SecondHandSongs (or Second Hand Songs ) is a collaborative website that maintains a global database of mainly cover versions of original works. It also contains information about adaptations and samples . The website allows performers and volunteer curators to add songs and update their metadata . It includes links to freely accessible recordings of the covers, and external identifiers for those works and performances in other databases.
20-438: As of 2021, it included roughly a million covers of 100,000 original works, and was cross-referenced by MusicBrainz . Data are contributed and edited by the active community, so the exact size of the database has changed over time. In 2007, the project included 60,000 covers. As of 2020, it had reached a million covers. SecondHandSongs includes a work ID for each work, and a performance ID for each version (cover or original) of
40-530: A large user base, enabling the database to expand rapidly. By 2005, TRM was experiencing difficulties in handling the sheer volume of data, as the number of tracks stored in the database had surpassed the million mark.This issue was resolved in May 2006 when MusicBrainz partnered with MusicIP (now AmpliFIND ), replacing TRM with MusicDNS. TRMs were phased out and replaced by MusicDNS in November 2008. In October 2009 MusicIP
60-524: A program can fingerprint a recording, and submit the fingerprint to MusicDNS via the Internet. MusicDNS attempts to match the submission to fingerprints in its database. If the MusicDNS service finds an approximate match, it returns a code called a PUID (Portable Unique Identifier). This code does not contain any acoustic information; rather, it enables a computer program to retrieve identifying information (such as
80-485: A work by a performer. A work is an equivalence class , i.e. a list, of performances of the same underlying song. Each performer has, at most, one performance for each work in the database. In 2011, the Million Song Dataset project released a SecondHandSongs subset (an intersection of SHS and MSD data). At the time, this was the largest dataset of cover songs available for academic research. Later, it released
100-469: Is a MetaBrainz Foundation project tied to MusicBrainz. It aims to re-implement Last.fm features that were lost following that platform's acquisition by CBS. ListenBrainz takes submissions from media players and services such as Music Player Daemon , Spotify , and Rhythmbox in the form of listens. ListenBrainz can also import Last.fm and Libre.fm scrobbles in order to build listening history. As listens are released under an open license, ListenBrainz
120-504: Is in charge of maintaining and reviewing the data. Until May 16, 2022, cover art was also provided for items on sale at Amazon.com and some other online resources, but CAA is now preferred, because it gives the community more control and flexibility for managing the images. In As of November 2024 , over 5.5 million images exist in the archive. In June 2024, MusicBrainz launched the Event Art Archive, another joint venture with
140-825: Is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public License , which allows use of the code by proprietary software products. In December 2004, the MusicBrainz project was turned over to the MetaBrainz Foundation , a non-profit group, by its creator Robert Kaye. On 20 January 2006, the first commercial venture to use MusicBrainz data was the Barcelona , Spain-based Linkara in their "Linkara Música" service. On 28 June 2007, BBC announced that it had licensed MusicBrainz's live data feed to augment their music web pages. The BBC online music editors would also join
160-490: Is useful for music research for industry and development purposes. AmpliFIND AmpliFIND is an acoustic fingerprinting service and a software development kit developed by the US company MusicIP . MusicIP first marketed their fingerprinting algorithm and service as MusicDNS . In 2006, MusicIP reported that the MusicDNS database had more than 22 million fingerprints of digital audio recordings. One of their customers
180-583: The SHS100k dataset for machine learning, with 100k covers of 10k works. This has since become a benchmark for cover-song identification. MusicBrainz MusicBrainz is a MetaBrainz project that aims to create a collaborative music database that is similar to the freedb project. MusicBrainz was founded in response to the restrictions placed on the Compact Disc Database (CDDB), a database for software applications to look up audio CD information on
200-546: The public domain , and additional content, including moderation data (essentially every original content contributed by users and its elaborations), is placed under the Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA -2.0 license. The relational database management system is PostgreSQL . The server software is covered by the GNU General Public License . The MusicBrainz client software library , libmusicbrainz ,
220-600: The Internet Archive. The project is labeled as "the internet's greatest repository for event art", and as of November 2024 , contains over 4,000 images. Besides collecting metadata about music, MusicBrainz also allows looking up recordings by their acoustic fingerprint . A separate application, such as MusicBrainz Picard, is used to do this. In 2000, MusicBrainz started using Relatable's patented TRM (a recursive acronym for TRM Recognizes Music) for acoustic fingerprint matching. The popularity of this feature drew in
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#1732858398890240-401: The Internet. MusicBrainz has expanded its goals to reach beyond a CD metadata (this is information about the performers, artists, songwriters, etc.) storehouse to become a structured online database for music. MusicBrainz captures information about artists, their recorded works, and the relationships between them. Recorded works entries capture at a minimum the album title, track titles, and
260-479: The MusicBrainz community to contribute their knowledge to the database. On 28 July 2008, the beta of the new BBC Music site was launched, which publishes a page for each MusicBrainz artist. MusicBrainz Picard is a free and open-source software application for identifying, tagging , and organising digital audio recordings. Picard identifies audio files and compact discs by comparing either their metadata or their acoustic fingerprints with records in
280-438: The database. Audio file metadata (or "tags") are a means for storing information about a recording in the file. When Picard identifies an audio file , it can add new information to it, such as the recording artist, the album title, the record label , and the date of release. ListenBrainz is a free and open source project that aims to crowdsource listening data from digital music and release it under an open license . It
300-456: The database; these images are hosted by Cover Art Archive (CAA), a joint project between Internet Archive and MusicBrainz started in 2012. Internet Archive provides the bandwidth, storage and legal protection for hosting the images, while MusicBrainz stores metadata and provides public access through the Web and via an API for third parties to use. As with other contributions, the MusicBrainz community
320-549: The digital music service offerings of their Gracenote division. Tribune Media subsequently purchased Gracenote, including the MusicDNS software. To use the MusicDNS service, software developers write a computer program that incorporates an open-source software library called LibOFA. This library implements the Open Fingerprint Architecture, a specification developed during 2000–05 by MusicIP's previous incarnation, Predixis Corporation. Through LibOFA,
340-545: The first two minutes of a track, detecting the strength in each of 12 pitch classes , storing these eight times per second. Additional post-processing is then applied to compress this fingerprint while retaining patterns. The AcoustID search server then searches from the database of fingerprints by similarity and returns the AcoustID identifier along with MusicBrainz recording identifiers, if known. Since 2003, MusicBrainz's core data (artists, recordings, releases, and so on) are in
360-728: The length of each track. These entries are maintained by volunteer editors who follow community written style guidelines. Recorded works can also store information about the release date and country, the CD ID, cover art , acoustic fingerprint , free-form annotation text and other metadata. As of November 2024 , MusicBrainz contains information on over 2.4 million artists, 4.4 million releases, and 33.6 million recordings. End-users can use software that communicates with MusicBrainz to add metadata tags to their digital media files, such as ALAC , FLAC , MP3 , Ogg Vorbis or AAC . MusicBrainz allows contributors to upload cover art images of releases to
380-403: Was MetaBrainz Foundation , a non-profit company that used MusicDNS in their MusicBrainz and MusicBrainz Picard software products. Even so, MusicIP dissolved in 2008. The company's CEO, Andrew Stess, bought the rights to MusicDNS, renamed the software to AmpliFIND , and started a new company called AmpliFIND Music Services. In 2011, Stess sold AmpliFIND to Sony , who incorporated it into
400-534: Was acquired by AmpliFIND . Since the future of the free identification service was uncertain, a replacement for it was sought. The Chromaprint acoustic fingerprinting algorithm, the basis for AcoustID identification service, was started in February 2010 by a long-time MusicBrainz contributor Lukáš Lalinský. While AcoustID and Chromaprint are not officially MusicBrainz projects, they are closely tied with each other and both are open source. Chromaprint works by analyzing
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