Examples include: Characters in which there were two or more variants were standardized under one form. The character 島 ( TŌ , shima ; island) also had
6630-540: The allies instrumental in his victory: Notably, Kobayakawa Hideaki, whose defection from the Western Army contributed greatly to Ieyasu's victory, was bestowed a domain which covered parts of Bizen Province and Mimasaka Province and which was worth 520,000 koku. Perhaps surprisingly, Ieyasu bestowed only meager domain increases to the three remaining Shitennō (Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa ), his closest high-ranking generals, as compared to those he offered to newer commanders and vassals. However, it
SECTION 50
#17328446684166760-417: The attack towards Shimoichiba castle. On June 22, Nobukatsu and Ieyasu launch an all-out attack on Kanie Castle. The soldiers led by Tadatsugu, While Naomasa, Ishikawa Kazumasa, Honda Tadakatsu, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Matsudaira Ietada deployed in reserve before entering the battle with Ieyasu himself. On June 23, Ieyasu entered the castle with Sakakibara Yasumasa, thus the castle were subdued. Following
6890-428: The battle began around 8:00 am; however, recent Japanese historians' research estimates that the battle actually began closer to 10:00 am. The battle started when Ii Naomasa , previously heavily involved in the Battle of Gifu Castle , commanded his famed unit of 3,600 crimson-clad Ii no Akazoane ("Ii's red devils") to attack the center of the Western Army. According to historian Watanabe Daimon, by many indications of
7020-653: The battle in the Eastern Army's favor. These four commanders are recorded to have established contact and concluded deals with Tōdō Takatora , one of the main commanders of the Eastern Army, several days before the battle. Mōri Terumoto , then daimyō of the Mōri clan , also defected from the Western Army during the battle by keeping his forces entrenched at Osaka Castle rather than joining the battle, then sending his vassal Kikkawa Hiroie to quietly surrender to Ieyasu afterward. Professor Yoshiji Yamasaki of Toho University states that any neutrality-for-territorial-preservation agreement
7150-452: The battle lasting twice as long. The combined Eastern Army forces of Tokugawa Hidetada and Sakakibara Yasumasa , who commanded as many as 38,000 soldiers, were at the time of the battle bogged down in the Siege of Ueda against Sanada Masayuki . At the same time, 15,000 Western Army soldiers were being held up by 500 troops under Hosokawa Yūsai in the Siege of Tanabe in Maizuru , many of
7280-528: The battle of Shibahara. This kind of armor were lacking gold horns. Another preserved artifacts belonged to Ii Naomasa was a Haori jacket made from feathers of peacock. this Haori was given by Ieyasu to Naomasa as reward for his escort against outlaws attacks during the escape of Ieyasu from Sakai to Mikawa in the aftermath of Honnoji incident. Ii Naomasa was known for his notable elite troops which nicknamed as Ii clan's Red Demons ( 赤鬼 ) ( Akaoni ), or Red Guards ( 赤備え ) ( akazonae ). In March 1582,
7410-456: The battle records, the assignment of Naomasa as ichiban-yari (the first unit to engage the enemy) suggests the armies may have already been settled before the battle. Fukushima Masanori concurred with Naomasa's intention to lead the first attack, as Naomasa was appointed by Ieyasu as the supreme field commander and was therefore responsible for all commands and strategies during the battle. Naomasa charged forward with 30 spearmen and clashed with
7540-479: The battle, while Masanori has agreed with Naomasa intention to led the first attack, since Daimon argued that Naomasa was appointed by Ieyasu as supreme field commander who were responsible for all commands and strategies during the clash in Sekigahara. As the battle entered the final phase, Naomasa turned his attention towards Shimazu troops. However, Naomasa was shot and wounded by a stray bullet during his attempt to chase In his pursuit against Shimazu Yoshihiro . In
7670-747: The battlefield were notable for being outfitted almost completely in blood-red armour from their mounted samurai, bannermen, to even ashigaru . It was said for psychological impact, a tactic he adopted from Yamagata Masakage, one of Takeda Shingen 's generals. Constantine Nomikos Vaporis stated that the adaption of the lacquer based armor of the Japanese Samurai army has allowed the introduction of various color theme for their armor. such as Naomasa and Masakage red-clad armor units. This tradition of red armored cavalry corps were reportedly started from Obu Toramasa , elder brother of Masakage. According to Kōyō Gunkan , Obata Nobusada. who submitted to Naomasa during
7800-669: The beginning point of the Tokugawa shogunate , which ruled Japan for another two and a half centuries until 1868. The final years of Toyotomi Hideyoshi 's reign were turbulent. At the time of Hideyoshi's death, his heir, Toyotomi Hideyori , was only 5 years old, causing a power vacuum in Japan. In the years following the Imjin War and the death of Hideyoshi, factional disputes arose between Ishida Mitsunari and seven former Toyotomi generals including Katō Kiyomasa . Tokugawa Ieyasu gathered both Kiyomasa and Fukushima Masanori to his cause in
7930-416: The castle and dug deep and wide dry moats and replaced earthen ramparts with stone walls along the main route into the castle. The siege of Odawara as the last Hōjō clan stronghold almost saw no significant military action, with the exception of Naomasa night raid attack. This happened after, after a group of miners from Kai Province dug under the castle walls, allowing men under Ii Naomasa to enter and engage
SECTION 60
#17328446684168060-456: The castle for Katsunari. In response, Katsunari immediately wrote to Ii Naomasa asking that Ieyasu pardon Tanenaga, which Ieyasu accepted. The most prominent political effect of the Eastern Army victory in Sekigahara was the shifting authority to assign military ranks and redistribute lands from the Toyotomi clan to Tokugawa Ieyasu. Immediately following the battle, Ieyasu redistributed domains worth 6.8 million koku , primarily as recompense for
8190-532: The castle were viewed as unstrategic in location, Naomasa ordered the castle building along with its structures dismantled, while transferring its materials instead to Kohei castle, another castle which controlled by Naomasa. He also being appointed the rank of Junior Fourth Rank. Several months after the battle in Sekigahara, Naomasa sent military reinforcements to assist Yamauchi Kazutoyo pacifying rebellion in Tosa Domain against retainers of Chōsokabe clan ,
8320-491: The castle's garrison at 2,800 men. Despite the absence of the lord of the castle, the castle's soldiers fought well, but eventually some soldiers such as Moritmo Hasegawa betrayed the castle and opened the castle for the besieging army. most of Mitsunari relatives, including his father Masatsugu, Masazumi, and Kagetsuin (Mitsunari's wife), were killed in battle or committed suicide. After the castle fell I\inn 1601, Naomasa appointed to take control to Sawayama Castle, However, as
8450-500: The changes in the Jōyō Kanji List in 1981 and 2010. The following forms were established as a result of the post-war character reforms. Many were based on widely used handwritten abbreviations ( 略字 , ryakuji ) from the prewar era. In 332 cases, characters in the new standard have fewer strokes than old forms, in 14 cases they have the same number, and in 11 cases they have one more stroke. The most drastic simplification
8580-430: The character 龍 , meaning "dragon", was simplified in isolation and in some compound characters, but not others. The character itself was simplified to 竜 , as was the compound character 瀧 ("waterfall") → 滝 ; however, it was not simplified in the characters 襲 ("attack") and 籠 ("basket"), although an extended shinjitai variant, 篭 , exists for the latter, and is used in practice rather often over
8710-429: The contacts of those samurai clans with Naomasa. Recently in 2023, the letter of Naomasa Ii's which sent to a former Takeda general named Obata Nobusada (小幡信真) During the conflict between Tokugawa against Hojo clan, was disclosed by Hiroko Noda, an official of Hikone castle museum. The content of the letter was Naomasa assurance to Nobusada to accept his surrender to Tokugawa. The warriors which Naomasa commanded on
8840-582: The controversial aspects of simplified Chinese, some shinjitai were originally separate characters with different meanings. For example, the kanji 藝 ( GEI ; performance, accomplishment) was simplified to 芸 , but 芸 was originally a separate character read with the On reading UN . Many of the original characters which have become merged are no longer used in modern Japanese: for example, 豫 ( YO, arakaji(me) ; in advance) and 餘 ( YO, ama(ri) ; excess) were merged with 予 and 余 , respectively, both archaic kanji for
8970-500: The decision of Ieyasu in response and warned Yasumasa that if he did any harm to Naomasa, Tadatsugu would personally slaughter the Sakakibara clan ; thus, Yasumasa heeded Tadatsugu and did not protest further. Then Ieyasu decided assigned 70 members of former Takeda samurais from Tsuchiya clan under the command of Ii Naomasa. During this year, Naomasa also given an increase of his domain into 40,000 koku. Later in 1583, Naomasa sent
9100-425: The defection of retainer Moritomo Hasegawa and other defenders, the castle was opened to the besieging army; most of Mitsunari's relatives, including Masatsugu, Masazumi, and Mitsunari's wife Kagetsuin, were killed in battle or committed suicide. In response to Shimazu Yoshihiro 's support of the Western Army, Ieyasu prepared a massive punitive expedition to Kyushu, to be led by his son Tokugawa Hidetada . This force
9230-629: The destruction of Takeda clan and the death of Oda Nobunaga. Ieyasu lead an army of 8,000 soldiers entering Kai, Shinano Province , and Ueno, to annex it. However, the Hōjō clan in the Kantō region also led an army of 55,000 men and crossed the Usui Pass to invade Shinano Province. In the battle of Wakamiko, 8,000 Tokugawa soldiers fought against around 50,000 soldiers of Hojo soldiers led by Hōjō Ujinao . Ii Naomasa were recorded has participate in this engagements. In
9360-409: The distinction between old and new forms of the characters. In particular, all Unicode normalization methods merge the old characters with the new ones. 蘒 (U+8612), which is not jōyō, is displayed as an (extended) shinjitai character; its kyūjitai counterpart is considered as a duplicate, and is thus not unified, even though some fonts such as Source Han Sans may treat it as unified. Like one of
9490-478: The eastern part of Ōmi Province that formerly known as Sawayama domain which ruled by Ishida Mitsunari. The Hikone domain which inherited through generation to descendants of Naomasa's Ii clan survived until 1871 with its last ruler from Ii clan was Ii Naonori . Aside from the Hikone Domain, another historical Domain founded under Naomasa's rule were Takasaki Domain , which he control for sometimes before it
9620-520: The end, Naomasa lost his trails from chasing Yoshihiro, although in the process his troops also manage to kill Yoshihiro nephew named Shimazu Toyohisa . After the Sekigahara battle, Naomasa asking to seek pardon towards Ieyasu for Sanada Masayuki and Sanada Yukimura at the behest of Sanada Nobuyuki . Naomasa also has his fief also increased from 60,000 koku into 180,000 koku. Naomasa complained this to Nagai Naokatsu, as he consider it small compared to Ikeda Terumasa who received 520,000 Koku. It
9750-504: The enemy. After the surrender of the Hōjō clan, Ieyasu sent Naomasa and Sakakibara Yasumasa with 1,500 soldiers to witness the Seppuku suicide ritual procession of the defeated enemy generals, Hōjō Ujimasa and Hōjō Ujiteru . As result of his meritorious service during this campaign, Naomasa were awarded with increase of domain stipends to 120,000 Koku. Later in October 28 of the same year,
9880-473: The ex-Takeda clan in Shinano province to convince them join him. However, since at that time Nobuyasu already died, Naomasa was the strongest candidate since the Ii clan historically has equal standing of ranks with Tokugawa clan. This caused many local lords and samurai clans in Shinano joined Tokugawa clan through the mediation of Naomasa as he handled around 67 letters of local lords to join the Tokugawa clan. After
10010-679: The fight against the Hōjō which lasted for 80 days. In the final phase of this conflict, Naomasa participated in the battle of Kurokoma, where the smaller Tokugawa army manage to defeat the much larger Hōjō armies, despite being reinforced by 10,000 soldiers by Satomi clan from Awa Province (Chiba) . From November to January of the following year, Naomasa worked together with another Tokugawa general Torii Mototada, and two former Takeda clan generals who now joined Tokugawa clan's rank, Hoshina Masanao and Suwa Yoritada, to attack Chikuma District which controlled by Hōjō clan vassal named Ogasawara Sadayoshi. By February 10, Sadayoshi surrendered and joined
10140-597: The first person pronoun "I". However, 芸 poses a problem, in that Japan's first public library, Untei ( 芸亭 ) (built during the Nara Period ), uses this character. This character also has significance in classical Japanese literature , and Japanese history books have had to distinguish between the two by writing UN using the old form of the 艹 radical, (艸). Mainland China, Singapore, Malaysia and Japan simplified their writing systems independently from each other. After World War II, poor relations prevented cooperation between
10270-580: The first time in the battle against Takeda Katsuyori's forces at Shibahara (芝原) in Tōtōmi Province . Since then Naomasa has been seen alongside Ieyasu's Hatamoto vanguards, alongside Honda Tadakatsu and Sakakibara Yasumasa. At the age of 18, Naomasa participated in the Tokugawa army attack on Tanaka castle which guarded by Takeda clan general named Ichijō Nobutatsu . In this battle, Naomasa fought together with Matsudaira Ietada, Sakakibara Yasumasa, and Honda Tadakatsu as they all climbed to Tanaka castle wall and fighting Nobutatsu's soldiers. In 1578, Naomasa
10400-503: The former refusing to advance out of their respect for the Hosokawa. Due to these incidents, large proportions of both armies' forces ultimately never participated in the clash at Sekigahara. Another Western Army contingent that failed to reach the Sekigahara battlefield was led by Tachibana Muneshige , who had been stalled by Kyōgoku Takatsugu in the Siege of Ōtsu . As result, Muneshige was forced to remain at Osaka Castle after learning of
10530-535: The jōyō Kanji List; 18 of them have a variant. For a list of traditional and modern forms of jōyō and jinmeiyō kanji, see Kyūjitai . Due to Han unification , some shinjitai characters are unified with their kyūjitai counterparts. Within the jōyō kanji, there are 62 characters whose kyūjitai forms may cause problems displaying: 海 社 勉 暑 漢 神 福 練 者 都 器 殺 祝 節 梅 類 祖 勤 穀 視 署 層 著 諸 難 朗 欄 廊 虜 隆 塚 祥 侮 僧 免 卑 喝 嘆 塀 墨 悔 慨 憎 懲 敏 既 煮 碑 祉 祈 禍 突 繁 臭 褐 謁 謹 賓 贈 逸 響 頻 These characters are Unicode CJK Unified Ideographs for which
10660-432: The latter two not being identical, but merely graphically similar) were simplified as 売 , 続 , and 読 , respectively, but the hyōgaiji 贖 , 犢 and 牘 , which contain the same element ( 𧶠 ), were kept in use in their unsimplified variants. Secondly, even when a simplification was done in some characters within this group, the analogous simplification was not applied to all characters. For instance,
10790-462: The latter was incapacitated by a shot from a rifleman. The Western Army forces continued to crumble without the arrival of reinforcements, further complicated by the waves of defections, until the battle had finally concluded. Historian Andō Yūichirō estimated that the battle in Sekigahara took place in its entirety over a mere 2 hours – from 10 am to noon – contrary to the Edo-period accepted theory of
10920-413: The location of the battle was registered as a Monument of Japan . The positions of Ieyasu and Mitsunari's armies, and that of the death of Ōtani Yoshitsugu, are commemorated therein. The participants of the Battle of Sekigahara are listed below, with corresponding troop count estimates (in tens of thousands): ○ = Main daimyō who participated in the Battle of Sekigahara ● = Daimyō who defected Below
11050-468: The main army of the Tokugawa were still on their way to suppress Kagekatsu. At first, Mitsunari wanted to use Gifu Castle , which at that time was commanded by Oda Hidenobu (the grandson of Oda Nobunaga ), and Ōgaki Castle as choke points to impede the advances of the Eastern Army (the Tokugawa-led coalition). However, this plan was foiled by a number of campaign events: Following these failures and
11180-601: The middle of this conflict, Naomasa further manage to recruit more samurais formerly served various Takeda generals such as Ichijō Nobutatsu , Yamagata Masakage , Masatsune Tsuchiya, and Hara Masatane with the help of former Takeda clan retainer named Kimata Morikatsu who organize the contacts of those samurais with Naomasa. Aside from military service, Naomasa played diplomatic role during this conflict as he received around 41 letters from many former Takeda clan's vassals to submit to Ieyasu. In total, more than 800 vassals of Takeda clan from Kofu Province recruited by Ieyasu during
11310-556: The more amenable Ochimusha-gari groups. As they reached Kada, an area between Kameyama town and Iga, the attacks from Ochimusha-gari finally ended as they reached the territory of Kōka ikki Jizamurai warriors who are friendly to the Tokugawa clan. The Koka ikki warriors then escorting the group while assisting them eliminating the threats of the Ochimusha-gari outlaws until they reached Iga Province , where they were further protected by samurai clans from Iga ikki which accompanied
11440-478: The new jōyō characters; contrary to prior practice no new simplifications of characters have been carried out, likely in consideration of established JIS character set use spanning decades at this point. Compare 飮 → 飲 ("drink") to 2010 jōyō 餌 ("fodder, bait"), or 錢 → 銭 ("coin") to 2010 jōyō 箋 ("label"). For the latter an analogically simplified 䇳 character does exist, but was likely ignored due to having no history of use in Japanese character sets. On
11570-628: The official variant, for instance in 篭手 vs. 籠手 ("gauntlet"). Note that despite simplification 龍 can still be found in Japanese. Conversely, the character 貫 ("pierce") was not simplified, nor was the compound character 慣 ("accustomed"), but in the other compound character 實 it was simplified, resulting in 実 ("truth"). Similarly, 卒 ("graduate") has been kept unsimplified in isolation, but in compounds has been simplified to 卆 , such as 醉 to 酔 "drunk"; 專 has been simplified to 云 in some characters, such as 傳 to 伝 ("transmit"), and 轉 to 転 ("revolve"), but it takes
11700-482: The old form (kyūjitai) and the new form (shinjitai) have been unified under the Unicode standard. Although the old and new forms are distinguished under the JIS X 0213 standard, the old forms map to Unicode CJK Compatibility Ideographs which are considered by Unicode to be canonically equivalent to the new forms, and may not be distinguished by user agents. Therefore, depending on the user environment, it may not be possible to see
11830-403: The old printed form is still seen in the hyōgaiji characters 絆 and 鮃 . The character 青 ( SEI , SHŌ , ao ; blue) was once printed as 靑 but written as 青 , so the written form became standard; the old printed form is still found in the standard form in hyōgaiji characters such as 鯖 and 蜻 , but 青 is used in some fonts. Characters of the keisei moji ( 形声文字 ) group each contain
11960-620: The other hand, former extended shinjitai 艶 ("luster") has been added in favor of 艷 . Nevertheless, the guidelines published by the Japanese government explicitly permit simplification in handwriting, and do not object to use of alternate characters in electronic text. In the 2,136 jōyō kanji , there are 364 pairs of simplified and traditional characters. The kanji 弁 is used to simplify three different traditional kanji ( 辨 , 瓣 , and 辯 ). Of these 364 traditional characters, 212 are still used as jinmeiyō kanji in names. The jinmeiyō kanji List also includes 631 kanji that are not elements of
12090-451: The peace negotiation between Ieyasu and Hideyoshi, Hideyoshi's mother, Ōmandokoro , was sent to stay with Naomasa in gentle captivity, cementing an alliance between the Tokugawa and the Toyotomi . It was reported that Hideyoshi were satisfied with Naomasa's work while guarding his mother. In 1585, during the Tokugawa clan first siege of Ueda Castle against Sanada Masayuki , Ii Naomasa led
12220-491: The predicted incoming conflict between Ieyasu with his political enemies. On the same year, Naomasa also built Takasaki Castle and relocated his seat there. Minowa Castle was abandoned and allowed to fall into ruin. In 1600, on the eve of Sekigahara campaign , Naomasa led the forces in the Tokaido area together with Honda Tadakatsu, and played a central role as Ieyasu's representative. The troops of Naomasa were reinforced with
12350-438: The punitive expedition army to take measure of this development by splitting their forces as Ieyasu, Naomasa, Ujisato, and some commanders were now changing their focus to suppress Masazane's rebellion first. Naomasa also brought some veteran vassals such as Kondō Hideyo here. During the operation against the Kunohe clan rebels, Naomasa Ii became the vanguard with Nanbu Nobunao . As they advanced towards Kunohe castle, they faced
12480-458: The rank of Jijū (equivalent of English Chamberlain office), and became the highest-ranking senior vassal in the Tokugawa family. This has made Naomasa outrank even the most senior Tokugawa officer such as Sakai Tadatsugu. in 1590 May, Naomasa participated in the Toyotomi forces during the campaign against the Hōjō clan . Later, as Minowa Castle surrendered without a fight, it was awarded to Ii Naomasa as castellan. Naomasa significantly expanded
12610-451: The ranks of the Western Army. Meanwhile, Fukushima Masanori advanced from his position, following Naomasa and immediately engaging with troops led by Ukita Hideie . At this point, the battle entered a deadlock. Ōta Gyūichi, who was present at the battle, wrote in his chronicle that "friends and foes are pushing each other" and "gunfire thunders while hails of arrows fly in the sky". According to records from Spanish accounts, 19 cannons from
12740-433: The rebels executed the prisoners inside the castle and committing mass suicide after setting fire which burned the castle for three days and three nights and killed all within. After the Kunohe clan suppressed, Naomasa's detachment then rejoin the main expedition army with Mitsunari, Asano Nagamasa, and others to finish the operation of pacify Hienuki and Waga clan, as Naomasa marched across Mutsu and Dewa Province subduing
12870-485: The region in 5 weeks after killing about 273 enemies. On September 17, Ieyasu dispatched his army, led by Kobayakawa Hideaki, to attack Sawayama Castle in Ōmi Province , the home base of Mitsunari. Most of the castle's troops had been sent to Sekigahara, leaving the castle's garrison with only 2,800 men. Despite Mitsunari's absence, the defense of the castle was initially successful under the leadership of Mitsunari's father Ishida Masatsugu and brother Masazumi. Following
13000-479: The resistances and capturing castles from Waga and Hienuki's allies during his journey. The rebellions finally being suppressed June 20 with Waga Yoshitada being slain in battle, while Hienuki Hirotada sentenced to " Kaieki law " which stated that he and his clan's status and rights as samurai being stripped. In 1598 after Hideyoshi died, political strife occurred between Ieyasu with other Toyotomi clan's regents. Naomasa undertook political initiatives as he built
13130-521: The river crossing, while 16,000 soldiers led by Naomasa, Fukushima Masanori , Hosokawa Tadaoki , Kyogoku Kochi, Kuroda Nagamasa, Katō Yoshiaki , Tōdō Takatora , Tanaka Yoshimasa, and Honda Tadakatsu went downstream at Ichinomiya . The first group led by Terumasa crossed the Kiso River and engaged in a battle at Yoneno, causing the Hidenobu army routed. On the other hand, Takegahana castle were reinforced by
13260-412: The same way in both languages, others in different ways. This means that those who want to learn the writing systems of both Chinese and Japanese must sometimes learn three different variations of one character: traditional Chinese, simplified Chinese, and modern Japanese (e.g. 龍 - 龙 - 竜 for "dragon"). Ii Naomasa Ii Naomasa ( 井伊 直政 , March 4, 1561 – March 24, 1602) was a general under
13390-647: The structures of Tokugawa clan military government. At first, Ieyasu ordered Torii Mototada, who served as the county magistrate of Kai, to collect military laws, weapons, and military equipment from the time of Takeda Shingen and bring them to Hamamatsu Castle (Hamamatsu City, Shizuoka Prefecture). Later, he also appointed two former Takeda vassals, Naruse Masakazu and Okabe Masatsuna, as magistrates under authority of Ii Naomasa and Honda Tadakatsu, while he also ordered all of former Takeda vassals who now serve him to impart any military doctrines and structures they knew during their service under Takeda clan, and lastly, he ordered
13520-502: The threat against Osaka Castle, Mitsunari changed his plan and prepared his army for an open battle on the field of Sekigahara against the main body of the Eastern Army, led by Ieyasu. As preparation for this inevitable conflict, Ieyasu had purchased massive quantities of Tanegashima matchlocks . However, one day before the beginning of the battle, Kikkawa Hiroie , vassal of the Western Army-allied Mōri clan , colluded with
13650-473: The three of his prime generals, the so-called " Tokugawa Four Heavenly Kings ," Ii Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa, to serve as supreme commander of this new military regiments. In 1586, according to " Sakakibara clan historical records", Ieyasu sent Naomasa, Honda Tadakatsu, and Sakakibara Yasumasa as representatives to Kyoto , where three of them being regarded as " Tokugawa Sanketsu "(Three great nobles of Tokugawa). Then in following month,
13780-517: The three of them joined by Sakai Tadatsugu to accompany Ieyasu in his personal trip to Kyoto, where the four of them "became famous". In 1587, during the campaign of Toyotomi Hideyoshi against the Ikkō-ikki rebel armies, the Tokugawa clan involved in the battle of Tanaka castle in Fujieda, Shizuoka . In 1588, during a visit of Tokugawa clan to pay respect to Toyotomi Hideyoshi, Naomasa were appointed to
13910-535: The traditional assessment and questioned leadership quality of Naomasa, as Kikuchi quoted the historical research works of Noda Hiroko, which titled "Ii Naomasa" , that during the battle in Komaki-Nagakute, Naomasa was acted recklessly by persoally goes to fight in frontline, engaging in melee and grappling enemy soldiers, exposed himself in dangerous position. This prompted his own subordinate, Andō Naotsugu, to chastise Naomasa for his recklessness and not behaved like
14040-401: The troops of Tsuneoki. The battle lasted over two hours, as Naomasa units repeatedly foiled attempted charges towards his position by Tsuneoki and Mori Nagayoshi troops with musket rifle barrages, until Nagayoshi was shot and killed in action, causing the entire Tokugawa forces gained the upper hand amid chaos. Tsuneoki also killed by Nagai Naokatsu 's spear and died in battle. Motosuke Ikeda
14170-510: The two nations. Traditional Chinese characters are still officially used in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, South Korea (as a supplement to Hangul , but they are no longer used in North Korea), and by many overseas Chinese. In Chinese, many more characters were simplified than in Japanese; some characters were simplified only in the one language, but not in the other; other characters were simplified in
14300-407: The variant forms 嶋 (still seen in proper names) and 嶌 , but only the 島 form became standard. The 辶 radical was previously printed with two dots (as in the hyōgaiji 逞 ) but was written with one (as in 道 ), so the written form with one dot became standard. The upper 丷 portion of the characters 半, 尊, and 平 was previously printed as 八 and written 丷 (as in the aforementioned examples), but
14430-530: The war, Ieyasu entrusted the newly recruited samurai from ex-Takeda territories into the command of Ii clan. Noda concluded this is the start of the establishment of Ii clan as strong daimyo clan which ruled Hikone until the Meiji Restoration . Historian Toshikazu Komiyama believed this steps were an effort of Ieyasu to strengthen and rejuvenate the Ii clan after facing danger of extinction due to decades of troubles which weakened them internally. Ii Naomasa
14560-491: The wound he received at Sekigahara . Naomasa was highly regarded by Tokugawa Ieyasu , so it is no surprise that his sons Naotsugu and Naotaka succeeded him in his service and title. However, Naotsugu managed to anger Ieyasu by refusing to take part in his campaign to reduce the Toyotomi clan stronghold at Osaka . According to the Confucian scholar Oze Hoan [ja] (1564–1640), in his biographical work Taikōki , Ii Naomasa had
14690-549: Was 廳 → 庁 , removing 20 strokes. The simplification in shinjitai were only officially applied to characters in the Tōyō and Jōyō Kanji Lists, with the kyūjitai forms remaining the official forms of Hyōgaiji ( 表外字 , characters not included in the Tōyō and Jōyō Kanji Lists) . For example, the character 擧 ( KYO , agaru , ageru ; raise [an example]) was simplified as 挙 , but the character 欅 ( keyaki ; zelkova tree) which also contained 擧 , remained unsimplified due to its status as
14820-449: Was a senior vassal and guardian of the Tojo branch of Matsudaira clan. The Tojo Matsudaira eventually lost their heir, but Tokugawa Ieyasu had his fourth son, Matsudaira Tadayoshi , to inherit the position of the head of Tojo Matsudaira. Furthermore, Tadayoshi married Masako, the daughter of to Naomasa and Hana. As one of hereditary samurai clan in Tōtōmi Province , the Ii clan has experienced
14950-450: Was achieved through a process (similar to that of simplified Chinese ) of either replacing the onpu ( 音符 , "sound mark") indicating the On reading with another onpu of the same On reading with fewer strokes, or replacing a complex component of a character with a simpler one. There have been a few stages of simplifications made since the 1950s, but the only changes that became official were
15080-508: Was afraid of his wife. According to one theory, Ako risked her life to have her son Naotaka acknowledged as her son. After going to such lengths, even Naomasa had no choice but to acknowledge Naotaka as his own son. Naomasa has built up close relation with the Matsudaira clan through marriages, as his wife, Hana, was a daughter Matsudaira Yasuchika. Yasuchika was originally from the Matsui clan and
15210-743: Was also killed by Andō Naotsugu. Meanwhile Ikeda Terumasa retreated from the battlefield. Eventually, the Tsuneoki and Mori forces were crushed, and the battle ended in victory for the Tokugawa force. In this battle, Naomasa fought so valiantly that it elicited praise from Toyotomi Hideyoshi , who was on the opposing side. After the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute, the front line in northern Owari reached stalemate. Ieyasu and Oda Nobukatsu led 20,000 soldiers and besieged three castles: Kanie Castle, Maeda Castle, and Shimoichiba Castle. The Kanie castle were defended by Maeda Nagatane and Takigawa Kazumasu . Tadatsugu, Okanabe Mori, and Yamaguchi Shigemasa spearheading
15340-457: Was also known as the founder of Hikone Castle , after he given task by Tokugawa Ieyasu appoint him the rule of a new domain centered at Sawayama Castle. The Hikone Castle completed by his son Ii Naokatsu in 1622. The area remained under the control of Hikone Domain through the end of the Edo Period . He also known as the first governor of the newly established Hikone Domain , which formed from
15470-526: Was appointed as a page of Tokugawa Ieyasu after visiting him in Hamamatsu Castle . At that time, there are three influential clans in Iinoya which led by the so-called "Iinoya trio", consisted of Suzuki Shigetoki, Kondō Yasumochi, and Suganuma Tadahisa. which joined the Tokugawa clan's rank after Ieyasu's invasion of Totomi in 1568. As they entered service under Ieyasu, they were placed by Ieyasu under The command of Naomasa. In 1576, Naomasa fought for
15600-474: Was consequently given to Yamauchi Kazutoyo in recognition of his service to the Tokugawa. Several former Chōsokabe retainers resisted the forcible takeover by the Tokugawa and Yamauchi; in response, Ii Naomasa sent military reinforcements to assist Kazutoyo in suppressing the rebellion of Chōsokabe vassals in Tosa. Suzuki Hyōe, vassal of Naomasa, relieved Kazutoyo with an army transported by 8 ships, ultimately pacifying
15730-632: Was engaged by the troops of Kuroda Nagamasa , who had taken a detour on the north to flank the Mitsunari and Sakon positions. In the end, Sakon was shot and fatally wounded by a round from an arquebus. Following the capitulation of Sakon's unit, Shimazu Yoshihiro found his troops completely surrounded by Masanori and Honda Tadakatsu from the front, while Hideaki troops attacked his rear. The Shimazu troops only managed to break their encirclement after devastating casualties, escaping with only 200 soldiers remaining; even then, they were pursued by Ii Naomasa until
15860-512: Was exploited by the Tokugawa to sway his loyalty. Two prevailing theories exist regarding the timeline of Hideaki's defection: Regardless of what actually transpired, the turncoat Kobayakawa forces overwhelmed Yoshitsugu's position. At the same time, Yoshitsugu's troops also engaged the units led by Tōdō Takatora , and Oda Yūraku . Following the defection of Hideaki, Western Army leaders Wakisaka Yasuharu , Ogawa Suketada , Akaza Naoyasu and Kutsuki Mototsuna also changed sides, further turning
15990-537: Was given control of 10,000 koku of domain, due to unspecified distinguished military merit during that year Later, Arthur Lindsay Sadler wrote that At the age of 19, Naomasa gained attention for his first notable performance in battle. Later, at the age of 22, Naomasa perform another distinguishing military service against the Takeda clan , at Siege of Takatenjin in 1581. It was said that during this period, Naomasa gained Ieyasu favor due to his blood relation with Lady Tsukiyama , Ieyasu's legal wife. In 1582, after
16120-400: Was heavy fogs covering the battlefield, causing him to unintentionally started the first clash against the enemy and breaking Ieyasu's order to let Masanori doing the first move in this battle. Meanwhile, Watanabe Daimon offered explanation that by many indications of the battle records, the assignment of Naomasa as Ichiban-yari or the first unit to charge the enemy were already settled before
16250-405: Was ineffective at best and badly backfired for the Mōri at worst, as their domains were greatly reduced by the Tokugawa following the battle, and some Mōri troops notably did fight with the Western Army at Sekigahara rather than maintaining their neutrality. Sentiments of defection were divided among the Mōri; Mōri Hidemoto , cousin of and commander under Terumoto, genuinely attempted to meet and aid
16380-416: Was outnumbered in a successful attack led by Kobayakawa Hideaki; Yoshitsugu committed suicide and his troops retreated shortly thereafter. The Ōtani retreat left the Western Army's right flank wide open, which Masanori and Hideaki then exploited to roll the flank of the Western Army. Mitsunari, realizing the situation was desperate, also began retreating his troops. Meanwhile, Western Army commander Shima Sakon
16510-616: Was subsequently killed. Naomasa, then a very small child, escaped his danger. After many difficulties, Ii Naotora succeeded the Ii clan and become the guardian of Naomasa. According to "Ii family biography, In 1574 Naomasa came to Ryutanji Temple for the 13th anniversary of Naochika's death. Then Naotora and Ryutanji Temple Chief Priest Nankei Zuimon, who also happen to be Naomasa's great uncle, consulted and tried to make Naomasa serve Tokugawa Ieyasu. First, in order to prevent Toramatsu from returning to Horai-ji Temple, Hiyo married Kiyokage Matsushita,
16640-455: Was tasked to lead the garrison of Minowa Castle. In 1590, Tobai-in gave birth to Ii Naokatsu. However, in the same year, Naomasa's second son, Ii Naotaka , was born. Naotaka's mother, Ako, was said to be the daughter of Inbu Tokuemon, who served Matsudaira Yasuchika. When Naomasa married to Tobai-in, Ako came to the Ii family as a maid to serve as maid. It was said that Naomasa was afraid of his wife and hid not only Ako but also Naotaka. Naomasa
16770-606: Was to be composed of Eastern Army forces thereupon engaged in the West, including the armies of Katō Kiyomasa , Kuroda Yoshitaka , Nabeshima Naoshige , and the Tachibana clan . However, this operation was aborted once Shimazu Yoshihisa , the head of the Shimazu clan , entered negotiations with Ieyasu. Shimazu-Tokugawa deliberations continued until 1602 and were aided by the intercession of Kiyomasa, Yoshitaka, and Tachibana Muneshige ; ultimately,
16900-497: Was transferred to Sakai Ietsugu, son of Sakai Tadatsugu . Naomasa's sets of armour are all preserved and exhibited within Hikone Castle museum, including an armor with golden horns in its helmet. The armor is fully coated in shu-urushi (red lacquer). This kind of armor were recorded being used by Naomasa during the battle of Komaki-Nagakute. Another armor which the museum preserved is the first Naomasa armor which he used during
#415584