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37-712: Schriesheim lies on the Bergstraße , at the western edge of the Odenwald , on the small river Kanzelbach . It is 4 km east of Ladenburg , 14 km east of Mannheim and 8 km north of Heidelberg . Schriesheim belongs, like the city of Mannheim , to the warmest part of Germany. The amount of precipitation increases from west to east and ranges between 650 and 800 mm. The nearest weather station, located in Heidelberg, recorded an average temperature of 11.1 °C and average precipitation of 745 mm per year between

74-450: A desire to escape negative circumstances such as shortages of land or jobs, or unfair treatment. People can be pulled to the opportunities available elsewhere. Fleeing from oppressive conditions, being a refugee and seeking asylum to get refugee status in a foreign country, may lead to permanent emigration. Forced displacement refers to groups that are forced to abandon their native country, such as by enforced population transfer or

111-621: A new Bergstraße once more form, the new one passing west of the old route as far as Heidelberg-Handschuhsheim , where the two meet once more. The route carrying on after the Neckar from Heidelberg to Wiesloch is still usually known as the Bergstraße, even though the type of country and climate typical of the Bergstraße is no longer as pronounced. The Bergstraße passes through three rural districts and two urban districts : Darmstadt , Landkreis Darmstadt-Dieburg , Kreis Bergstraße , Heidelberg and

148-448: A place, Jose C. Moya writes "one could easily compile similar lists for periods and places where no migration took place." Search for "Emigration from" in titles Unlike immigration, in many countries few if any records have been recorded or maintained in regard to persons leaving a country either on a temporary or permanent basis. Therefore, estimates on emigration must be derived from secondary sources such as immigration records of

185-563: A scandal that received notice in the international press (for example, the New York Times ). Back then, Fritz Urban was victorious. Urban, who stemmed from an old Schriesheim family of lawyers, some of whom had previously stood for mayoral office, had back in 1933 become NSDAP - local group leader , then a few days after the seizure of power by the National Socialist Party, had become mayor and had held that office until 1945 when

222-493: Is a de facto member of the council and its head. Since the 2004 election, the distribution of seats is as follows: *Green List of Schriesheim The mayor is chosen by direct ballot for a term of 8 years. In November 2021 Christoph Oeldorf was elected mayor. He succeeded Hansjörg Höfer (Greens), who had been in office since 1 February 2006. Previous Mayors: After the Second World War , the mayoral election of 1952 produced

259-412: Is famous for its almond trees which thrive in the area and bloom as early as March. Other Mediterranean plants such as figs and olive trees also grow there. Because of the mild climate, Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor (1765–1790), pausing at the Bergstraße on a trip back from Frankfurt am Main , is said to have exclaimed "This is where Germany starts to become Italy". As part of the conurbation at

296-405: Is one of the countries, where emigration has become a part of culture since 20th century. For example, between 1990 and 2005 approximately 700,000–1,300,000 Armenians left the country. The highly rising numbers of emigration are a direct response to socio-political and economic areas of the country. The internal migration (migration in country) is big (28.7%), while international migration is 71.3% of

333-653: Is the Carolingian-era entrance hall of the one-time Lorsch monastery, designated by UNESCO as a world cultural heritage site. The Bergstraße area was settled in early times. Numerous excavations have uncovered finds dating back to the times of the Linear Pottery c. 5500 BC and Corded Ware cultures , who tilled the land and herded cattle there in around 2500 to 1500 BC. The population grew in Roman times and settlements were built in different sizes, villae rusticae . These were

370-519: The Bergstraße administrative district , and independent viticultural regions of Hessische Bergstraße and Badische Bergstraße . Between the cities of Heidelberg and Weinheim the Upper Rhine Railway Company (OEG) tram route runs alongside. The route goes almost straight from north to south at the spot where the Rhine lowlands meet the western edge of the Odenwald . The name comes from

407-618: The Holocaust . In 1705/1706, the Pietistic community built up around Alexander Mack , which, in 1708 led to the introduction of adult baptism in this community, which gave them the nickname \" Dunkers \" and \"dippers\". Soon, as a result of growing persecution, this community had to flee and eventually emigrated to America, where they formed the Church of the Brethren with its many offshoots, among them

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444-632: The Occupying Forces reinstalled George Rufer, who had already been mayor from 1920 until 1933. Fritz Urban then was not permitted to take office. The role of mayor was temporarily taken over by Acting Mayor Martin Ringelspacher until new elections took place in 1954. In the 16th century, Schriesheim was affected by the checkered history of the Reformation in the Electoral Palatinate . In 1556

481-590: The Old German Baptist Brethren . Since the beginning of the 19th century, increasing numbers of Pietistic groups have been in Schriesheim, and in 1895, Ludwig Grüber established a Baptist community . After the Second World War, a New Apostolic Community was formed in Schriesheim. A Muslim mosque is also located in the community, founded by immigrants. The Théo Kerg museum exhibits the works of

518-732: The Rhein-Neckar-Kreis . The northern part belongs to Hesse and the southern part to Baden . The border between these two Länder is between Heppenheim and Laudenbach . The Bergstraße was used as a trading route as far back as Roman times. The name bergstrasen was first recorded in 1165. A Latinised form of the name ( strata montana ) did not arise from the Romans but during the Renaissance . Older names are: strata publica  (795), platea montium  (819) and montana platea  (1002). The route has changed slightly in places across

555-555: The Thirty Years' War , Schriesheim's dramatically reduced population (only 20% had survived the Thirty Years' War) was purely Reformed , that is Calvinist, but in the years that followed, Catholics , Lutherans and Jews moved in alongside the favored Reformed Swiss immigrants to replenish the population. But in 1685 the ruling dynasty of the Electoral Palatinate , which was, to a degree, "Reformed" after 1559, died out and literally

592-630: The 15th century. In 1644, when the village was abandoned during the Thirty Years' War, the Jews also disappeared, or had been thought to have disappeared. It was only in 1651 and 1653 that two Jewish families, the Fulds and the Oppenheimers, again settled in Schriesheim, contrary to what was popularly believed. In 1858, the Jewish community reached its peak with 125 members, only to shrink, primarily because of emigration to

629-523: The Luxembourg painter and sculptor Théo Kerg. Bergstra%C3%9Fe (route) The Bergstraße ("Mountain Road") is an 80-kilometre-long (50 mi) ancient trade route in the south-west of Germany. The route and the area around it is a mountainous " theme route " running north–south along the western edge of the Odenwald forest in southern Hesse and northern Baden-Württemberg . The route passes through

666-708: The Reformation was launched, and after 1560, the Electoral Palatinate adopted Calvinism , but then under Count Palatine Louis VI, Elector Palatine , it returned to Lutheranism, only to return the Swiss Reformed Church from 1583 on under acting regent John Casimir and Frederick IV . In the first half of the 17th century, the Elector Palatine became the leader of the German Protestants. Shortly after

703-575: The United States and relocation to the bigger cities Frankfurt and Mannheim . At the start of 1933, only 38 Jews were still living in Schriesheim, almost all of whom had left by 1938. By September 1939, no Jews were living in Schriesheim anymore. Only four of those were still living in Europe at the start of the Second World War . One died a natural death of old age, and two others were successful in emigrating to New York . Only Levi Schlösser fell victim to

740-520: The centuries. In 1955 traces of the old paved Roman road were discovered during work on the drains in Heppenheim . They were moved to the Ferdinand Feuerbach Unit (on the corner of Karlstraße and Karl-Marx-Straße) and can still be seen there today. They cover an area of about 20 m². The Bergstraße travels through the following towns (from north to south): The countryside directly along

777-443: The destination that pull them in. Motives to migrate can be either incentives attracting people away, known as pull factors, or circumstances encouraging a person to leave. Diversity of push and pull factors inform management scholarship in their efforts to understand migrant movement. Some scholars criticize the "push-pull" approach to understanding international migration . Regarding lists of positive or negative factors about

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814-713: The dominant economic units of the mountainous country along the Bergstraße between 120 and 260 AD. Emigration Emigration is the act of leaving a resident country or place of residence with the intent to settle elsewhere (to permanently leave a country). Conversely, immigration describes the movement of people into one country from another (to permanently move to a country). A migrant emigrates from their old country, and immigrates to their new country. Thus, both emigration and immigration describe migration , but from different countries' perspectives. Demographers examine push and pull factors for people to be pushed out of one place and attracted to another. There can be

851-547: The early 1950s, the Soviet approach to controlling national movement was emulated by most of the rest of the Eastern Bloc. Restrictions implemented in the Eastern Bloc stopped most east–west migration, with only 13.3 million migrations westward between 1950 and 1990. However, hundreds of thousands of East Germans annually immigrated to West Germany through a "loophole" in the system that existed between East and West Berlin , where

888-660: The end of World War II in 1945, the Soviet Union occupied several Central European countries, together called the Eastern Bloc , with the majority of those living in the newly acquired areas aspiring to independence and wanted the Soviets to leave. Before 1950, over 15 million people emigrated from the Soviet-occupied eastern European countries and immigrated into the west in the five years immediately following World War II . By

925-473: The four occupying World War II powers governed movement. The emigration resulted in massive "brain drain" from East Germany to West Germany of younger educated professionals, such that nearly 20% of East Germany's population had migrated to West Germany by 1961. In 1961, East Germany erected a barbed-wire barrier that would eventually be expanded through construction into the Berlin Wall , effectively closing

962-436: The later Soviet Union began such restrictions in 1918, with laws and borders tightening until even illegal emigration was nearly impossible by 1928. To strengthen this, they set up internal passport controls and individual city Propiska ("place of residence") permits, along with internal freedom of movement restrictions often called the 101st kilometre , rules which greatly restricted mobility within even small areas. At

999-405: The picturesque old town centers in many cities and towns, especially the almost completely preserved (except for the city walls) town of Heppenheim with its splendid city hall, marketplace, "Bergstraße Cathedral", and numerous medieval half-timbered structures; and in addition the old town centers of Zwingenberg, Bensheim and Weinheim. An extraordinary sight in the immediate vicinity of the Bergstraße

1036-597: The point where the Rhine , Main and Neckar rivers meet, the Bergstraße is highly developed and industrialised. But tourism is also of some importance there. Apart from the countryside, the most important sights are Heidelberg with its castle and old city; Darmstadt, the center of Jugendstil art, with its artists' colony; the chain of castles on the edge of the Oden forest (Castle Frankenstein, Alsbach Castle, Auerbach Castle, Starkenburg above Heppenheim, Wachenburg and Windeck above Weinheim, Strahlenburg above Schriesheim), as well as

1073-414: The receiving country or records from other administrative agencies. The rate of emigration has continued to grow, reaching 280 million in 2017. In Armenia, for example, the migration is calculated by counting people arriving or leaving the country via airplane, train, railway or other means of transportation. Here, the emigration index is high: 1.5% of population leaves the country annually. In fact, it

1110-509: The road's route along the foot of the mountains, the Rhine lowlands once being too damp to build a road there. The route mostly follows the modern B3 road. It begins in Darmstadt and, after passing through Eberstadt , splits into the "Old Bergstraße" and the "New Bergstraße", which goes somewhat further to the west. The two routes meet again at Zwingenberg . In Weinheim-Lützelsachsen an old and

1147-463: The route is also named after the road. The weather in the region is typically particularly mild and sunny, with around 1500 hours of sun every year. Spring starts earlier here than anywhere else in Germany. This and the good soil conditions (a fertile loess soil) make the Bergstraße one of Germany's richest fruit-producing areas, with grapes, other fruit, almonds, sweet chestnuts and walnuts. The Bergstraße

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1184-632: The same reasoning of migration: work or study. The main destinations for it are Russia, France and US. Some countries restrict the ability of their citizens to emigrate to other countries. After 1668, the Qing Emperor banned Han Chinese migration to Manchuria . In 1681, the emperor ordered construction of the Willow Palisade , a barrier beyond which the Chinese were prohibited from encroaching on Manchu and Mongol lands. The Soviet Socialist Republics of

1221-522: The threat of ethnic cleansing . Refugees and asylum seekers in this sense are the most marginalized extreme cases of migration, facing multiple hurdles in their journey and efforts to integrate into the new settings. Scholars in this sense have called for cross-sector engagement from businesses, non-governmental organizations, educational institutions, and other stakeholders within the receiving communities. Patterns of emigration have been shaped by numerous economic, social, and political changes throughout

1258-466: The total migration by people aging 15 and above. It is important to understand the reasons for both types of migration and the availability of the options. For example, in Armenia, everything is localized in the capital city Yerevan, thus, internal migration is from the villages and small cities to the biggest city of the country. The reason for the migration can be work or study. International migration follows

1295-555: The world in the last few hundred years. For instance, millions of individuals fled poverty, violence, and political turmoil in Europe to settle in the Americas and Oceania during the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries. Likewise, millions left South China in the Chinese diaspora during the 19th and early 20th centuries. Demographers distinguish factors at the origin that push people out, versus those at

1332-438: The years 1971 and 2000. The warmest month is July with an average temperature of 20.1 °C while the coldest month is January with an average temperature of 2.5 °C. A severe winter frost in early 1956 destroyed many fruit trees, especially plum trees. Figs have been grown within the borders of the city for many years. The city council has 28 members and is elected directly by the populace for 5-year terms. The mayor

1369-560: Was replaced by a cadet branch that was Catholic, which definitely changed the whole situation. Suddenly the small Catholic minority in the village was favored by the authorities, and Catholic officials moved in. Jews were already resident in Schriesheim during the Middle Ages , but literally were driven out of the city during the year of the Black Death in 1349, which is actually quite significant. Jews were again documented in Schriesheim during

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