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70-535: With small Schmallenberg central town and the rural Bad Fredeburg Kneipp health resort the town has two urban settlements. Additionally, 82 villages and hamlets belong to the town's territory. Also being called “the Schmallenberg Sauerland ”, the Town of Schmallenberg is famous for its total of five health resorts and nine villages which have been awarded gold for their beauty in the nationwide “ Our village has

140-590: A Wednesday to a Sunday in August. This event is celebrated in central Schmallenberg's old town and turns the Marksmen's Square park facility (Parkanlage Schützenplatz) and the Weststraße and Oststraße into a pedestrian area with music, entertainment and several stalls providing food, drinks, other commercial goods and information. Citizens from many of Schmallenberg's places, the twin towns and several associations take part in

210-451: A building. Since this building method has been used for thousands of years in many parts of the world, many styles of historic framing have developed. These styles are often categorized by the type of foundation, walls, how and where the beams intersect, the use of curved timbers, and the roof framing details. A simple timber frame made of straight vertical and horizontal pieces with a common rafter roof without purlins . The term box frame

280-657: A district's school of music (Kreismusikschule) and Music Education Centre Südwestfalen (Musikbildungszentrum Südwestfalen). Starting from Schmallenberg central town, trips to the Nordenau Rappelstein castle ruin with great views, the Grafschaft Abbey or to the nearby Kneipp health resort of Bad Fredeburg are always worth to do. There are some local museums like the Slate Mining and Home Region Museum in Holthausen,

350-555: A frame of load-bearing timber, creating spaces between the timbers called panels (in German Gefach or Fächer = partitions), which are then filled-in with some kind of nonstructural material known as infill . The frame is often left exposed on the exterior of the building. Gallery of infill types: The earliest known type of infill, called opus craticum by the Romans, was a wattle and daub type construction. Opus craticum

420-526: A future  [ de ] ” contest. Schmallenberg is located in the southeast of the Sauerland mountainous landscape. The Rothaar Mountains make up a part of the town's territory. Through the central town flows the river Lenne . It is situated (linear distances): Schmallenberg in the north borders on the Municipality of Bestwig and the Town of Meschede , in the east on the Town of Winterberg , in

490-787: A hiking trail along the Rothaar Mountains from Brilon to Dillenburg , leads through the town's territory. Recently, the town at the upper course of the Lenne River has developed into one of Westphalia's winter sport centers. The Nordic Center of North Rhine-Westphalia and the High Sauerland Cross-Country Skiing Center are both located in Westfeld. 250 kilometers of cross-country ski tracks and 30 ski lifts make any kind of skiing possible. Sebastian Kneipp Sebastian Kneipp (17 May 1821 – 17 June 1897)

560-473: A long time. The town joined alliances with Medebach , Hallenberg and Winterberg and was a member of the Hanseatic League . It used to be a Colognian minting place in the 13th century. After weapon techniques had changed and to the archbishop, Schmallenberg had lost its fortified status, the town went through an economical crisis in the 16th century. In 1812, the wall and its gates were torn down. In

630-572: A mayor and an own council. Johann Kolve, who had recommended this solution, became the commander of the new fortified town. He got 30 shillings every year on St. Martin’s Day as an indemnity, an own property and a judicial immunity was granted. The new Town of Schmallenberg thanked Kolve for its new protecting wall. He did not have to pay taxes and did not have any civic duties. There is evidence from 1273 and 1292 of blacksmiths working in Schmallenberg and there have been cutlers and trip hammers for

700-875: A part of Kneipp Worldwide and there are approximately 1000 members of the International Society of Kneipp Physicians. After his death, his treatments became part of mainstream medicine in Germany. Archduke Josef dedicated his medical atlas to Kneipp. Kneipp's likeness was featured on a stamp. His recipe for whole wheat bread, called Kneippbrød , is the most commonly eaten bread in Norway. Timber framing#Half-timbering Timber framing ( German : Fachwerkbauweise ) and "post-and-beam" construction are traditional methods of building with heavy timbers , creating structures using squared-off and carefully fitted and joined timbers with joints secured by large wooden pegs. If

770-699: A particular dedication to helping the poor and those that physicians can't help. His suffering early in life caused Kneipp to develop a deep sympathy for those less fortunate than him. He turned down many patients that could feasibly recover on their own but claims to have never refused to treat a patient that is poor or untreatable by other methods. Kneipp's book My Water Cure was published in 1886 with many subsequent editions, and translated into many languages. He also wrote "Thus Shalt Thou Live", "My Will", and The Care of Children in Sickness and in Health . Kneipp expanded

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840-430: A place with a reputation for spiritual healing. In addition to "peasants", Kneipp's clients also included Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria and his father, Archduke Karl Ludwig as well as Pope Leo XIII . Others took Kneipp's processes back to their home countries to found alternative therapy spas and colleges. Kneipp began developing his healing methods in 1849 after contracting tuberculosis and experimenting with

910-499: A shift towards textile manufacturing in Schmallenberg. By 1871, there were seven companies belonging to textile industry. Textile manufacturing remained the most important business type for the following years. Since the 19th century Schmallenberg traditionally was one of the Sauerland's centers of textile industry . The largest company today is the Falke company. That's why the town received

980-458: A total of 82 villages and hamlets . On December 31, 2019 the modern Town of Schmallenberg had 25,146 inhabitants by main residence in the following 83 places: Schmallenberg twin towns are: In 1072 a Benedictine monastery of Grafschaft was founded near the Wilzenberg mountain by St. Anno II , Archbishop of Cologne . The oldest available documents speaking of a “Town of Schmallenberg” are

1050-464: A treatise on the cold water cure. At Wörishofen, while serving as the confessor to the monastery, he began offering treatments of hydrotherapy, botanical treatments, exercise and diet to the people who lived in the village. Some of his suggested treatments included "ice cold baths and walking barefoot in the snow" and other "harsh" methodologies. In 1893, M. E. Bottey described Kneipp's water cures as "dangerous in most cases". Wörishofen became known as

1120-467: Is another alternative where straw bales are stacked for nonload-bearing infill with various finishes applied to the interior and exterior such as stucco and plaster. This appeals to the traditionalist and the environmentalist as this is using "found" materials to build. Mudbricks also called adobe are sometimes used to fill in timber-frame structures. They can be made on site and offer exceptional fire resistance. Such buildings must be designed to accommodate

1190-658: Is being issued on Wednesdays and Sundays. Radio and TV news can be received from the West German Broadcasting (WDR). There is a WDR regional studio in Siegen which daily broadcasts news for South Westphalia on WDR 2 radio (on 93.8  FM ) and in the Lokalzeit show for South Westphalia on television ( WDR Fernsehen ). Another local radio channel is Radio Sauerland from Meschede which can be received at 89.1 or 106.5 FM in Schmallenberg and on different frequencies in

1260-454: Is not well defined and has been used for any kind of framing (with the usual exception of cruck framing). The distinction presented here is that the roof load is carried by the exterior walls. Purlins are also found even in plain timber frames. A cruck is a pair of crooked or curved timbers which form a bent (U.S.) or crossframe (UK); the individual timbers are each called a blade. More than 4,000 cruck frame buildings have been recorded in

1330-455: Is now confusingly applied to a Roman stone/mortar infill as well. Similar methods to wattle and daub were also used and known by various names, such as clam staff and daub, cat-and-clay, or torchis (French), to name only three. Wattle and daub was the most common infill in ancient times. The sticks were not always technically wattlework (woven), but also individual sticks installed vertically, horizontally, or at an angle into holes or grooves in

1400-502: Is readily available and log houses were favored, instead. Half-timbered construction in the Northern European vernacular building style is characteristic of medieval and early modern Denmark, England, Germany, and parts of France and Switzerland, where timber was in good supply yet stone and associated skills to dress the stonework were in short supply. In half-timbered construction, timbers that were riven (split) in half provided

1470-468: Is technically called a nave . However, a nave is often called an aisle, and three-aisled barns are common in the U.S., the Netherlands , and Germany. Aisled buildings are wider than the simpler box-framed or cruck-framed buildings, and typically have purlins supporting the rafters. In northern Germany, this construction is known as variations of a Ständerhaus . Half-timbering refers to a structure with

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1540-542: Is the Rennefeld motorsport and glider airfield (Motorsport- und Segelflugplatz Rennefeld) between the villages of Wormbach and Werpe . ICAO-Code: EDKR. The town is surrounded by the following airports (near to far): Paderborn/Lippstadt (PAD), Dortmund (DTM), Kassel (KSF), Cologne/Bonn (CGN), Münster/Osnabrück (FMO), Düsseldorf (DUS) and Frankfurt am Main (FRA). [REDACTED] [REDACTED] The federal highways ( Bundesstraßen ) B 236 and B 511 run through

1610-587: Is the Schmallenberg Marksmen's Society of 1820 (Schützengesellschaft Schmallenberg 1820) . The oldest Schützenverein in the modern Town of Schmallenberg is the Wormbach St. Judoc Marksmen's Fraternity (St.-Jodokus-Schützenbruderschaft Wormbach) . It was founded in 1525. Schmallenberg's town festival is the Schmallenberger Woche (“the Schmallenberg week”) and is being held every two years from

1680-400: Is used to describe timber frames with an infill of stone rubble laid in mortar the Romans called opus incertum . A less common meaning of the term "half-timbered" is found in the fourth edition of John Henry Parker's Classic Dictionary of Architecture (1873) which distinguishes full-timbered houses from half-timbered, with half-timber houses having a ground floor in stone or logs such as

1750-515: The Kluge House which was a log cabin with a timber-framed second floor. Traditional timber framing is the method of creating framed structures of heavy timber jointed together with various joints, commonly and originally with lap jointing , and then later pegged mortise and tenon joints. Diagonal bracing is used to prevent "racking", or movement of structural vertical beams or posts. Originally, German (and other) master carpenters would peg

1820-644: The structural frame of load-bearing timber is left exposed on the exterior of the building it may be referred to as half-timbered , and in many cases the infill between timbers will be used for decorative effect. The country most known for this kind of architecture is Germany, where timber-framed houses are spread all over the country. The method comes from working directly from logs and trees rather than pre-cut dimensional lumber . Hewing this with broadaxes , adzes , and draw knives and using hand-powered braces and augers (brace and bit) and other woodworking tools, artisans or framers could gradually assemble

1890-618: The 12th century to the 19th century, and subsequently imported to North America, where it was common into the early 19th century. In a scribe frame, timber sockets are fashioned or "tailor-made" to fit their corresponding timbers; thus, each timber piece must be numbered (or "scribed"). Square-rule carpentry was developed in New England in the 18th century. It used housed joints in main timbers to allow for interchangeable braces and girts. Today, standardized timber sizing means that timber framing can be incorporated into mass-production methods as per

1960-522: The 5- to 25-cm (2- to 10-in) range. The methods of fastening the frame members also differ. In conventional framing, the members are joined using nails or other mechanical fasteners, whereas timber framing uses the traditional mortise and tenon or more complex joints that are usually fastened using only wooden pegs. Modern complex structures and timber trusses often incorporate steel joinery such as gusset plates, for both structural and architectural purposes. Recently, it has become common practice to enclose

2030-476: The Canadian Military Engineers undertook to construct airplane hangars using this timber construction system in order to conserve steel. Wood hangars were constructed throughout North America and employed various technologies including bowstring , Warren , and Pratt trusses, glued laminated arches, and lamella roof systems. Unique to this building type is the interlocking of the timber members of

2100-677: The German ständerbohlenbau , timbers as in ständerblockbau , or rarely cob without any wooden support. The wall surfaces on the interior were often "ceiled" with wainscoting and plastered for warmth and appearance. Brick infill sometimes called nogging became the standard infill after the manufacturing of bricks made them more available and less expensive. Half-timbered walls may be covered by siding materials including plaster , weatherboarding , tiles , or slate shingles. The infill may be covered by other materials, including weatherboarding or tiles , or left exposed. When left exposed, both

2170-860: The Hesse Cutlery Factory in Fleckenberg, the Monastery Museum in Grafschaft or the Jurisdiction Museum in Bad Fredeburg. Annual events in many places in town are the marksmen's festivals ( Schützenfeste ) lasting two to four days between April and August. They celebrate the local traditions including parades, traditional music and dance in a local hall or tent and a shooting of a wooden bird. There are 20 marksmen's clubs ( Schützenvereine ) in town and each has its own Schützenfest. The biggest club

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2240-495: The UK. Several types of cruck frames are used; more information follows in English style below and at the main article Cruck . Aisled frames have one or more rows of interior posts. These interior posts typically carry more structural load than the posts in the exterior walls. This is the same concept of the aisle in church buildings, sometimes called a hall church , where the center aisle

2310-529: The archbishop's and the town council's deeds from 1243. There were several causes which let the place of “Smalenburg” (old German, “narrow castle”) receive town rights. Before Schmallenberg received town rights, there had been a castle of Schmallenberg which must have been destroyed around 1240. It was owned by the Archbishop of Cologne Conrad of Hochstadt and the Grafschaft Abbey. The Knight Johann Kolve had

2380-451: The assembly was held together with through-bolts. The through-bolts only held the assembly together but were not load-carrying. Shear plate connectors were used to transfer loads between timber members and metal. Shear plate connectors resembled large washers, deformed on the side facing the timber in order to grip it, and were through-fastened with long bolts or lengths of threaded rod. A leading manufacturer of these types of timber connectors

2450-684: The blood whether it be circulation or foreign matter is the root of disease. Under Kneipp's depiction of disease, water cures work by affecting the blood. They dissolve foreign matter, cleanse the blood of this matter, aid in circulation, and strengthen the body as a whole. In addition to specific cures, Kneipp had prescriptions with regard to food, drink and clothing. He believed that food should be dry and simple and should not be spicy. He also believed that people should drink primarily water but also allowed consumption of alcohol in moderation. As for clothing, Kneipp preferred self-spun clothing made of linen or hemp over wool. Kneipp's approach to medicine

2520-469: The complete skeletal framing of the building. Europe is full of timber-framed structures dating back hundreds of years, including manors, castles, homes, and inns, whose architecture and techniques of construction have evolved over the centuries. In Asia, timber-framed structures are found, many of them temples. Some Roman carpentry preserved in anoxic layers of clay at Romano-British villa sites demonstrate that sophisticated Roman carpentry had all

2590-498: The definition of health to include a more holistic view which included mental, social, and spiritual aspects. Toward the end of his life and after his death, various organizations were created to teach his methods. In 1891, he founded Kneipp Bund, an organization that promotes water healing to this day. In America, Kneipp Societies were founded, which, under the influence of Benedict Lust , changed their name to Naturopatic Society of America . Today there are 600 organizations that are

2660-509: The distinctive "half-timbered", or occasionally termed, " Tudor " style, or "black-and-white". The most ancient known half-timbered building is called the House of opus craticum . It was buried by the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 AD in Herculaneum, Italy. Opus craticum was mentioned by Vitruvius in his books on architecture as a timber frame with wattlework infill. However, the same term

2730-636: The famous street known as The Shambles exemplifies this, where jettied houses seem to almost touch above the street. Historically, the timbers would have been hewn square using a felling axe and then surface-finished with a broadaxe . If required, smaller timbers were ripsawn from the hewn baulks using pitsaws or frame saws. Today, timbers are more commonly bandsawn, and the timbers may sometimes be machine- planed on all four sides. The vertical timbers include: The horizontal timbers include: When jettying, horizontal elements can include: The sloping timbers include: Historically were two different systems of

2800-407: The festival. On each Second Sunday of Advent and Friday and Saturday before there is a Christmas market around the central town's Catholic church. Further Christmas markets can be found on different dates in other places of the town. Schmallenberg has many hiking trails adding up to approximately 2,500 kilometers, leading through forests, across mountains and through valleys. The Rothaarsteig ,

2870-610: The first people to publish the term "half-timbered" was Mary Martha Sherwood (1775–1851), who employed it in her book, The Lady of the Manor , published in several volumes from 1823 to 1829. She uses the term picturesquely: "...passing through a gate in a quickset hedge, we arrived at the porch of an old half-timbered cottage, where an aged man and woman received us." By 1842, half-timbered had found its way into The Encyclopedia of Architecture by Joseph Gwilt (1784–1863). This juxtaposition of exposed timbered beams and infilled spaces created

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2940-584: The framing and infill were sometimes done in a decorative manner. Germany is famous for its decorative half-timbering and the figures sometimes have names and meanings. The decorative manner of half-timbering is promoted in Germany by the German Timber-Frame Road , several planned routes people can drive to see notable examples of Fachwerk buildings. Gallery of some named figures and decorations: The collection of elements in half timbering are sometimes given specific names: According to Craven (2019),

3010-522: The framing. The coating of daub has many recipes, but generally was a mixture of clay and chalk with a binder such as grass or straw and water or urine . When the manufacturing of bricks increased, brick infill replaced the less durable infills and became more common. Stone laid in mortar as an infill was used in areas where stone rubble and mortar were available. Other infills include bousillage , fired brick , unfired brick such as adobe or mudbrick , stones sometimes called pierrotage , planks as in

3080-463: The joinery industry, especially where timber is cut by precision computer numerical control machinery. A jetty is an upper floor which sometimes historically used a structural horizontal beam, supported on cantilevers, called a bressummer or 'jetty bressummer' to bear the weight of the new wall, projecting outward from the preceding floor or storey. In the city of York in the United Kingdom,

3150-414: The joints with allowance of about 1 inch (25 mm), enough room for the wood to move as it ' seasoned ', then cut the pegs, and drive the beam home fully into its socket. To cope with variable sizes and shapes of hewn (by adze or axe) and sawn timbers, two main carpentry methods were employed: scribe carpentry and square rule carpentry. Scribing or coping was used throughout Europe, especially from

3220-410: The last of the three big fires of 1732, 1746 and 1822, 131 of 151 houses burnt down and Schmallenberg was rebuilt in the now characteristic structure (“Prussian ladder system”) with its half-timbered houses and slated roofs. In 1800, the town's iron manufacturing industry was the second largest in the whole Duchy of Westphalia . Major competition and high costs led to the decline of the industry, and

3290-467: The less common routes. It mainly serves the smaller villages. The Westfalenpost newspaper has editorial offices in Schmallenberg and Meschede and issues a daily local edition from Mondays to Saturdays. It shares its local edition with the Westfälische Rundschau which is another daily newspaper. The free advertising newspaper Sauerlandkurier also has an editorial office in Schmallenberg and

3360-453: The necessary techniques for this construction. The earliest surviving (French) half-timbered buildings date from the 12th century. Important resources for the study and appreciation of historic building methods are open-air museums . The topping out ceremony is a builders' rite , an ancient tradition thought to have originated in Scandinavia by 700 AD. In the U.S., a bough or small tree

3430-528: The nickname die Strumpfstadt (“the sock town”). Today, 25 per cent of the population work in forest and wood economy or in tourism. In 2016 there were 9,503 jobs based on social insurances. Major Schmallenberg companies are: The Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME) conducts research in the field of applied life sciences from a molecular level to entire ecosystems. The IME has around 140 employees working at its locations in Schmallenberg and Aachen . Schmallenberg’s aerodrome

3500-741: The number of knots, the moisture content, the temperature, the grain direction, the number of holes, and other factors. There are design specifications for sawn lumber, glulam members, prefabricated I-joists , composite lumber , and various connection types. In the United States, structural frames are then designed according to the Allowable Stress Design method or the Load Reduced Factor Design method (the latter being preferred). The techniques used in timber framing date back to Neolithic times, and have been used in many parts of

3570-463: The order to protect this castle. At this time, there already must have been some kind of settlement around. The archbishop did not consider the destroyed castle as useful any more. Furthermore, the local settlement was unprotected and in a risky situation because of the castle. That is why the archbishop and the Grafschaft Abbey wanted to fortify the place, leaving the old castle outside the town wall . In 1244 Schmallenberg received town rights and got

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3640-480: The panels span considerable distances and add rigidity to the basic timber frame. An alternate construction method is with concrete flooring with extensive use of glass. This allows a solid construction combined with open architecture. Some firms have specialized in industrial prefabrication of such residential and light commercial structures such as Huf Haus as low-energy houses or – dependent on location – zero-energy buildings . Straw-bale construction

3710-419: The poor thermal insulating properties of mudbrick, however, and usually have deep eaves or a veranda on four sides for weather protection. Timber design or wood design is a subcategory of structural engineering that focuses on the engineering of wood structures. Timber is classified by tree species (e.g., southern pine, douglas fir, etc.) and its strength is graded using numerous coefficients that correspond to

3780-529: The position of posts and studs: Ridge-post framing is a structurally simple and ancient post and lintel framing where the posts extend all the way to the ridge beams. Germans call this Firstsäule or Hochstud . In the 1930s a system of timber framing referred to as the "modern timber connector method" was developed. It was characterized by the use of timber members assembled into trusses and other framing systems and fastened using various types of metal timber connectors. This type of timber construction

3850-728: The roof trusses and supporting columns and their connection points. The timber members are held apart by "fillers" (blocks of timber). This leaves air spaces between the timber members which improves air circulation and drying around the members which improves resistance to moisture borne decay. Timber members in this type of framing system were connected with ferrous timber connectors of various types. Loads between timber members were transmitted using split-rings (larger loads), toothed rings (lighter loads), or spiked grid connectors. Split-ring connectors were metal rings sandwiched between adjacent timber members to connect them together. The rings were fit into circular grooves on in both timber members then

3920-599: The south on the Town of Bad Berleburg , and in the west on the Municipality of Eslohe (Sauerland) and the Town of Lennestadt . In the 1975 local government reorganization in the Sauerland and Paderborn the already existing Town of Schmallenberg was merged with the Town of Fredeburg (“Bad Fredeburg” today) and with the Municipalities of Berghausen, Bödefeld-Land, Dorlar, Fleckenberg, Freiheit Bödefeld, Grafschaft, Lenne, Oberkirchen, Rarbach and Wormbach which consisted of

3990-547: The term: was used informally to mean timber-framed construction in the Middle Ages. For economy, cylindrical logs were cut in half, so one log could be used for two (or more) posts. The shaved side was traditionally on the exterior and everyone knew it to be half the timber. The term half-timbering is not as old as the German name Fachwerk or the French name colombage , but it is the standard English name for this style. One of

4060-585: The timber structure entirely in manufactured panels such as structural insulated panels (SIPs). Although the timbers can only be seen from inside the building when so enclosed, construction is less complex and insulation is greater than in traditional timber building. SIPs are "an insulating foam core sandwiched between two structural facings, typically oriented strand board" according to the Structural Insulated Panel Association. SIPs reduce dependency on bracing and auxiliary members, because

4130-562: The town's territory. The Autobahn closest to Schmallenberg is the one in Other close junctions to different directions can be found in The closest train stations are the ones in Lennestadt-Altenhundem, Meschede and Winterberg. Buses of Busverkehr Ruhr-Sieg (BRS) serve the town on the main routes. An association only founded for this purpose voluntarily provides a Bürgerbus (“civic bus”) on

4200-462: The water treatments developed by Sigmund Hahn. After being ordained in 1852, he continued to experiment with water treatments in his parish. Kneipp began working with the cures developed by Vincenz Priessnitz but developed a more complicated and gentle method. His gentle cures contrast the earlier water cures that he referred to as horse cures for their strenuous nature. Kneipp's treatment of patients also contrasted that of hospital medicine because it

4270-463: The whole High Sauerland District . Schmallenberg has six elementary schools ( Grundschulen ) and three secondary schools (a Hauptschule , a Realschule and a Gymnasium ). There is also one special school of the High Sauerland District for emotional and social development, elementary and secondary level one (Martinsschule Dorlar) , one folk high school ( Volkshochschule )

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4340-606: The world during various periods such as ancient Japan, continental Europe, and Neolithic Denmark, England, France, Germany, Spain, parts of the Roman Empire , and Scotland. The timber-framing technique has historically been popular in climate zones which favour deciduous hardwood trees, such as oak . Its northernmost areas are Baltic countries and southern Sweden. Timber framing is rare in Russia, Finland, northern Sweden, and Norway, where tall and straight lumber, such as pine and spruce,

4410-533: Was a German Catholic priest and one of the forefathers of the naturopathic movement. He is most commonly associated with the "Kneipp Cure" form of hydrotherapy (often called "Kneipp therapy" or "Kneippism" ), the application of water through various methods, temperatures and pressures, which he claimed to have therapeutic or healing effects, thus building several hospitals in Bad Wörishofen . Although most commonly associated with one area of nature cure , Kneipp

4480-560: Was able to complete his studies. He was ordained as a Catholic priest in 1852. In the 19th century, there was a popular revival in the application of hydrotherapy , instigated around 1829 by Vincent Priessnitz , a peasant farmer in Gräfenberg , then part of the Austrian Empire . This revival was continued by Kneipp, "an able and enthusiastic follower" of Priessnitz, "whose work he took up where Priessnitz left it", after he came across

4550-639: Was not independent of his Catholic faith. His focus on water and herbs stems from the idea that remedies are naturally provided by God. His emphasis on plain food, drink, and clothing comes from the theory that humans should live in accord with nature. He used scripture as well as references to Roman practice to support the reasoning behind his cure and admitted that his treatments did not fall in line with current scientific understanding. The fact that his treatments were not based in scientific theory did not bother Kneipp because they were seen as able to succeed where scientific medicine could not. Sebastian Kneipp had

4620-460: Was personalized and took into account the patient's individual strengths and weaknesses. Kneipp's approach comes from his theory that all diseases originate in the circulatory system. This theory is similar to humoral theory . Like those who believed in humoral theory, Kneipp asserted that breathing miasmatic or excessively hot air would lead to disease. While it may deal with one humor instead of four, his theory still asserts that an imbalance in

4690-491: Was the Timber Engineering Company, or TECO, of Washington, DC. The proprietary name of their split-ring connectors was the "TECO Wedge-Fit". Timber-framed structures differ from conventional wood-framed buildings in several ways. Timber framing uses fewer, larger wooden members, commonly timbers in the range of 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in), while common wood framing uses many more timbers with dimensions usually in

4760-568: Was the proponent of an entire system of healing, which rested on five main tenets: Kneipp was born in 1821 in Stephansried in the Kingdom of Bavaria . His father was a weaver, and Kneipp trained as a weaver until he was 23 when he began training for the priesthood. Matthias Merkle, a priest in Grönenbach began instructing him, but Kneipp fell ill with tuberculosis in 1847. Kneipp was so ill that he

4830-472: Was used for various building types including warehouses, factories, garages, barns, stores/markets, recreational buildings, barracks, bridges, and trestles. The use of these structures was promoted because of their low construction costs, easy adaptability, and performance in fire as compared to unprotected steel truss construction. During World War II, the United States Army Corps of Engineers and

4900-528: Was visited by a physician around 100 times in each of his last two years of study. While Kneipp was ill, he began reading many books and found his illness described in a book about water cures. In 1850, Kneipp met a student in the Georgianum seminary in Munich that was also ill and shared water cures with him. Both Kneipp and his friend at the Georgianum recovered from their illnesses and with his renewed health Kneipp

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