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35-419: The festival was founded in 1986 by German concert pianist and conductor Justus Frantz . Within a short space of time, prominent supporters such as Leonard Bernstein were won over to the idea. He played a key role in ensuring that renowned musicians such as Yehudi Menuhin , Anne-Sophie Mutter , Svjatoslav Richter and Mstislav Rostropovich performed at the first edition of the festival in 1986. In 2006,

70-408: A different sense of what was "classical" in the 16th and 17th centuries. In this period, classicism took on more overtly structural overtones of orderliness, predictability, the use of geometry and grids, the importance of rigorous discipline and pedagogy, as well as the formation of schools of art and music. The court of Louis XIV was seen as the center of this form of classicism, with its references to

105-450: A well-rounded education in the liberal arts . The Renaissance also explicitly returned to architectural models and techniques associated with Greek and Roman antiquity, including the golden rectangle as a key proportion for buildings, the classical orders of columns , as well as a host of ornament and detail associated with Greek and Roman architecture. They also began reviving plastic arts such as bronze casting for sculpture, and used

140-545: Is a German pianist , conductor , and television personality. Frantz began playing piano at the age of ten and later studied with Eliza Hansen and Wilhelm Kempff at the Hochschule für Musik und Theater Hamburg under a scholarship from the Studienstiftung des deutschen Volkes , or German National Scholarship Foundation. In 1967, Frantz and Claus Kanngießer won the second prize at the international music competition of

175-489: Is a preference for rationality, or at least rationally guided catharsis, over emotionalism . Classicism in the theatre was developed by 17th century French playwrights from what they judged to be the rules of Greek classical theatre , including the " Classical unities " of time, place and action, found in the Poetics of Aristotle . Examples of classicist playwrights are Pierre Corneille , Jean Racine and Molière . In

210-657: Is a recurrent tendency in the Late Antique period, and had a major revival in Carolingian and Ottonian art . There was another, more durable revival in the Italian Renaissance when the fall of Byzantium and rising trade with the Islamic cultures brought a flood of knowledge about, and from, the antiquity of Europe . Until that time, the identification with antiquity had been seen as a continuous history of Christendom from

245-506: Is in questions concerning constitutions or forms of government." However, Plato and Aristotle are not the seedbed but simply the seeds that grew from a seedbed of political predecessors who had debated this topic for centuries before their time. For example, Herodotus sketched out a debate between Theseus , a king of the time, and Creon 's messenger. The debate simply shows proponents of democracy, monarchy, and oligarchy and how they all feel about these forms of government. Herodotus' sketch

280-464: Is just one of the beginning seedbeds for which Plato and Aristotle grew their own political theories. Another Greek philosopher who was pivotal in the development of Classical political philosophy was Socrates . Although he was not a theory-builder, he often stimulated fellow citizens with paradoxes that challenged them to reflect on their own beliefs. Socrates thought "the values that ought to determine how individuals live their lives should also shape

315-595: The Classical and Romantic periods, particularly by Mozart . He has played many pieces for piano duet or four hands with Christoph Eschenbach . Frantz came under criticism after justifying the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation in 2014, calling it "making amends for historical wrongdoing" and labeling himself a Putinversteher (Putin sympathizer, literally: "Putin understander"). He repeatedly criticized

350-448: The Italian Renaissance , notably in the writings and designs of Leon Battista Alberti and the work of Filippo Brunelleschi . It places emphasis on symmetry , proportion , geometry and the regularity of parts as they are demonstrated in the architecture of Classical antiquity and, in particular, the architecture of Ancient Rome , of which many examples remained. Orderly arrangements of columns , pilasters and lintels , as well as

385-593: The Schleswig-Holstein Musik Festival in 1986 and became a UNHCR Goodwill Ambassador in 1989, a post from which he has since retired. He also founded the Philharmonia of the Nations in 1995. From September 2013 is musical director of The Israel Sinfonietta Beersheba . In May 2024 Frantz outed himself as bisexual. He had during his life different same-sex partnerships. Frantz mostly plays music from

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420-626: The 15th and 16th centuries, it spread through Europe in the mid to late 17th century. Later classicism in painting and sculpture from the mid-18th and 19th centuries is generally referred to as Neoclassicism . Classicism in political philosophy dates back to the ancient Greeks . Western political philosophy is often attributed to the great Greek philosopher Plato . Although political theory of this time starts with Plato, it quickly becomes complex when Plato's pupil, Aristotle, formulates his own ideas. "The political theories of both philosophers are closely tied to their ethical theories, and their interest

455-463: The 15th century Leon Battista Alberti was important in theorizing many of the ideas for painting that came to a fully realized product with Raphael 's School of Athens during the High Renaissance . The themes continued largely unbroken into the 17th century, when artists such as Nicolas Poussin and Charles Le Brun represented of the more rigid classicism. Like Italian classicizing ideas in

490-527: The 21st festival was from 15 July through 3 September with the Low German festival motto Dat klinkt lekker (That sounds nice). The 22nd festival in 2007 focused on Hungary, 2008 on Russia, 2009 on Germany, when the motto was Heimspiel ( home game ). In 2010 the motto was Poland in Pulse featuring music from Poland. The regional focus was in 2011 Turkey, in 2012 China, and in 2013 Baltic states. Beginning in 2014,

525-651: The ARD playing as a cello and piano duo, marking the beginning of his international career. He first played with the Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra , conducted by Herbert von Karajan in 1970. In 1975, he played in his United States debut concert with the New York Philharmonic Orchestra conducted by Leonard Bernstein , who became his lifelong friend. Other conductors with whom he has played include Carlo Maria Giulini and Rudolf Kempe . He founded

560-462: The Persian Empire. The ornate, organic, and complexly integrated forms of the baroque were to give way to a series of movements that regarded themselves expressly as "classical" or " neo-classical ", or would rapidly be labelled as such. For example, the painting of Jacques-Louis David was seen as an attempt to return to formal balance, clarity, manliness, and vigor in art. The 19th century saw

595-582: The Renaissance was seen as a means to combine the organic medieval with the orderly classical. The 19th century continued or extended many classical programs in the sciences, most notably the Newtonian program to account for the movement of energy between bodies by means of exchange of mechanical and thermal energy. The 20th century saw a number of changes in the arts and sciences. Classicism was used both by those who rejected, or saw as temporary, transfigurations in

630-592: The cities of Lübeck , Kiel , Flensburg and smaller towns within the state such as Eutin or Plön , as well as in the countryside in castles, manors, old barns or little Brick Gothic village churches. Most locations are also historic sites of interest, monuments and part of the state's World Heritage Sites , including the Musikhochschule Lübeck . Justus Frantz Justus Frantz (born 18 May 1944 in Inowrocław , Poland , then Hohensalza, Germany )

665-570: The classical age as being the precursor of academicism, including such movements as uniformitarianism in the sciences, and the creation of rigorous categories in artistic fields. Various movements of the Romantic period saw themselves as classical revolts against a prevailing trend of emotionalism and irregularity, for example the Pre-Raphaelites . By this point, classicism was old enough that previous classical movements received revivals; for example,

700-523: The classical ideals than others, particularly the Age of Enlightenment , when Neoclassicism was an important movement in the visual arts. Classicism is a specific genre of philosophy, expressing itself in literature, architecture, art, and music, which has Ancient Greek and Roman sources and an emphasis on society . It was particularly expressed in the Neoclassicism of the Age of Enlightenment . Classicism

735-494: The classical naturalism as the foundation of drawing , painting and sculpture. The Age of Enlightenment identified itself with a vision of antiquity which, while continuous with the classicism of the previous century, was shaken by the physics of Sir Isaac Newton , the improvements in machinery and measurement, and a sense of liberation which they saw as being present in the Greek civilization, particularly in its struggles against

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770-447: The concept changed by highlighting a specific composer for each year. The composer retrospectives were devoted in 2014 to Felix Mendelssohn , in 2015 to Peter Tchaikovsky , in 2016 to Joseph Haydn , in 2017 to Maurice Ravel , in 2018 to Robert Schumann , in 2019 Johann Sebastian Bach , in 2020 Carl Nielsen , in 2021 Franz Schubert , and in 2022 Johannes Brahms . The festival concerts and recitals are organized in collaboration with

805-427: The conversion of Roman Emperor Constantine I . Renaissance classicism introduced a host of elements into European culture, including the application of mathematics and empiricism into art, humanism , literary and depictive realism , and formalism . Importantly it also introduced Polytheism , or " paganism " , and the juxtaposition of ancient and modern. The classicism of the Renaissance led to, and gave way to,

840-606: The emphasis on form, simplicity, proportion, clarity of structure, perfection and restrained emotion, as well as explicit appeal to the intellect. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint and compression we are simply objecting to the classicism of classic art. A violent emphasis or a sudden acceleration of rhythmic movement would have destroyed those qualities of balance and completeness through which it retained until

875-679: The gods of Olympus as a symbolic prop for absolutism, its adherence to axiomatic and deductive reasoning, and its love of order and predictability. This period sought the revival of classical art forms, including Greek drama and music. Opera , in its modern European form, had its roots in attempts to recreate the combination of singing and dancing with theatre thought to be the Greek norm. Examples of this appeal to classicism included Dante , Petrarch, and Shakespeare in poetry and theatre . Tudor drama, in particular, modeled itself after classical ideals and divided works into Tragedy and Comedy . Studying Ancient Greek became regarded as essential for

910-449: The invasion. Classicism Classicism , in the arts , refers generally to a high regard for a classical period, classical antiquity in the Western tradition, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. In its purest form, classicism is an aesthetic attitude dependent on principles based in the culture, art and literature of ancient Greece and Rome , with

945-465: The long tradition of Palladian architecture . Building off of these influences, the 17th-century architects Inigo Jones and Christopher Wren firmly established classicism in England. For the development of classicism from the mid-18th-century onwards, see Neoclassical architecture . Italian Renaissance painting and sculpture are marked by their renewal of classical forms, motifs and subjects. In

980-417: The major works of ancient Greek and Latin literature . The 17th–18th centuries significant Classical writers (principally, playwrights and poets) include Pierre Corneille , Jean Racine , John Dryden , William Wycherley , William Congreve , Jonathan Swift , Joseph Addison , Alexander Pope , Voltaire , Carlo Goldoni , and Friedrich Gottlieb Klopstock . Classicism in architecture developed during

1015-840: The period of Romanticism , Shakespeare , who conformed to none of the classical rules, became the focus of French argument over them, in which the Romantics eventually triumphed; Victor Hugo was among the first French playwrights to break these conventions. The influence of these French rules on playwrights in other nations is debatable. In the English theatre, Restoration playwrights such as William Wycherley and William Congreve would have been familiar with them. William Shakespeare and his contemporaries did not follow this Classicist philosophy, in particular since they were not French and also because they wrote several decades prior to their establishment. Those of Shakespeare's plays that seem to display

1050-447: The political life of the community." he believed the people of Athens involved wealth and money too much into the politics of their city. He judged the citizens for the way they amassed wealth and power over simple things like projects for their community. Just like Plato and Aristotle, Socrates did not come up with these ideas alone. Socrates ideals stem back from Protagoras and other 'sophists'. These 'teachers of political arts' were

1085-492: The political, scientific, and social world and by those who embraced the changes as a means to overthrow the perceived weight of the 19th century. Thus, both pre-20th century disciplines were labelled "classical" and modern movements in art which saw themselves as aligned with light, space, sparseness of texture, and formal coherence. In the present day philosophy classicism is used as a term particularly in relation to Apollonian over Dionysian impulses in society and art; that

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1120-509: The present century its position of authority in the restricted repertoire of visual images." Classicism, as Clark noted, implies a canon of widely accepted ideal forms, whether in the Western canon that he was examining in The Nude (1956). Classicism is a force which is often present in post-medieval European and European influenced traditions; however, some periods felt themselves more connected to

1155-447: The sanctions imposed on Russia, referring to Russian President Vladimir Putin as a "cultivated man". In February 2023, Frantz was one of the initial signers of a petition calling for an end to military support to Ukraine in the wake of the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine . Later that year, Frantz also participated as a judge in the 2023 International Tchaikovsky Competition despite a broader boycott by other musicians and judges amidst

1190-417: The unities, such as The Tempest , probably indicate a familiarity with actual models from classical antiquity . Most famous 18th-century Italian playwright and libretist Carlo Goldoni created a hybrid style of playwriting (combining the model of Molière with the strengths of Commedia dell'arte and his own wit and sincerity). The literary classicism drew inspiration from the qualities of proportion of

1225-408: The use of semicircular arches, hemispherical domes , niches and aedicules replaced the more complex proportional systems and irregular profiles of medieval buildings. This style quickly spread to other Italian cities and then to France, Germany, England, Russia and elsewhere. In the 16th century, Sebastiano Serlio helped codify the classical orders and Andrea Palladio 's legacy evolved into

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