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117-573: Schuylkill Haven is located 43.4 miles (69.8 km) west of Allentown , 92.6 miles (149.0 km) northwest of Philadelphia , and 131 miles (211 km) west of New York City . Before Europeans settled the land that is present-day Schuylkill Haven, the area was occupied by the Lenape Indian tribe, who were known as the Delaware Indians by the British . The earliest European settlers arrived in

234-512: A Catholic Church , and a Mandir , Vraj Hindu Temple , all located in Schuylkill Haven. The churches include: As of the 2010 census , there were 5,437 people, 2,330 Households, and 1,417 families residing in the borough. The racial makeup of the borough was 94.5% White, 2.1% Hispanic or Latino ancestry of any race, 2.5% Black or African American, 0.9% Asian, 1.3% were two or more races, 0.4% were some other race and 0.2% Native American. As of

351-610: A colonial-era population center. Prior to the American Revolution, there were 54 homes in Northampton Towne and approximately 330 residents. In 1782, there were 59 houses and over 100 cows were stabled in the town. The town was described by a visitor in 1783, "One gets a glimpse of many good stone houses, many of them very neat, and everything about the premises shows good order and attention. The people are mainly German who speak bad English and distressing German ." In 1795,

468-669: A concurrency with PA 61 on Center Avenue, continuing past homes. The road leaves Schuylkill Haven for North Manheim Township and widens into a four-lane divided highway, running through business areas and passing to the south of the Penn State Schuylkill university campus. The two routes continues east-northeast past development before PA 443 splits from PA 61 at a jughandle -controlled intersection, with PA 443 heading northeast on two-lane undivided West Market Street, passing south of Blue Mountain High School . The route passes through

585-457: A $ 65 million widening project. Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad 's commercial train service traverses the borough on a single-track line with three grade crossings, at Williams Street, Union Street, and Main Street. Passenger train service by SEPTA was available between Schuylkill Haven, Reading , and Philadelphia until July 1, 1981, when PennDOT withdrew its financial support for

702-650: A concurrency with PA 309 on four-lane undivided West Penn Pike, passing through wooded areas with some homes. PA 443 splits from PA 309 by heading east-northeast on two-lane undivided Penn Drive, running through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes near the Mahoning Creek and passing through the community of Wehr. The road crosses into Mahoning Township in Carbon County and becomes Blakeslee Boulevard Drive West, continuing northeast through agricultural areas with some woods and residences. The route heads through

819-579: A day, 7 days a week, with at least two officers typically on duty at all times. The police station and council chambers are headquartered on Parkway. Schuylkill Haven has a volunteer fire department. The borough has three fire stations: The Rainbow Hose Co. (Station 1) on Dock Street, the Schuylkill Hose Co. (Station 2) at Union and St. Peter Streets, and the Liberty Fire Co. (Station 4) at Columbia and St. James Streets. Friendship Fire Co. (Station 3)

936-533: A few businesses. From here, PA 443 runs through farmland with some development and crosses PA 183 . The route heads into North Manheim Township and continues through a mix of farms and woods with some development. The road enters the borough of Schuylkill Haven and becomes Columbia Street, passing homes and a few businesses before crossing the Schuylkill River . PA 443 curves northeast and continues along Columbia Street before it turns northwest onto Parkway,

1053-571: A house and barn near the Schuylkill River , and called his small settlement "Fincher's Ford." The second known settler of Schuylkill Haven was Martin Dreibelbis, a German who arrived in the Spring of 1775. Martin Dreibelbis constructed a house, saw mill, distillery, and a grist mill on the eastern bank of the Schuylkill River. He later built a log house near present-day Main Street, giving Dreibelbis

1170-465: A large fire burned down most of Allentown's central business district between 7th and 8th streets on Hamilton Street. During the 1850s, however, the city began recovering. A new bridge was built across the Lehigh River, and brick buildings were constructed to replace wooden ones that were burned in the 1848 fire. In 1852, the first Allentown Fair , now one of the nation's longest continual annual fairs,

1287-520: A major regional and national center for banking and finance. In 1860, William H. Ainey founded Allentown Savings and served as its first president. In 1864, Second National Bank of Allentown was formed, and Ainey was elected its first president, a position he held until his death. Ainey contributed to Allentown's industrial and retail growth, helping finance Iowa Barb Wire Company, which was later absorbed by American Steel & Wire , Pioneer Silk Factory, Palace Silk Mill, and Allentown Spinning Company. In

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1404-611: A new military unit, placing Captain Samuel Yohe of Easton and Thomas W. Lynn in charge and awarding them the respective ranks of colonel and major. Tilghman H. Good of South Whitehall Township , previously captain of the Allentown militia known as the Allen Rifles and commander of the 4th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment , was placed in charge of the 1st Pennsylvania's Company I, which included his former Allen Rifles subordinates and members of

1521-476: A northern extension of PA 72. PA 925 was extended west from New Ringgold to US 122 (now PA 61) west of Orwigsburg in the 1930s; the route replaced the section of US 122 (which had replaced US 120) on West Market Street in Orwigsburg that was realigned to bypass the borough to the southwest. At this time, the entire length of PA 925 was paved. In addition, the highway between PA 29 south of South Tamaqua and Lehighton

1638-627: A population of 861,899 and was the 68th-most populous metropolitan area in the nation as of 2020. Founded in 1762, Allentown is located on the Lehigh River , a 109-mile-long (175 km) tributary of the Delaware River . It is the largest of three adjacent cities, including Bethlehem and Easton in Lehigh and Northampton counties, in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania. Allentown

1755-561: A post office established inside Compass and Square Hotel in the present-day Penn National Bank building at 645 Hamilton Street in Allentown. In the 1810 U.S. census , the city's population exceeded 700 residents, and the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania granted Northampton Towne legal standing on March 18, 1811, incorporating it initially as the Borough of Northampton in what was then Northampton County . The new borough's government first undertaking

1872-693: A reputation for flamboyance, offering the latest European fashion apparel. The opening of Hess's was following by the opening of a second major department store in the city, the Zollinger-Harned Company, located in the Zollinger-Harned Company Building on Hamilton Street. In the late 19th century, Allentown also emerged as a major center for the beer brewing industry. Notable Allentown breweries included Horlacher Brewery (founded 1897, closed 1978), Neuweiler Brewery (founded 1875, closed 1968), and Schaefer Beer , whose brewery

1989-622: A saw mill, a paint factory, two additional shoe factories, a piano factory, flour mills, breweries, and distilleries all opened in Allentown during the Civil War era. In 1883, Allentown Boiler Works was founded in Allentown by Charles Collum. Collum and his partner John D. Knouse built a large facility at 3rd and Gordon streets in Allentown's First Ward near the Lehigh Valley Railroad yard near what later became Kline's Island. The company manufactured iron products, some of which were used in

2106-541: A two-lane divided highway with a wide median that passes through residential areas. The route turns north onto two-lane undivided Main Street and heads through the commercial downtown of Schuylkill Haven, crossing a Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad line at-grade west of the former Schuylkill Haven station . After passing through the downtown area, PA 443 turns northwest onto Dock Street and runs through residential areas. The road bends north and comes to an intersection with PA 61 . At this point, PA 443 turns east for

2223-568: Is Dave Argall (R) and the 125th Pennsylvania House of Representatives District, represented by Joseph Kerwin (R). Schuylkill Haven is in the Schuylkill Haven Area School District . Students in grades eight through twelve attend Schuylkill Haven High School . The district also maintains a middle school and an elementary school. Penn State Schuylkill , part of the Pennsylvania State University system,

2340-418: Is a tendency to enunciate the 'v' with open lips, to soften the hard 'g' into 'ch,' and to use too frequently such words as 'already,' 'yet,' and 'once.' Here also are heard such colloquialisms as 'the pie is all,' (all gone) and 'it wonders (mystifies) me.' In October 1945, following the end of World War II , Western Electric opened a plant on Union Boulevard in Allentown. Six years later, on October 1, 1951,

2457-572: Is an 80-mile-long (130 km) east–west state highway in the US state of Pennsylvania . The western terminus is at an intersection with State Route 3009 (SR 3009) at North Front Street on the east bank of the Susquehanna River in the community of Fort Hunter in Middle Paxton Township , just west of an interchange with the U.S. Route 22 (US 22)/ US 322 freeway. The eastern terminus

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2574-812: Is at US 209 in Lehighton . The route runs through rural areas in the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians in Dauphin , Lebanon , Schuylkill , and Carbon counties, serving Fort Indiantown Gap , Pine Grove , Schuylkill Haven , Orwigsburg , New Ringgold , and South Tamaqua . PA 443 intersects several major roads, including US 22/US 322 near its western terminus, PA 72 in Union Township , Interstate 81 (I-81) near Pine Grove, PA 61 between Schuylkill Haven and Orwigsburg, and PA 309 in South Tamaqua. PA 443

2691-399: Is land. Schuylkill Haven provides electric, water, sewer, and refuse services to citizens of the borough. The borough owns and operates its own power distribution grid. Maintenance of the grid is provided by the borough's own line crew. The borough purchases electricity from AMP Ohio and Allegheny. The Tumbling Run Reservoir, located approximately five miles (8 km) north of the borough,

2808-573: Is located 48 miles (77 km) north of Philadelphia and 78 miles (126 km) west of New York City . In the early 1700s, the area that is present-day Allentown was a wilderness of scrub oak , where the Lenape , a Indigenous Peoples tribe, fished for trout and hunted for deer, grouse, and other game. In 1736, this large area north of Philadelphia was deeded by 23 chiefs of the Five Civilized Tribes to three sons of William Penn , founder of

2925-462: Is located at the southern edge of town, on the western side of St. Charles Street. Schuylkill Haven's borough hall was once located in the Schuylkill Haven station on Main Street. In July 2015, however, it was moved to 333 Centre Avenue on PA Route 61 . Schuylkill Haven is served by its own police force. The Schuylkill Haven Police Department has eight officers, which provided service 24 hours

3042-446: Is located off PA Route 61 immediately northeast of the borough. It offers five associate degrees, and the opportunity to complete the first two years of 160 majors, and to matriculate to Penn State after these first two years. Schuylkill Haven Free Public Library, located at 104 St. John Street at the intersection of St. John and Union Street, was dedicated on June 26, 1966. The library is open Monday through Saturday. Schuylkill Haven

3159-526: Is served by two state highways, Pennsylvania Route 61 and Pennsylvania Route 443 . PA Route 61, a north–south highway, travels through the northern part of the borough. PA Route 61 operates as "Center Avenue" in Schuylkill Haven. The road continues north to Pottsville and ends in Sunbury ; its southbound rout enters Berks County, Pennsylvania , where it ends in Reading . PA Route 443 enters Schuylkill Haven at

3276-555: Is the Schuylkill Haven's primary source of water. Storage tanks at Willow Lake at the northern edge of the borough are an additional part of the borough's water facilities. Schuylkill Haven owns a second watershed located in Wayne Township with a small portion extending into Branch Township , known as the Panther Valley dam. This water supply is no longer used but the earthen dam still exists. Schuylkill Haven's sewage treatment plant

3393-404: The 2020 census , the borough's population was 5,253. Schuylkill Haven is governed by a borough council and a mayor . There are seven borough council members. Both the mayor and council members are elected to a four-year term. There are no term limits for council members or the mayor. Borough council meetings are typically held on the first and third Wednesdays of each month in council chambers in

3510-558: The 47th Pennsylvania Infantry Regiment , a new unit commonly known as the 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers. Good secured help from William H. Gausler of Allentown, who was commissioned as a major with the regiment's central command staff, and John Peter Shindel Gobin , a senior officer with the Sunbury Guards in Northumberland County , who was repeatedly cited for valor and was promoted to colonel and ultimately commanding officer of

3627-732: The Battle of St. Johns Bluff in Florida (October 1–3, 1862) before suffering a costly defeat in the Second Battle of Pocotaligo in South Carolina (October 21–23, 1862). They were the only Pennsylvania regiment to fight in the Union Army 's 1864 Red River campaign across Louisiana . While sustaining numerous casualties during the Red River campaign in the spring of 1864, the 47th Pennsylvania helped turn

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3744-593: The Fort Indiantown Gap military reservation. PA 443 gains a second westbound lane again and curves east before it turns northwest onto two-lane Asher Miner Road. The road heads into forests within the Indiantown Gap in Blue Mountain and forms the border between East Hanover Township to the west and Union Township to the east before it fully enters Union Township and curves northeast as Moonshine Road, leaving

3861-685: The Historical Society of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia, included 42 city blocks and 756 lots, most of which were 60 feet (18 m) in width and 230 feet (70 m) in depth. The city was initially located between present-day 4th and 10th streets and Union and Liberty streets and was initially named Northampton Towne. Many streets on the original plan were named for Allen's children, including Margaret (present-day 5th Street), William (now 6th Street), James (now 8th Street), Ann (now 9th Street), and John (now Walnut Street). Allen Street (now 7th Street),

3978-516: The Philadelphia and Reading Railroad was founded. By 1845, it was transporting nearly three times as much coal than the Schuylkill Canal. The Schuylkill Navigation Company expanded their canals to accommodate for larger boats. But in 1869, the canals were damaged from flooding, and their use began declining. The railroads ultimately surpassed canals as the primary transportation for coal. In 1979,

4095-576: The Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad , is the latest addition to Schuylkill Haven's park system. Island park is the site of fireworks displays in the borough. The park also includes two baseball fields, several soccer fields, and a large pavilion. It is also the starting point of the Schuylkill County Sojurn", a kayaking trip down the Schuylkill River from Schuylkill Haven to Philadelphia . The Community Center, also known as

4212-488: The Swatara Creek , where it becomes the border between the borough of Pine Grove to the northwest and Pine Grove Township to the southeast, passing between neighborhoods and Pine Grove Area High School to the northwest and industrial areas to the southeast. The road fully enters Pine Grove Township and becomes Pleasant Valley Road, passing through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes and running east-northeast through

4329-571: The U.S. Gazetteer described Allentown as: A handsome and flourishing town of Northampton County, pleasantly situated on the point of land formed by the junction of the Jordan Creek and Little Lehigh . It is regularly laid out and contains about ninety dwellings, a German Lutheran and a Calvinist (Zion) Church, an Academy and three merchant mills. In 1792, land north of Allentown was purchased by Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company for coal mining , but it initially proved difficult to transport

4446-430: The colonial-era Province of Pennsylvania : John Penn , Thomas Penn , and Richard Penn . The price for the land included shoes, buckles, hats, shirts, knives, scissors, combs, needles, looking glasses , rum, and pipes. On May 18, 1732, the land was deeded by Thomas Penn to Joseph Turner , an iron manufacturer and politician from Philadelphia. Two years later, on September 10, 1735, a 5,000-acre (20 km ) part of

4563-487: The 1840s, iron ore beds were discovered in hills around Allentown, and a furnace was constructed in 1846 by Allentown Iron Core Company for production of pig iron , a vital component used in the manufacturing of steel . The furnace opened in 1847 under supervision of Samuel Lewis, an expert in iron production , and was followed by the opening of other Allentown plants for production of a wide variety of metal products. In 1860, several smaller iron companies merged to create

4680-573: The Allentown Rolling Mill Company, which became Allentown's largest iron company and contributed to the city and the greater Lehigh Valley region's emergence as a major source for iron ore. In 1850, Leh's , a shoe and ready-to-wear clothing store, was opened in the city by Henry Leh. By 1861, with the Civil War commencing, Leh's emerged as a major source of military boots for the Union Army . In addition to Leh's, eight brick yards,

4797-662: The Civil War in the Union's favor with victories in General Sheridan's 1864 Shenandoah Valley campaign across Virginia, including in the Battles of Berryville , Opequan , Fisher's Hill , and Cedar Creek and then again contributing to the defense of the nation's capital following Lincoln's assassination on April 15, 1865. Other known Union Army units from Allentown included the 5th, 41st, 128th , and 176th Pennsylvania Infantries. On October 19, 1899, Allentown erected and dedicated

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4914-677: The Corporate Center, the city's new flagship business center on North 7th Street, fell victim to a large sinkhole , which led to its condemnation and ultimate demolition. Combined with challenges confronting Center City , the manufacturing economy of the Northeastern United States began suffering from deindustrialization associated with foreign competition, trade policies, and manufacturing costs. Many Allentown factories and corporations began closing or relocating. Pennsylvania Route 443 Pennsylvania Route 443 ( PA 443 )

5031-579: The Jordan Artillerist, another Allentown-based militia. In April 1861, these Allentown units were deployed in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000 volunteers to defend the national capital in Washington, D.C. , following the Confederate bombardment of Fort Sumter. After the Civil War's end, many of these soldiers were named Pennsylvania First Defenders in recognition of their role as one

5148-615: The Lehigh Canal with direct competition for coal transport. Lehigh and Susquehanna Railroad ordered four locomotives, and train stations were built in Allentown, Easton , and Mauch Chunk . In September 1855, the railroad became operational with the Central Railroad of New Jersey providing transport between Allentown and New York City . Transport between Allentown and Philadelphia was made available through Perkiomen Railroad, which operated between Norristown and Freemansburg . In

5265-680: The Manada Gap in Blue Mountain in the community of Manada Gap . The road curves back to the east and runs between forested Blue Mountain to the north and farmland and homes to the south. PA 443 intersects Bow Creek Road, which heads south to provide access to I-81 and becomes PA 743 upon crossing US 22. Past this intersection, the route passes to the north of Hollywood Casino at Penn National Race Course as it continues northeast. PA 443 crosses into East Hanover Township in Lebanon County and continues through agricultural areas with some homes to

5382-601: The Recreation Center or the Senior Center, is located at 340 Haven Street. Senior citizen events, biddy basketball, and internet access are available at the center. A gym and two rooms are available to rent for meetings, showers, and small parties. The center is handicap accessible. The Walk In Art Center in Schuylkill Haven features 15 on-site artists and three art galleries and offers educational programs and community events. Schuylkill Haven has ten Protestant churches,

5499-506: The Soldiers and Sailors Monument at Hamilton and S. 7th streets in the Center City , where it still stands, in honor of these Union soldiers from Allentown and local Lehigh Valley towns and boroughs who were killed in defense of the Union's preservation during the Civil War. Beginning in the late 18th century, the city began to slowly grow as a hub for commerce and industrialization and as

5616-460: The U.S. formally entering World War I in 1917. The British nicknamed Mack AC 's five and seven-ton trucks the "Bulldog". Mack eventually grew to have eight manufacturing plants in Allentown and adopted the bulldog as it corporate brand. Beginning in the early 20th century, Syrian Christians from the region of Wadi al-Nasara ('the Christian Valley') began settling in Allentown, initially

5733-418: The area of present-day Schuylkill Haven in the 1730s. They traveled north of Blue Mountain at the present-day Berks - Schuylkill County line at that time. The first settler in Schuylkill Haven was John Fincher, a Quaker from Chester County, Pennsylvania , who received a land grant of 225 acres (0.91 km) on March 5, 1750, the day Schuylkill Haven considers its unofficial founding. Fincher constructed

5850-577: The bells down to cast into munitions. The bells were transported north to present-day Allentown by two farmers and wagon masters, John Snyder and Henry Bartholomew, and then hidden under floorboards in the basement of Zion Reformed Church at present-day 622 Hamilton Street in Center City Allentown , just prior to Philadelphia's September 1777 fall to the British. In 1803, the city, whose mail had previously been received in neighboring Bethlehem , had

5967-513: The borough's police station at 250 Parkway. In addition to the council and the mayor, a borough administrator leads the municipality's daily operations from a borough office at 333 Center Avenue, which is part of PA Route 61 . Schuylkill Haven is in Pennsylvania's 9th congressional district , currently represented by U.S. Congressman Dan Meuser (R). On the state level, it is in the 29th Pennsylvania Senate District represented by State Senator

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6084-477: The borough. Other children's play areas are on Garfield Avenue, North Berne Street, Williams Street, and Fritz Reed Avenue. On South Berne Street is an area known as "The Courts", which features a basketball court, picnic benches, and a gazebo. Bubeck Park is located south of Columbia street near the Columbia Heights section of the borough. The park includes two pavilions, a bandstand, and a gazebo. Situated at

6201-604: The canals were filled by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania . Allentown, Pennsylvania Allentown ( Pennsylvania Dutch : Allenschteddel , Allenschtadt , or Ellsdaun ) is the county seat of Lehigh County, Pennsylvania , United States. It is the third-most populous city in Pennsylvania with a population of 125,845 as of the 2020 census and the most populous city in the Lehigh Valley metropolitan area, which had

6318-435: The city emerged in present-day Center City , which was then referred to as downtown Allentown. At least seven cinemas and stage theaters were developed on Hamilton Street between 5th and 10th streets. By the mid-1960s, Allentown's economy had been booming for decades but the city's rising taxes and regulations prohibiting expansion of the city's geographic limits began leading many of the city's residents, especially those in

6435-456: The city's lax zoning and city codes. With Allentown's neighborhoods and school system declining, the city focused on attempting to develop its Hamilton Street retail district, largely ignoring Allentown neighborhoods not located in Center City. This also exacerbated the flight of Allentown families to the city's suburbs, leading to the development of shopping centers and services to accommodate

6552-479: The city's main street, was named for Allen himself. Hamilton Street was named for James Hamilton, deputy governor of colonial-era Pennsylvania from 1748 to 1754. Gordon Street was named for Patrick Gordon , an earlier deputy governor of colonial Pennsylvania. Chew Street was named for Benjamin Chew , and Turner Street was named for Allen's business partner Joseph Turner. Allen hoped that the city would displace Easton as

6669-399: The city's name was officially changed to Allentown. But it soon faced major challenges. In 1841, a flood swept away Hamilton Street Bridge and inflicted substantial damage on areas of the city near the Lehigh River. Two years later, in 1843, Northampton Bank failed following excessive speculation by the bank, resulting in financial ruin for many bank customers. Five years later, on June 1, 1848,

6786-594: The city, and expanded their ranks, which were ultimately incorporated into the Continental Army . The burden of supplying the local militias fell on the people, and requisitions for food, grain, cattle, horses, and cloth were common. During the Revolutionary War, Hessian prisoners of war were kept in Allentown in the vicinity of present-day Seventh and Gordon streets. Allentown also housed four hospital structures, including one at Zion Reformed Church and one on

6903-540: The community of Bohrmans Mill and runs through a mix of farmland and residential and commercial development. The road enters the borough of Orwigsburg and runs east past homes. PA 443 heads east-southeast through the downtown area, where it is a two-lane divided highway with parking spaces for two blocks and becomes East Market Street upon crossing Warren Street. The route turns north-northeast onto two-lane undivided North Washington Street and runs through residential areas. The road curves northeast and passes between homes to

7020-592: The community of Clamtown . The route crosses the Little Schuylkill River into Walker Township and reaches the community of Zehners, where it turns east and runs parallel to the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad's Reading Division tracks. PA 443 curves northeast and crosses the Little Schuylkill River back into West Penn Township, where it comes to an intersection with PA 309 in the community of South Tamaqua . Here, PA 443 turns east for

7137-441: The community of Normal Square and passes to the south of Jake Arner Memorial Airport. Farther northeast, PA 443 becomes Blakeslee Boulevard Drive East and runs through a mix of woodland and commercial development, passing to the north of the Carbon Plaza Mall . The road becomes the border between the borough of Lehighton to the north and Mahoning Township to the south as it runs along the south bank of Mahoning Creek and intersects

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7254-407: The community of Pleasant Valley. PA 443 crosses into Washington Township and becomes Deturksville Road, continuing through rural areas and passing through the community of Deturksville . Farther east, the route enters Wayne Township and becomes Long Run Road, continuing through agricultural land with some homes. The road passes through the community of Friedensburg , where it passes residences and

7371-551: The company manufactured and released the world's first transistor , which was produced at the Allentown-based plant, and the Allentown-based company emerged as a leader in the nation's post-war electronics revolution. By the mid-20th century, Allentown was a major retailing and entertainment center distinct and separate from Philadelphia and New York City . Hess's, Leh's, and Zollinger department stores led to retail sector growth in Allentown, and dozens of smaller retail stores, restaurants, hotels, banks, and professional offices in

7488-404: The construction of high-profile construction projects, including the building of the White House in Washington, D.C. , and the U.S. Military Academy at West Point . The company's boilers and kilns were used for the production of iron products sold nationally and internationally, including to customers in Canada , Cuba , and the Philippines . Brickworks flourished in Allentown through

7605-400: The coolest month is typically January with an average high of 36 °F (2 °C). The hardiness zone is now 7a. [1] The borough has a hot-summer humid continental climate ( Dfa ) and average monthly temperatures range from 28.1 °F in January to 73.1 °F in July. According to the U.S. Census Bureau , the borough has a total area of 1.4 square miles (3.6 km), all of which

7722-519: The demand in these expanding suburban communities. In 1966, Whitehall Mall , the first closed shopping mall north of Philadelphia, opened in Whitehall Township. Ten years later, in 1976, the even larger Lehigh Valley Mall opened north of U.S. Route 22 in Fullerton . Stores in Allentown's downtown shopping district began closing, replaced with stores whose customers were less affluent. Large areas of Allentown's downtown were subsequently razed and replaced with parking lots. The downtown business district

7839-404: The early 20th century. Pennsylvania Guide , compiled by the Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration , described the Pennsylvania Dutch community's impact on Allentown's linguistic landscape, reporting in 1940 that: Allentown is among the few large Pennsylvania cities where newspapers still carry columns written in the dialect. Although English predominates on the streets, there

7956-407: The east bank of the Susquehanna River, with the former alignment between Jonestown and Green Point becoming an extended PA 72, while PA 925 was extended west from New Ringgold to US 122 (now PA 61) west of Orwigsburg. In the 1940s, PA 443 was extended east from Schuylkill Haven to US 209/ US 309 in Lehighton, replacing the entirety of PA 925 between Orwigsburg and South Tamaqua. North Front Street at

8073-422: The eastern edge of Bubeck Park is Stoyer's Dam, a man-made damn dedicated on May 20, 1984, and used for fishing and ice skating. The dam has numerous ducks, geese, and swans. The source of water for the dam is Long Run Creek, which enters on the western side of the dam after traveling along PA Route 443 from the Friedensburg area. Island Park, located south of Fritz Reed Avenue between the Schuylkill River and

8190-553: The eastern terminus of PA 902 . The route crosses the creek to fully enter Lehighton and curve northeast, passing more businesses. PA 443 comes to its eastern terminus at an intersection with US 209 on the west bank of the Lehigh River , where the road continues northeast as part of US 209 and crosses the river. When Pennsylvania first legislated routes in 1911, what would become PA 443 was designated as Legislative Route 141 between Harper Tavern and Lickdale and as Legislative Route 140 between Lickdale and Schuylkill Haven. PA 443

8307-597: The end of World War I . The clay unearthed in various sections of Allentown and the city's suburbs proved suitable in manufacturing building brick and fire brick . Bricks were the first Allentown products shipped by rail and sold nationally. A vibrant food processing industry began emerging in Allentown following the arrival of predominantly German immigrant bakers, who were among Allentown's first settlers. In 1887, Wilson Arbogast and Morris C. Bastian formed Arbogast and Bastian, which provided large scale commercial slaughtering. With industrialization, Allentown emerged as

8424-658: The first Patriot resistance to British colonialism in the Thirteen Colonies began in and around present-day Allentown. On December 21, 1774, a Committee of Observation was formed by Allentown-area patriots. Following the Declaration of Independence 's unanimous signing by the Second Continental Congress , British governing control in Allentown began to break down as patriot militias expanded their resistance. The patriot militias also pressured Tories out of

8541-461: The first five units to answer Lincoln's call for volunteers to defend the national capital. After protecting Washington, D.C., from April to July 1861, they were honorably discharged and returned home. However, a significant number of them reenlisted with the Union Army to defend the nation amidst the Civil War's escalation. On August 5, 1861, Andrew Gregg Curtin , Pennsylvania's Civil War -era governor, granted Tilghman H. Good authority to create

8658-530: The grounds of the military reservation. The route continues through forests with some fields and residences between Blue Mountain to the southeast and Second Mountain to the northwest. PA 443 reaches the community of Green Point, where it crosses the Appalachian Trail and intersects the northern terminus of PA 72 , turning north onto an unnamed road. The road crosses the Appalachian Trail again and forms

8775-452: The grounds of the present-day Farr Building , that were used in treating wounded Continental Army troops. After crossing the Delaware and prevailing in the Battle of Trenton on December 26, 1776, Continental Army commander George Washington and his staff traveled through Allentown, where they proceeded up present-day Lehigh Street , then called Water Street. They stopped at the foot of

8892-425: The land was purchased from Turner's business partner by William Allen , a wealthy shipping merchant and former mayor of Philadelphia . The land was surveyed in 1736 and again in 1753 as part of an effort to construct a road from Easton in the east to Reading in the west. The 1753 survey reported that a log house , owned by Allen and built around 1740, existed near the western banks of Jordan Creek . The house

9009-481: The late 1870s, Allentown's iron industry collapsed, leaving the city economically depressed. Efforts were made to diversify the city's industrial base, including convincing Phoenix Manufacturing Company to open a silk mill in Allentown. Adelaide Mill at Race and Court streets prompted the opening of Pioneer Silk Mill in 1886, and the city quickly emerged as a national leader in silk manufacturing. The silk industry grew to ultimately become Allentown's largest industry in

9126-400: The late 18th century. David Deshler, Allentown's first shopkeeper, opened a sawmill in the city in 1782. By 1814, industrial plants in Allentown included flour mills, sawmills, two saddle makers, a tannery and tan yard, a woolen mill, a card weaving plant, two gunsmiths, two tobacconists, two clockmakers, and two printers. In 1855, the first railroads to reach Allentown were opened, presenting

9243-587: The late 19th century and remained the city's largest industry through the end of the 20th century. In 1914, there were 26 silk mills in the city. By 1928, after the introduction of rayon , the number of Allentown silk mills grew to 85, and over 10,000 people were employed in the Allentown silk industry at the industry's height in the 1940s. In 1896, Max Hess, a retailer from Perth Amboy, New Jersey , visited Allentown and set about developing Allentown's first department store. He and his brother Charles opened Hess Brothers at 9th and Hamilton streets. Hess's developed

9360-696: The latter part of the 20th century, presenting a major challenge to Allentown's city government and the Allentown School District as it confronted greatly diminished resources. Allentown School District's financial challenges, in turn, further increased the working class flight to Allentown's suburbs, creating a sea change in the city's demographics. With the departure of many working-class families from older Center City neighborhoods , many homes were sold to landlords who converted them into inexpensive multifamily apartments, many of which became government-subsidized housing projects that were permitted under

9477-704: The location where the Liberty Bell , then known as the State House Bell, was successfully hidden for nine months by American patriots to avoid its capture by the British Army after the fall of Philadelphia during the Revolutionary War . After George Washington's defeat at the Battle of Brandywine in Chadds Ford Township, Pennsylvania on September 11, 1777, the revolutionary capital of Philadelphia

9594-497: The northwest and fields to the southeast. PA 443 leaves Orwigsburg for West Brunswick Township and becomes Chestnut Road, passing through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes and heading to the east. The road heads into East Brunswick Township and continues through agricultural areas before it runs through the residential community of McKeansburg . After this, the route comes to an intersection with PA 895. Here, PA 443 heads northeast with PA 895 on Summer Valley Road and

9711-539: The northwestern border of Swatara State Park , curving northeast and running through forests with some farmland and residences and passing through the community of Murray. The route enters Pine Grove Township in Schuylkill County and becomes Suedberg Road, running through rural areas along the northern border of Swatara State Park a short distance to the north of the Swatara Rail Trail. Along this stretch,

9828-490: The post- World War II baby boom generation , to flee Allentown for its suburbs. Salisbury , South Whitehall , and Whitehall townships each had large areas of farmland that were prime locations for residential real estate development. Much of Allentown's working class began migrating to these newer, less-expensive housing developments in Allentown's suburbs, which offered lower taxes, more green space, less crime, and newer schools. This demographic trend continued throughout

9945-570: The project. Schuylkill Haven station is now owned and operated by Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad . The Schuylkill Canal , created by the Schuylkill Navigation Company , was incorporated into Schuylkill Haven's transportation system in 1825. The canal was built on the Schuylkill River as a means to transport anthracite coal and traveled from Philadelphia to Port Carbon . The canal turned Reading , Norristown , and Pottsville into manufacturing centers. In 1841,

10062-427: The railroad tracks to the west and homes to the east before it curves northeast through forested areas parallel to the Little Schuylkill River. PA 443 heads back into East Brunswick Township and becomes Clamtown Road, winding northeast through a mix of farm fields and woods. The road runs through a dense forest and bends north to enter West Penn Township , running through more woodland with some fields and passing through

10179-419: The regiment. Companies A and E of the regiment were recruited primarily from Easton and Northampton County; Companies B, G, I, and K were largely recruited from Allentown; Company C was recruited from Northumberland and Juniata counties; Company F was primarily composed of men from Catasaqua ; and Companies D and H were recruited from Perry County . The 47th Pennsylvania Volunteers achieved Union victories at

10296-551: The region's high quality anthracite coal over the primitive trail system that then existed, resulting in only a limited amount of anthracite being mined until 1818, when the company began constructing the Lehigh Canal to transport coal from Mauch Chunk , later renamed Jim Thorpe, down the Lehigh River to the river's confluence with the Delaware River in Easton . The opening of Lehigh Canal in 1818 quickly transformed Allentown and

10413-431: The result of missionary activity in their villages by Pennsylvanian missionaries. The Syrian community eventually became a significant component of the city, largely concentrated in Allentown's Sixth Ward. There were an estimated 5,200 Americans of Syrian descent in Allentown and the Lehigh Valley in 2015. Like several other regions in Pennsylvania, Allentown residents continued speaking Pennsylvania German well into

10530-411: The road passes through the communities of Suedberg and Irving. PA 443 comes to an interchange with I-81 near businesses and continues east through a mix of farm fields and woodland with some residential and commercial development, running through the community of Exmoor. The road intersects the northern terminus of PA 645 before it makes a curve to the north and enters the borough of Pine Grove . Here,

10647-452: The route becomes South Tulpehocken Street and is lined with homes, reaching a junction with the western terminus of PA 895 . The road continues into the downtown area of Pine Grove, where it passes homes and businesses and comes to the southern terminus of PA 125 . At this junction, PA 125 continues north on North Tulpehocken Street and PA 443 turns northeast onto East Pottsville Street. The route runs through residential areas before it crosses

10764-715: The route comes to a partial cloverleaf interchange with the US 22 / US 322 freeway and passes over Norfolk Southern 's Buffalo Line on a bridge. The road becomes undivided and heads through forested areas with some homes between Blue Mountain to the south and Second Mountain to the north. PA 443 passes to the north of the Boyd Big Tree Preserve Conservation Area and continues through the narrow valley with some fields and residences, crossing into West Hanover Township . The route enters East Hanover Township and becomes Mountain Road, turning south to pass through

10881-470: The seat of Northampton County and become a major national center for commerce due to its location along the Lehigh River and its proximity to Philadelphia, which was then the nation's largest and most influential city. In 1767, Allen granted the land to his son James. Allentown played a central role in both inspiring the American Revolution and supporting the subsequent Revolutionary War . Some of

10998-541: The south of Blue Mountain, gaining a second westbound lane past the Pleasant View Road intersection. The road becomes three lanes with two eastbound lanes and one westbound lane at the Mount Laurel Lane/Park Drive intersection and passes through more rural land. The route narrows to two lanes and becomes Clement Avenue, passing to the northwest of Memorial Lake State Park before it enters the grounds of

11115-479: The southeastern border. The river's elevation in the borough is approximately 490 feet (150 m) above sea level. Farther from the river, the borough extends up numerous hills, reaching its highest elevation at approximately 700 feet (210 m) above sea level near the top of Avenue C. Schuylkill Haven receives an average of 47 inches (1,200 mm) of rain annually. The warmest month is typically July with an average high temperature of 84 °F (29 °C), and

11232-590: The street at a large spring at the present-day Wire Mill. There, Washington and his troops rested and watered their horses, and then proceeded to their post of duty. In 1777, a manufacturer of paper cartridges and muskets for the Continental Army relocated to Allentown from neighboring Bethlehem , and a shop of 16 armourers was established on Little Lehigh Creek , which was used to repair Continental Army weapons and manufacture saddles and scabbards for their use. Allentown holds historical significance as

11349-408: The surrounding Lehigh Valley from a rural agricultural area dominated by German -speaking people into one of America's first urbanized industrialized areas and expanded the city's commercial and industrial capacity. With this, Allentown underwent significant industrialization , ultimately becoming a major center for heavy industry and manufacturing. Allentown's industrial development accelerated in

11466-410: The title as Schuylkill Haven's "first resident". Dreibelbis willed his original plot of the town to his son, Jacob. Another son, Daniel, received an area east of the original plot, and a third son, George, received an area known as "Seven Stars", located north of Schuylkill Haven on the Schuylkill River. The original plot of Schuylkill Haven shows that the borough stretched from the Schuylkill River on

11583-519: The two routes run through wooded areas with some homes, curving east. The road crosses the Little Schuylkill River into the borough of New Ringgold and becomes Hughes Avenue, heading southeast past residences and businesses. The roadway bends east and crosses the Reading Blue Mountain and Northern Railroad's Reading Division line at-grade immediately before PA 443 splits from PA 895 by turning north onto Railroad Avenue. The route runs between

11700-410: The west to present-day Main Street on the north, then known as Front Street, to Saint Peter Street on the east, then known as Jacob Street, and Liberty Street on the south. Present-day Columbia Street was initially the main residential district. Schuylkill Haven was developed around the Schuylkill River , which flows through the town entering northwest of Island Park near Fritz Reed Avenue, and exits at

11817-543: The western end of the borough, where it is known as Columbia Street. It continues on Parkway to Main Street until it enters Dock Street. PA Route 443 exits the town along with PA Route 61 on the northeastern side of the borough. PA Route 443 continues east toward Orwigsburg , and west toward Pine Grove . Interstate 81 is accessible from PA Route 443 near Pine Grove . Interstate 78 is accessinble nearby at Hamburg in Berks County from PA Route 61, which recently underwent

11934-465: The western terminus became unnumbered in 1977 when US 22/US 322 was shifted to a freeway a short distance to the east. PA 443 begins at an intersection with SR 3009 (North Front Street) on the east bank of the Susquehanna River in the community of Fort Hunter in Middle Paxton Township , Dauphin County , heading northeast on Fishing Creek Valley Road, a two-lane divided highway . Shortly after beginning,

12051-507: Was chartered in July 1814, and the first Hamilton Street Bridge, a 530 feet (160 m)-long chain structure, was constructed over the Lehigh River . The bridge featured two suspended lanes, one for east and one for westbound traffic, and a toll house at the bridge's western end. In 1829, Lehigh Canal , a 46.6 miles (75.0 km)-long canal on the Lehigh River's east side, was completed for both ascending and descending navigation. Its construction

12168-521: Was constructed as an unnumbered paved road in the 1930s. In the 1940s, PA 443 was extended east from US 122 in Schuylkill Haven to US 209/ US 309 in Lehighton along its current alignment. The route replaced the entire length of PA 925 between Orwigsburg and South Tamaqua. In addition, the route was widened to a multilane road between the border of Dauphin and Lebanon counties and Fort Indiantown Gap. In 1977, US 22/US 322 were shifted from North Front Street to

12285-507: Was designated in 1928 between PA 43 (Jonestown Road) in Harper Tavern and US 120 (now PA 61) in Schuylkill Haven. PA 925 was designated in 1928 to run between New Ringgold and PA 29 (now PA 309) in South Tamaqua. By 1930, the western terminus of PA 443 was moved to PA 43 west of Jonestown , heading south from Lickdale . In the 1930s, PA 443 was realigned at Green Point to run west to US 11 / US 15 /US 22/US 322 (North Front Street) on

12402-465: Was designated in 1928 to run from PA 43 (Jonestown Road) in Harper Tavern northeast to US 120 (now PA 61) in Schuylkill Haven, following present-day PA 934 and Fisher Avenue northeast to Lickdale, present-day PA 72 north to Green Point, and its current alignment from Green Point to Schuylkill Haven. At this time, the route was paved between west of Pine Grove and Schuylkill Haven while the remainder

12519-456: Was held. On April 13, 1861, with tensions between the nation's North and South intensifying following the South's secession and the Confederate attack on Fort Sumter , residents of Lehigh and Northampton counties called a public meeting in Easton to take steps to support the federal government . At the meeting, citizens voted to establish and equip the 1st Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry ,

12636-473: Was in close proximity to Rainbow, and was discontinued in the 19th century. Schuylkill Haven has several playgrounds and recreation areas, including Green Goose on Jackson Street west of Avenue A, Saylor Street playground on the western side of the borough, Naffin Avenue playground on Naffin Avenue northwest of the public school district's main athletic field, and Willow Street playground in the northwestern corner of

12753-510: Was later acquired by Pabst and Guinness and is now owned by Boston Beer Company , brewer of Samuel Adams beer . In 1905, Jack and Gus Mack moved Mack Trucks , their motor company, from Brooklyn to Allentown, taking over the foundries of Weaver-Hirsh on South 10th Street. By 1914, Mack Trucks developed a global reputation for manufacturing sturdy and reliable trucks and vehicles. Many were sent to Western Front battlefields in France prior to

12870-487: Was left defenseless and American patriots began preparing for what they saw as an imminent British attack on the city. Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council ordered that 11 bells, including the State House Bell, now known as the Liberty Bell, and ten other bells from Philadelphia's Christ Church and St. Peter's Church , be taken down and moved out of Philadelphia to protect them from the British Army , which would melt

12987-510: Was named and laid out by Allen. A rivalry between the Penns and Allen may have inspired Allen to acquire the land and found the city. In 1763, a year after Allentown's founding, an effort was made by Allen and others to move the county seat from Easton to Allentown, but the Penns' influence prevailed and the county seat remained in Easton. The city's original organization, whose archives are now housed at

13104-423: Was ordering that cows in the city be moved from public streets to pastures, which proved unpopular with city residents. The following year, the city became part of Lehigh County , which was partitioned from a western section of Northampton County. Throughout the early 1800s, the city grew primarily as a court and market town. Northampton Bank, the city's first bank located at the northeast corner of Center Square,

13221-508: Was paved. By 1930, the road running between Blue Mountain and Second Mountain along with the road between Orwigsburg and New Ringgold were both unnumbered, unpaved roads. In the 1930s, PA 443 was realigned at Green Point to head west to US 11 / US 15 /US 22/US 322 (North Front Street) on the east bank of the Susquehanna River north of Rockville along a paved road. The former alignment of the route between Jonestown and Green Point became

13338-470: Was rebuilt in an attempt to compete with the newer suburban shopping locations. A multiblock row of stores known as Hamilton Mall was developed, featuring newly covered sidewalks and managed traffic patterns. But the effort was unsuccessful, and two of the city's major department stores, Leh's and Zollingers, were forced to close by 1990. The third, Hess's, was sold to The Bon-Ton in 1994, which closed its Hamilton Mall location two years later in 1996. In 1993,

13455-475: Was the most important factor in making anthracite coal , one of the nation's most important domestic and industrial fuels, available to the nation's largest industrial markets in New York City , Philadelphia , and elsewhere. In 1855, the first railroad was built on the Lehigh River's west side, and rail soon began to surpass river transport as the means for transporting anthracite through the city. In 1838,

13572-403: Was unpaved. PA 925 was designated in 1928 to run from New Ringgold northeast to PA 29 (now PA 309) in South Tamaqua along an unpaved road. The section of present-day PA 443 on West Market Street in Orwigsburg was part of US 120. By 1930, PA 443 was realigned at Lickdale to head south to a new western terminus at PA 43 (Jonestown Road) west of Jonestown . At this time, the entire length of PA 443

13689-486: Was used primarily as a hunting and fishing lodge by Allen, but he also used it to entertain prominent guests, including James Hamilton , his brother-in-law, and John Penn, then governor of the Province of Pennsylvania. In 1752, Northampton and Berks counties were formed; Easton was named the county seat of Northampton County, and Reading the county seat of Berks County. In 1762, the land, including present-day Allentown,

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