Misplaced Pages

#49950

35-471: Saybrook may refer to: Places [ edit ] Saybrook Colony (1635–1644), later merged with what is now the State of Connecticut Old Saybrook, Connecticut Saybrook, Illinois , a village Saybrook Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio and the unincorporated crossroads of Saybrook in the township Education [ edit ] Saybrook College , one of

70-554: A Western Niantic community of 85 people, including 56 children, in the present-day village of Niantic. He sketched their wigwams and noted similarities between the design they used and those used by the Kickapoo . He further reported that 11 Niantic men had been killed between 1755-1761 while serving with colonial troops. By the end of the 1700s, the Niantic peoples had adopted many aspects of Yankee New England culture , including adopting

105-519: A few months. Dutch efforts to colonize the area were revived in 1632 when New Netherland director Wouter van Twiller sent Hans Eechyus to purchase land at the mouth of the Connecticut River from the local Indians. Eechyus subsequently built a fur trading post there and named it Kievet's Hook. In 1631 Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick , president of the Council for New England , granted a patent to

140-658: A group of Puritan noblemen giving them the right to all the land from the Narragansett Bay to the Pacific Ocean . Warwick lacked the authority to grant this patent without the rest of the Council's approval, but plans for colonization proceeded anyway. The founders of the English colony were ardent Puritans and Parliamentarians, with the colony's founders hoping it would serve as a possible political refuge from Charles I . Besides

175-911: The Three Sisters : maize, beans, and squash. They also hunted, fished, and collected nuts, roots, and fruits. During the Late Woodland period , they also dined on snake and turtle meat. Like the Narragansetts, the Niantics lived around salt ponds mainly in what is now coastal Rhode Island , in semi-permanent settlements or dispersed villages. Socially, the Niantic community valued both personal autonomy and group unity, with individual families responsible for providing for themselves. They crafted shell artworks but did not create too many projectile points, showing similar shared culture extending from southern Connecticut to Long Island to Martha's Vineyard. The arrival of

210-614: The 14 residential colleges at Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut Saybrook University (originally the Humanistic Psychology Institute, and later Saybrook Graduate School and Research Center), a California university specializing in psychology, organizational systems, and human science See also [ edit ] Marty Saybrooke , a fictional character Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with

245-425: The 17th century the Niantic were pushed out of the land by the neighboring Pequot . In 1614 Dutch explorer Adriaen Block was sent to explore eastern New Netherland, in the process becoming the first European to sail up the Connecticut River. The Dutch, fearing English expansion in the region, sent a group of settlers from New Amsterdam in 1623. This effort would be unsuccessful and the settlers would return after

280-541: The Eastern Niantics became very close allies to the Narragansetts . It is likely that the name Nantucket is derived from the tribe's endonym , Nehantucket. The division of the Niantics became so great that the language of the eastern Niantics is classified as a dialect of Narragansett , while the language of the western Niantics is classified as Mohegan-Pequot . Today, only western Nehantics are known to exist, in

315-464: The Mohegan and Pequot peoples in the southeastern Connecticut region led to the split of the Niantic people into Western Niantic and Eastern Niantic divisions. By the time European settlers arrived in southern Rhode Island in 1636, the Niantic and Narragansett peoples were closely related, both in terms of sociopolitics and family groups. The Eastern Niantic population, led by Ninigret , lived primarily in

350-546: The Puritan lords. The badge of Yale 's Saybrook College is derived from the seal of the colony. The seal also established grapevines as a symbol of Connecticut. The colony's motto Qui Transtulit Sustinet "He Who Transplanted Still Sustains" remains the motto of Connecticut today. Fenwick's wife, Lady Anne Butler, was the first white woman in Connecticut. She would end up becoming a subject of local lore after her tombstone

385-582: The Western Niantics by the colonists and their Indian allies; the roughly 100 surviving members of the Western Niantics merged into the Mohegans. Some members of the Mohegans can trace their ancestry back to the Niantics, especially in the vicinity of Lyme, Connecticut . Following King Philip's War (1675–1676), the Narragansetts were reduced in population from 5,000 to a few hundred, while Eastern Niantics were largely spared due to Ninigret's neutrality during

SECTION 10

#1732852554050

420-573: The area of coastal New London County, Connecticut . The Niantics spoke an Algonquian Y-dialect similar to their neighbors the Pequots, Mohegans , and Narragansetts in New England, and the Montauks on eastern Long Island. Prior to European colonization of their lands, the Niantics spent their summers fishing and digging the shellfish which were abundant there and for which the area is famous. They cultivated

455-499: The areas of present-day Westerly, Rhode Island , and Charlestown, Rhode Island . Conflict developed between the Niantics and their colonial neighbors, with the English colonists conducting punitive military expeditions against the Niantics, resulting in massive destruction. The violence became more widespread on both sides of the conflict and degenerated into the Pequot War in 1637. This conflict resulted in almost total destruction of

490-906: The autumn of 1713, Christian missionaries had begun to try converting Eastern Niantics to Christianity, though they were met with resistance. In the 1720s, a more concentrated, organized effort began, but success was largely limited to those Eastern Niantics who had been taken as household servants and slaves by European families. Widespread interest in Christianity did not begin amongst the Western or Eastern Niantics until 1743, after which distinct congregations formed for each group. In 1733, Western Niantics travelled to Woodstock, Connecticut , from East Lyme, Connecticut , in order "to barter their skins and furs for powder, shot, rings, knives, cloth, pipes, tobacco, beads, lace, whistle and other commodities" with local merchants. In October 1761, Ezra Stiles encountered

525-484: The best land under the colony's charter, to respect the authority of the new colony. Unfortunately, Winthrop was given no instructions on incorporating these settlers into the colonial government and Winthrop was unwilling to acquiesce to the gentlemen investors demands of securing large plots of lands for themselves. Winthrop finally arrived in the colony in April of 1636, but seeing a lack of funding, settlers unwilling to accept

560-511: The colony to the neighboring Connecticut Colony for an annual payment of 180 pounds, one third wheat, one third peas, and one third rye or barley. After selling the colony, Fenwick returned to England where he served as a colonel in the Civil War and became Member of Parliament for Morpeth and later governor of Berwick-upon-Tweed . Though he ultimately decided not to settle in Saybrook, Cromwell

595-468: The colony's authority, and hostile Indians, returned to Boston just a few months into his year long contract as governor, leaving Lion Gardiner in charge of the fort. The three doors of Fort Saybrook were ten feet high and four feet wide, encircling an area of two hundred square feet. Several of the colony's settlers were veterans of the Thirty Years' War . Among these settlers was Lion Gardiner, who

630-582: The colony, Winthrop named it in honor of William Fiennes, 1st Viscount Saye and Sele and Robert Greville, 2nd Baron Brooke , prominent Parliamentarians and the principal investors in the colony. After securing the area from the Dutch, Winthrop, along with Hugh Peter and Henry Vane the Younger spent the winter of 1635-36 attempting to convince the settlers of the Connecticut Valley , who had occupied much of

665-652: The conflict. Surviving Narragansetts fled to the Eastern Niantics in such great numbers that the tribe became known as the Narragansetts. Eastern Niantics continued to lead the joined tribes; by 1679, Ninigret had been succeeded by his daughter Weunquest, who died circa 1686. Entering the 18th century, the Eastern Niantic-Narragansett community in Rhode Island was one of the largest in Southern New England, with 300-500 Eastern Niantics outnumbering

700-652: The dominant culture's religious beliefs, style of dress, and class system. In 1780, residents of New Shoreham, Rhode Island , voted to take Eastern Niantic-Narragansett land on the grounds that "the native Indians [are] extinct in [this] Town." Following the American Revolution , numerous Eastern Niantic families fled west and joined the Brotherton Indians in New York and eventually Wisconsin. Those that remained were often seen by political leaders as separate from

735-561: The early 20th century, Mohegan people of southeastern Connecticut considered Western Niantic peoples to be amongst their elders, turning to them for additional guidance on sacred traditions, medicine, symbolism, and tribal history. In the 1930s, Niantics attended a gathering at Mashapaug Pond in Providence, Rhode Island that also included Narragansetts, Nipmucks , Wampanoags , Passamaquoddys , and Misquamicuts . In 1998, about 35 Connecticut families claiming Niantic descent incorporated as

SECTION 20

#1732852554050

770-448: The eponymous Viscount Saye and Sele and Baron Brooke, the group of investors included future Lord Protector Oliver Cromwell , John Hampden , Arthur Hesilrige , and John Pym . The investment group had previously funded the failed colonies of Providence Island and Cocheco . The Puritan gentlemen, however, were not allowed to leave England and found it difficult to discretely sell their English estates. By September of 1635, reports of

805-591: The gentlemen's intentions had spread and they dared not attempt to emigrate. The investors instead offered to join the Massachusetts Bay Colony on the condition that they be established in the Massachusetts government as a hereditary nobility, a condition rejected by the colony due to its lack of a requirement that freemen be church members. John Winthrop Jr. of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

840-492: The land from the Narragansett Bay to the Pacific Ocean . Saybrook was named in honor of two of its primary investors, the Lords Saye and Sele and Brooke . John Winthrop the Younger was contracted as the colony's first governor, but quickly left Saybrook after failing to enforce its authority over Connecticut's settlers. With Winthrop gone, Lion Gardiner was left in charge of Saybrook's considerable fort, defending it when it

875-406: The state sold their burial ground, which was desecrated. The Crescent beach community was developed on top of this area. Niantic skeletal remains have been uncovered during excavation for new construction projects over the years, as recently as 1988. In 1880, the Eastern Niantic-Narragansett reservation was sold to the state of Rhode Island, with only the church remaining under their control. In

910-537: The surviving Narragansetts. Weunquest's half-brother Ninigret II succeeded her, and under his leadership, the Niantic-Narragansetts received their reservation in 1709. He died in 1723, by which time the Eastern Niantics were fully known as Narragansetts. Alcoholism, political infighting, and pressure from the European settlers in the area began to harm the tribe, with population shrinking to 51 families by 1730. By

945-510: The title Saybrook . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saybrook&oldid=1091541419 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Saybrook Colony The Saybrook Colony

980-484: The white community but also not as Indigenous, resulting in Niantics being listed as "Black" or "Negro" in Rhode Island town records, a reclassification that would make it difficult for them to maintain their claim on their ancestral lands. By 1870, the Western Niantics were declared extinct by the state of Connecticut, which sold their 300-acre (1.2 km ) reservation on the Black Point peninsula of East Lyme. In 1886,

1015-517: Was a short-lived English colony established in New England in 1635 at the mouth of the Connecticut River in what is today Old Saybrook, Connecticut . Saybrook was founded by a group of Puritan noblemen as a potential political refuge from the personal rule of Charles I . They claimed possession of the land via a deed of conveyance from Robert Rich, 2nd Earl of Warwick , which granted the colony

1050-523: Was besieged during the Pequot War . Governor George Fenwick arrived in the colony in 1639, but quickly saw it as a lost cause. Fenwick negotiated the colony's sale to Connecticut in 1644 after interest in colonization dried up due to the investors' involvement in the English Civil War . The area that would become the site of the colony was originally inhabited by the Niantic people , however, early in

1085-492: Was hired to remove the Dutch from the area and did so with a group of twenty men and two cannons. When his men found the coat of arms of the Dutch West India Company nailed to a tree, they took it down and replaced it with a shield with a smiling face. Shortly after the seizure a Dutch ship came to the rivers mouth but was intimidated by the English cannons, surrendering the fort to English control. After establishing

Saybrook - Misplaced Pages Continue

1120-500: Was in charge of constructing the fort and planning the town. As the fort was being constructed, Gardiner's wife Mary gave birth to a son, David, the first European child born in Connecticut. The defensive precautions would prove useful when during the Pequot War the colony withstood a siege from September 1636 to April 1637, the longest engagement of the war. The fort lasted from 1635 to the winter of 1647/48 when it burned down, though it

1155-522: Was long warmly regarded by the Puritan New Englanders. He was often referred to by his first name Oliver, including by John Adams . The name Oliver remained popular in New England well after his death, despite waning in popularity in England. The town of Cromwell, Connecticut was also named in his honor. As late as 1864, town residents could still recall the plots of land that were to be assigned to

1190-520: Was quickly replaced with another fort closer to the river. In 1639 George Fenwick arrived in the colony to replace Winthrop as governor. The colony would soon struggle with the outbreak of the English Civil War in 1642, with the colony's backers canceling plans to settle in Saybrook, instead deciding to fight for the Parliamentarian cause. With English support lost, Fenwick negotiated to sell

1225-416: Was removed to make room for a railroad. 41°17′06″N 72°21′29″W  /  41.285°N 72.358°W  / 41.285; -72.358 Niantic people The Niantic people were divided into eastern and western groups due to intrusions by the more numerous and powerful Pequots . The Western Niantics were subject to the Pequots and lived just east of the mouth of the Connecticut River , while

#49950