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56-500: Segregation may refer to: Separation of people [ edit ] Geographical segregation , rates of two or more populations which are not homogenous throughout a defined space School segregation Housing segregation Racial segregation , separation of humans into racial groups in daily life Racial segregation in the United States Religious segregation ,

112-644: A heretical movement because of the Baháʼí belief that Bahá'u'lláh is a divinely ordained prophet in contradiction of the Qur'an , which asserts that Muhammad is the last and final messenger sent to mankind. In 2015, Malaysian human rights activist Shafiqah Othman Hamzah noted that the practice of apartheid policies against different religions in Malaysia is institutionalised and widespread, adding that "What we are living in Malaysia

168-492: A brokerage firm, on the broker's books Segregated cycle facilities , marked lanes, tracks, shoulders and paths designated for use by bicyclists Trail segregation , the practice of designating certain trails as having a specific preferred or exclusive use See also [ edit ] All pages with titles containing Segregation All pages with titles beginning with Segregation Segment (disambiguation) Separate (disambiguation) Topics referred to by

224-512: A combination of both legal frameworks and social conventions regarding segregation. A gated community today is a controlled neighborhood , inhabited by people with common interests , such as safety, or class separation, but not necessarily of the same ethnicity or religion —it is distinct from an international community (in most cases). Gated communities are very controversial, as they can be seen as encouraging distinction and separation, and therefore superiority from those who do not live with

280-399: A controversy in the past and continues to arouse strong feelings even today. In the past a number of dignitaries, including former prime minister Indira Gandhi , had not been allowed to enter the 12th century shrine; she was married to a Parsi , Feroze Gandhi . In 2005, Princess Mahachakri Sirindhorn of Thailand was not allowed inside the temple as she is a Buddhist . In 2006,

336-639: A forgotten mosque provided ammunition for those seeking office at the provincial level. Making an issue out of a non-issue, the Sind Muslim League in early June 1939 formally reclaimed the mosque. Once its deadline of 1 October 1939 for the restoration of the mosque to Muslims had passed, the League started an agitation. In the few years before the partition, the Muslim League "monetarily subsidized" mobs that engaged in communal violence against Hindus and Sikhs in

392-405: A given area, humans will settle down and buy or take land. Some privileged people will acquire better land (that is, more arable , proximate to potential capital , more pleasing views). Demand for these nicer habitats drives up prices, and areas deemed “better” based solely on geography become inherently exclusionary in their population makeup. West Point Grey , an area of Vancouver Canada ,

448-405: A material constituent at a free surface or an internal interface of a material Particle segregation , tendency of particulate solids to segregate by size, density, shape, and other properties Magnetic-activated cell sorting , a method for separation of various cell populations depending on their surface antigens Other uses [ edit ] Segregate (taxonomy) , created when a taxon

504-421: A million and a million people were killed. Tens of thousands of women were abducted, usually by men of a different religion. In Punjab in particular, where Hindus, Muslims and Sikhs had lived together for generations and spoke the same language, a stark segregation was brought about as Muslims headed west to Pakistan and Hindus and Sikhs fled east to India. — British Broadcasting Corporation Shi'a Islam has been

560-723: A music program, was stopped at the Guruvayur Temple gate. He finally had to sing bhajans outside the temple wall. Though several temples in Kerala have signs saying non-Hindus are barred entry, few of them enforce it as strictly as Guruvayur Temple, which insists on following its distinct traditions. 'Only Orthodox Hindus are allowed’, reads a signboard hanging from the Lion's Gate of the Sri Jagannath Temple in Puri . The issue has triggered many

616-464: A recent survey conducted by the University of Ulster. In housing and education, Northern Ireland remains one of the most segregated tracts of land anywhere on the planet—less than one in 10 children attends a school that is integrated between Catholics and Protestant. This figure has remained stubbornly low despite the cessation of violence. Today, Pakistan is officially an Islamic country and defines who

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672-526: A social phenomenon, as well as segregation which arises from laws, whether they are explicit or implicit. The similar term religious apartheid has also been used for situations where people are separated based on their religion, including sociological phenomena. Religious segregation has been practiced in Bosnia and Herzegovina since the 12th century. Being historically a multi-ethnic and multi-religious nation, ethnicity and religion are interchangeable within

728-580: A vital role in Burma's struggle for democracy have taken measures to block any humanitarian assistance to the Rohingya community. In July 2012, the Myanmar Government did not include the Rohingya minority group–-classified as stateless Bengali Muslims from Bangladesh. Myanmar immigration law was amended in 1982 declared 135 indigenous ethnic races of Myanmar without the Rohingya and therefore they are not granted

784-453: Is almost no different from apartheid." The 2012 Rakhine State riots are a series of ongoing conflicts between Rohingya Muslims and ethnic Rakhine in northern Rakhine State , Myanmar . The riots broke out after weeks of sectarian disputes and they have been condemned by most people on both sides of the conflict. The immediate cause of the riots is unclear, with many commentators citing the killing of ten Burmese Muslims by ethnic Rakhine after

840-547: Is and who is not a Muslim. Under these conditions, Ahmadi Muslims are declared non-Muslim by law of the land and cannot claim to be Muslim. They are not permitted to call their mosques as mosques, or meet with people with the Islamic greeting of Peace . Ahmadi Muslims are excluded from government and any other high-profile positions within Pakistan unless they sign a covenant stating themselves to be non-Muslim. There have been cases when

896-541: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Geographical segregation In social geography segregation of ethnic groups , social classes and genders is often measured by the calculation of indices such as the index of dissimilarity . Different dimensions of segregation (or its contrary) are recognized: exposure, evenness, clustering, concentration, centralization, etc. More recent studies also highlight new local indices of segregation. Geographical segregation

952-574: Is done on the understanding that there is enough food and water supplied. [...] It's not clear whose work it is [...] but if I have the evidence who exactly did this I will bring them to account." On the banks of the Bagmati River in Kathmandu , Nepal is a Pashupatinath Temple dedicated to Pashupatinath . This temple complex which is on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites 's list since 1979

1008-603: Is in part rich because of the views offered of Downtown Vancouver , the Gulf Islands , and its location near the water and University of British Columbia . Wealthy people had the resources to pay for advantages, and subsequently drove up prices. Examples of this can be seen all over the world. Geographical segregation is not always defined by the sightline of places. It also occurs around certain structures, or simply in areas that are specifically developed with an income bracket in mind. These social factors are commonly attributed to

1064-422: Is most common among lower income people who live in larger towns and cities, and areas where there have been heightened levels of violence. In 2012 Foreign Policy reported: The number of " peacewalls ," physical barriers separating Catholic and Protestant communities, has increased sharply since the first ceasefires in 1994. Most people in the region cannot envisage the barriers being removed, according to

1120-474: Is most often measured with individuals' place of residence , but increasing geographical data availability makes it now possible to compute segregation indexes using individuals' activity space , in whole or in part. Segregation, as a broad concept, has appeared in all parts of the world where people exist—in different contexts and times it takes on different forms, shaped by the physical and human environments. The spatial concentration of population groups

1176-590: Is not a new phenomenon . Since societies began to form there have been segregated inhabitants. Either segregated purposefully by force, or gradually over time, segregation was based on socio-economic, religious, educational, linguistic or ethnic grounds. Some groups choose to be segregated to strengthen social identity . Segregation can be caused by legal frameworks, such as in the extreme example of apartheid in South Africa, and even Jewish ghettoization in Germany in

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1232-462: Is split off from another taxon Chromosome segregation , the process that occurs during cell division whereby chromosomes separate and migrate to opposite ends of the cell Mendel's law of segregation , observation in Mendelian inheritance that each parent passes only one allele to its offspring Security segregation , regulatory rules requiring that customer assets be held separate from assets of

1288-762: The Strait of Malacca , after 21 days at sea. Over the years thousands of Rohingya also have fled to Thailand. There are roughly 111,000 refugees housed in nine camps along the Thai-Myanmar border. There have been charges that groups of them have been shipped and towed out to open sea from Thailand, and left there. In February 2009, there was evidence of the Thai army towing a boatload of 190 Rohingya refugees out to sea. A group of refugees rescued by Indonesian authorities also in February 2009 told harrowing stories of being captured and beaten by

1344-517: The constitutional right to practice their religion. The Muslim Network for Baháʼí Rights has reported cases of Baháʼí students being expelled from university due to their religion. According to the Times Higher Education, Baháʼí educators are required to renounce their faith in order to teach in Iranian universities. Due to its heterodox beliefs, the Baháʼí faith is officially considered

1400-590: The legislation passed dealt with physical segregation in schools, land tenure, geographic segregation and state repression. These were very clearly legislative, but also in the case of most white South Africans, a social construct as well. Segregation can also be encouraged, using geographical boundaries, while not explicitly enforced. Public housing projects , especially in the United States, have been criticized for this. Putting cheap housing in poor black neighborhoods encouraged local African-Americans to stay in

1456-547: The state religion of Iran since the Iranian Revolution in 1979. While Judaism , Christianity , and Zoroastrianism are officially recognized and legally protected religious minorities, they are not allowed to evangelize or allow Muslim Iranians to convert to other faiths. Other religious minorities, such as those of the Baháʼí Faith , are not recognized by the government and thus do not have any legal protections nor

1512-647: The 20th century. Segregation can also happen slowly, stimulated by increased land and housing prices in certain neighborhoods, resulting in segregation of rich and poor in many urban cities. Segregation can also be assigned arbitrarily. This can occur on a global scale, such as is seen in the Partition of India , instances in Ireland , and many other situations. Geographical boundaries were often put in place without much consideration for native peoples and natural geographic terrain and cultural limits that had long been in place. In

1568-563: The Ahmadi Muslims have been expelled from schools, colleges and universities, for being Ahmadi Muslim. Once the entire population of Rabwah , the Pakistani headquarters of Ahmadi Muslims was charged under Anti-Ahmadiyya laws. Pakistan also houses some holy sites for Sikhism. Due to security concerns, Muslims are not allowed in the Samadhi of Ranjit Singh at Lahore fort. Prior to 1 March 2004,

1624-806: The Catholic Croats held power under the Austro-Hungarian Empire , and the Serbs held major political influence during the Kingdom of Yugoslavia . Schooling in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been segregated by religion with educational services being provided by religious groups and organizations, this practice finds its roots as far back as the Vidovdan Constitution of 1921. Religious segregation in schooling continued during Communist Yugoslavia with government intervention proving ineffective. Since 1995 with

1680-484: The Thai military, and then abandoned at open sea. By the end of February, there were reports that of a group of five boats were towed out to open sea, of which four boats sank in a storm, and one washed up on the shore. On 12 February 2009, Thailand's prime minister Abhisit Vejjajiva said there were "some instances" in which Rohingya people were pushed out to sea. "There are attempts, I think, to let these people drift to other shores. [...] when these practices do occur, it

1736-1038: The United States Segregation academy (United States) Social exclusion Related topics Apartheid laws Anti-miscegenation laws Black Codes Corporative federalism Discrimination Ghetto benches Hafrada Jim Crow laws Majority minority Nativism Nuremberg Laws Racism Rankism Religious intolerance Reservation in India Second-class citizen Separate school (Canada) Shunning Social apartheid White Australia policy Xenophobia See also: Pillarisation [REDACTED] Category caste gender racial [REDACTED] Commons Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Segregation&oldid=1251789803 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Segregation Hidden categories: Short description

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1792-538: The United States, segregation was enforced through the law. Notably, the racial segregation between white and black racial populations in the American South during the late 1800s into the first half of the 20th century. These laws consisted of separating people of color from white people in public places, including movie theaters, restaurants, schools, shopping centers, etc. The legislations were commonly referred to as Jim Crow laws . Although these laws were abolished in

1848-625: The Universe. Non-Hindus are not allowed inside the temple, although this is not always enforced. On the northern side of Vishwanath Temple is the Gyan Kupor Well. Non-Hindus are also strictly forbidden entry here. The partition of India entailed creating two countries - India and Pakistan - on the basis of religion, as demanded by Muhammad Ali Jinnah and the All India Muslim League , though not without significant opposition . In

1904-484: The area, keeping other richer areas white by not building public housing there. Current day, many communities within the United States are still segregated, due to the ongoing racial inequalities still present and self-segregation . Segregation can also be caused by social factors that become evident as they happen, but are not necessarily government sanctioned. This could be things like informal ghettos, or simply rich neighborhoods. In terms of land capital, over time in

1960-572: The areas of Multan, Rawalpindi, Campbellpur, Jhelum and Sargodha, as well as in the Hazara District . The Muslim League paid assassins money for every Hindu and Sikh they murdered. As such, leaders of the pro-separatist Muslim League, including Muhammad Ali Jinnah, issued no condemnation of the violence against Hindus and Sikhs in the Punjab. Amid a terrible slaughter in which all main communities were both aggressors and victims, somewhere between half

2016-534: The colonial Indian province of Sind , the historian Ayesha Jalal describes the actions that the All India Muslim League used in order to undermine the government of Allah Bakhsh Soomro , which stood for a united India : Even before the 'Pakistan' demand was articulated, the dispute over the Sukkur Manzilgah had been fabricated by provincial Leaguers to unsettle Allah Bakhsh Soomro's ministry which

2072-401: The community. These improvements to the community consist of reconstructing public transit, the businesses within downtown areas, and the houses in neighborhoods. This raises the overall investment value of the area, which increases the living costs. Which in turn, causes the original low-income residents to be displaced, due to the unaffordability. It can also create physical health issues for

2128-414: The form of ethnoburbs , which are essentially the same concept as an ethnic enclave, but specifically located in suburbs, rather than the traditional downtowns, where Chinatowns and Little Italys are usually based. Religious segregation Religious segregation is the separation of people according to their religion . The term has been applied to cases of religious-based segregation which occurs as

2184-590: The gang rape and murder of a Rakhine woman as the main cause. Whole villages have been "decimated". Over three hundred houses and a number of public buildings have been razed. According to Tun Khin, the President of the Burmese Rohingya Organisation UK (BROUK), as of 28 June 650 Rohingyas have been killed, 1,200 are missing, and more than 80,000 have been displaced. According to the Myanmar authorities,

2240-455: The gates community. Self segregation is almost as common an occurrence as involuntary segregation is. Often, immigrants coming to a new and foreign country will band together for mutual benefit, and to keep a sense of community in the new country. These can be called ethnic enclaves and can be formed by any community or people group. Some well-known groups are Chinatowns , Little Italys and barrios . These localized phenomena also come in

2296-502: The group may be looked down upon and segregated purposefully. This does not mean that all ghettos are built up communities and buildings specifically for a segregation purpose, although many are. In the case of the United States, segregation of the African-American community was to a degree due to white flight out of the cities, rather than forcing African-Americans to live in the downtown cores. Gated communities could be seen as

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2352-436: The impacts of gentrification . Gentrification is the process in which the makeup of a community is changed. These changes include racial identity, economic status, and level of education. Generally, gentrification occurs in communities that are low-income and a majority-minority population. It begins when affluent families, usually of white racial identity, move into these lower-income neighborhoods and invest their money into

2408-546: The implementation of the Dayton Agreement , the Bosnian government has agreed and maintained upon a “two schools under one roof policy”, allowing religious schooling to continue as a form of cultural protection. In 2014, Herzegovina-Neretva became the first canton to ban religious schooling. The debate over the ban on non-Hindus entering Hindu temples began around 30 years ago when singer Yesudas , who planned to take part in

2464-580: The indigenous rights and only small part of the people can claim Myanmar citizenship per the law. According to Amnesty International , the Muslim Rohingya people have continued to suffer from human rights violations under the Burmese junta since 1978, and many have fled to neighbouring Bangladesh as a result. As of 2005, the UNHCR ( United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees ) had been assisting with

2520-705: The main temple from adjacent side of the river. In Northern Ireland religious segregation has been a phenomenon which increased in many areas, particularly in the capital city of Belfast and Derry . This trend increased since the Troubles , a protracted series of conflicts and tensions between Roman Catholics and Protestants from the late 1960s to the late 2000s. Segregation does not occur everywhere. State schools are non-denominational, but many Roman Catholics send their children to Roman Catholic Maintained Schools. In government housing, most people will choose to be housed within their own communities. This form of segregation

2576-486: The mid 1960’s the impacts are still present in American communities today. Represented through the significant gap in homeownership, income status, and education levels in communities of color versus majority white.   In apartheid South Africa , segregation was very much a legal concept. Enforced by the government, black and South-Africans of color were discriminated against, and forced to comply with apartheid. Some of

2632-485: The nation: Croatians are largely Catholic , Bosniaks are largely Muslim , and Serbs are largely Orthodox . These ethnoreligious linkages have influenced political and cultural dynamics, especially during periods of political dominance under foreign dominance where in one group would hold power over the others. Bosniak Muslims held more political influence and power under the Ottoman Empire than any other group,

2688-494: The official Saudi government website stated that Jews were forbidden from entering the country; however, this practice was not enforced. In Mecca , only Muslims are allowed, while non-Muslims may not enter or pass through. Attempting to enter Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in penalties such as a fine; being in Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in deportation. In Medina , non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Nabawi Square, where

2744-449: The original residents. As they are segregated in areas typically near factors or construction zones, exposing them to toxins. The Center for Disease Control and Prevention has issued that gentrification is a public health issue. Another segregation term, the ghetto , has been used in many different contexts over time, generally meaning any physical part of a city predominantly occupied by any particular group of people. It implies that

2800-562: The repatriation of Rohingya from Bangladesh, but allegations of human rights abuses in the refugee camps have threatened this effort. Despite earlier efforts by the UN, the vast majority of Rohingya refugees have remained in Bangladesh, unable to return because of the regime in Myanmar. Now they face problems in Bangladesh where they do not receive support from the government. In February 2009, many Rohingya refugees were helped by Acehnese sailors in

2856-1787: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Segregation . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. v t e Segregation in countries by type (in some countries, categories overlap) Religious Partition of India Northern Ireland Israel Serbia Greece and Turkey Partition of Bengal Portugal Saudi Arabia Spain Bahrain Myanmar Ethnic and racial Canada Bahrain Brazil Bulgaria and Romania Bulgaria Czechoslovakia and Hungary Dominican Republic Fiji France Germany Israel Malaysia Portugal Rhodesia Apartheid in South Africa Spain Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates United Kingdom United States Civil War Separate but equal School segregation Brown v. Board of Education Massive resistance Anti-miscegenation laws Gender Islam Afghanistan Iran Saudi Arabia Judaism Sex segregation in public restrooms Separatist feminism Dynamics Auto-segregation Balkanization Ethnic cleansing Ethnic federalism Bantustan Ethnopluralism Ethnocracy Exclusionary zoning Forced migration Internment labor camps Residential segregation in

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2912-693: The separation of people according to their religion Residential segregation , the physical separation of two or more groups into different neighbourhoods Sex segregation , the physical, legal, and cultural separation of people according to their biological sex Occupational segregation , the distribution of people based upon demographic characteristics, most often gender, both across and within occupations and jobs Age segregation , separation of people based on their age and may be observed in many aspects of some societies Health segregation. Segregation by health condition. Separation of objects [ edit ] Segregation in materials , enrichment of

2968-542: The shrine did not allow a citizen of Switzerland named Elizabeth Jigler, who had donated 17.8 million Indian rupees to the temple, because she is a Christian. Kashi Vishvanath Varanasi in Varanasi , the temple stands on the western bank of the holy river Ganga , and is one of the 12 Jyotirlingas , the holiest of Shiva temples. The most famous of the many temples in Varanasi is the one dedicated to Vishveswara — Shiva as Lord of

3024-627: The violence, between ethnic Rakhine Buddhists and Rohingya Muslims, left 78 people dead, 87 injured, and thousands of homes destroyed. It also displaced more than 52,000 people. The government has responded by imposing curfews and by deploying troops in the region. On 10 June 2012, a state of emergency was declared in Rakhine, allowing the military to participate in the administration of the region. The Burmese army and police have been accused of targeting Rohingya Muslims through mass arrests and arbitrary violence. A number of monks' organisations that played

3080-569: Was dependent on support from the Congress and Independent Party. Intended as a way station for Mughal troops on the move, the Manzilgah included a small mosque which had been subsequently abandoned. On a small island in the near distance was the temple of Saad Bela, sacred space for the large number of Hindus settled on the banks of the Indus at Sukkur. The symbolic convergence of the identity and sovereignty over

3136-467: Was erected anew in the 15th century by King kirat Yalamber. Entry into the inner courtyard is strictly monitored by the temple security, which is selective of who is allowed inside. Only practicing Hindus and Buddhists of Indian and Tibetan descendant are allowed into temple courtyard. Practicing Hindus and Buddhists of other than Nepali, Indian, Tibetan descent are not allowed into the temple complex along with other non Hindu visitors. Others can look at

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