The titles of the Count of Savoy , and then Duke of Savoy , are titles of nobility attached to the historical territory of Savoy . Since its creation, in the 11th century, the House of Savoy held the county. Several of these rulers ruled as kings at one point in history or another.
22-513: The Savoyard state comprised the states ruled by the counts and dukes of Savoy from the Middle Ages to the formation of the Kingdom of Italy . It was an example of composite monarchy , but is a term applied to the polity by historians and was not in contemporary use. At the end of the 17th century, its population was about 1.4 million. The multi-century history of Savoy included the period before
44-818: The Italian Navy . He was an Honorary Companion of the Pennsylvania Commandery of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States , assigned insignia number 21015, as a great-grandson of Prince Philippe, Count of Paris . On 22 July 1964, at the Igreja Paroquial De São Pedro in Sintra , Portugal, Amedeo married his second cousin, Princess Claude of Orléans (born 11 December 1943). She
66-627: The Kingdom of Italy from 1861 to 1946 when the monarchy was abolished. Victor Amadeus II was the longest reigning monarch of Savoy, followed by Charles Emmanuel I , and Charles III or Amadeus VIII . aged around 36 (2) Marie Jeanne of Savoy 10 May 1665 Turin one son Polyxena of Hesse-Rotenburg 20 August 1724 Six children After the death of Umberto II in 1983, Prince Vittorio Emanuele succeeded him. On 7 July 2006, Amadeo claimed that Vittorio Emanuel had lost his royal rights when he married without Umberto II's permission in 1971, in which Amadeo declared himself
88-721: The County of Savoy, then the County of Savoy , the Duchy of Savoy , the period from Savoy to Sicily and Sardinia before Italian unification , and thereafter. From the Middle Ages , the state comprised the Duchy of Savoy , the Principality of Piedmont , the Duchy of Aosta , and the County of Nice , all of which were formally part of the Holy Roman Empire ; however, the Savoyards often acted against
110-765: The Emperor, repeatedly siding with the French during the Franco-Habsburg Wars . From 1708, it included the Duchy of Montferrat , then the Kingdom of Sicily from 1713 until 1720, the Kingdom of Sardinia from 1720, and the Duchy of Genoa from 1815. The Final Act of the Congress of Vienna of 1815 refers to them as the " States of His Majesty the King of Sardinia ". Among contemporaries, "Kingdom of Sardinia" and "Sardinia" were used as common short forms, even though they were confounded with
132-553: The Head of the Royal House on the same day. Prince Amedeo, Duke of Aosta (1943%E2%80%932021) Prince Amedeo of Savoy-Aosta, 5th Duke of Aosta ( Amedeo Umberto Costantino Giorgio Paolo Elena Maria Fiorenzo Zvonimir di Savoia ; 27 September 1943 – 1 June 2021) was a claimant to the headship of the House of Savoy , the family which ruled Italy from 1861 to 1946. Until 7 July 2006, Amedeo
154-595: The Head of the House of Savoy and Duke of Savoy , claiming that in 1971 Vittorio Emanuele had lost his dynastic rights when he married without previously obtaining the permission of Umberto II, authorization which had been required under monarchical law. However, there have been claims that consent could also be granted after the wedding. In addition, there were disputes over the surname used by Amedeo. In 2009, Vittorio Emanuele and his son, Emanuele Filiberto, Prince of Venice , sought judicial intervention to forbid Amedeo's use of
176-921: The Hotel Ifen in Hirschegg, Austria, before being released in May 1945. When Amedeo was only four years old, his father died in exile in Buenos Aires , and he succeeded him as Duke of Aosta, Prince della Cisterna e Belriguardo, Marchese di Voghera, and Count di Ponderano. Amedeo studied at the Collegio Navale Morosini in Venice and in England. He then attended the Naval Academy in Livorno from which he graduated as an officer in
198-640: The House of Savoy, has stated that the Council of the Senators of the Kingdom was dissolved in 2002 and that it never had any authority in matters of the succession. Eugenio Armando Dondero, spokesman for the Coordinamento Monarchico Italiano , has asked why Amedeo did not claim to be head of the House of Savoy in 1983 when Umberto II died. But others, including constitutional jurist Guido Locatello, declared
220-675: The blood royal, compelling the Unione to recognise Amedeo as rightful head of the royal house—although at that time Aosta had put forth no public dynastic claim. Amedeo was a Knight of the Supreme Order of the Most Holy Annunciation named by Umberto II , a Grand Cross of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus named by his cousin Vittorio Emanuele , and a Knight of Honor and Devotion of
242-550: The chapel of Villa Spedalotto in Bagheria , Sicily . She is the daughter of Vincenzo Paternò di Spedalotto, 6th Marchese di Reggiovanni, and of Rosanna Bellardo e Ferraris. Amedeo and Silvia had no children. Amedeo had a daughter with Kyara van Ellinkhuizen, born outside of wedlock: Amedeo and his wife Silvia lived in the village of San Rocco near the town of Castiglion Fibocchi in Tuscany (about 15 km northwest of Arezzo ). He
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#1732852598756264-659: The island . "Piedmont", "Savoy-Piedmont" and "Piedmont-Sardinia" are also sometimes used to emphasise that the economic and political centre of the Savoyard state was the Piedmont since the late Middle Ages. The seat of the rulers was in Turin . Each state had its own institutions and laws. These territories formed a composite state under the House of Savoy until the Perfect Fusion in 1847. By 1861, this unified state had acquired most of
286-453: The marriage of Vittorio Emanuele to be in violation of Savoy dynastic law years before scandal evoked any clamor for Amedeo to replace him. The Unione Monarchica Italiana published in its newsletter, Monarchia Nuova , on 12 February 1987 that the Prince of Naples' marriage to Marina Doria violated the decree of Victor Amadeus III , issued 13 September 1780, regulating the marriages of princes of
308-526: The other states on the Italian peninsula and formed the Kingdom of Italy , while its territories north and west of the Alps (including Savoy proper) became part of France. Scholarship has debated and used several different terms to reference the often disjointed possessions under control of the House of Savoy. Robert Oresko introduced the term "Sabaudian" in 1997. Counts and dukes of Savoy The County of Savoy
330-483: The surname di Savoia . In February 2010, the court of Arezzo ruled that the Amedeo and his son Aimone must pay damages totalling 50,000 euros to their cousins and cease using the surname di Savoia instead of di Savoia-Aosta . Amedeo's claim received the support of Vittorio Emanuele's sister, Princess Maria Gabriella of Savoy . However, the verdict was overturned on appeal, with the court of second resort allowing Amedeo
352-520: The use of the short surname, in the form of di Savoia , and additionally revoking the financial penalty originally imposed on him. Although many monarchists transferred their allegiance to Amedeo at some point after King Umberto's death, Amedeo was criticized by other Italian royalists who continue to support Prince Vittorio Emanuele. Sergio Pellecchi, President of the Giunta of the Chivalric Orders of
374-515: Was a great-great-grandson of Queen Victoria . Only three weeks before Amedeo's birth, Italy had surrendered to the Allies . His father, then king-designate of Croatia , abdicated. Italy's former ally, Germany, thereupon launched a military operation to occupy Italy . The infant Amedeo was interned by the Nazis along with his mother , aunt , and two cousins Margherita and Maria Cristina, and sent to
396-515: Was elevated to a duchy at the beginning of the 15th century, bringing together all the territories of the Savoyard state and having Amadeus VIII as its first duke. In the 18th century, Duke Victor Amadeus II annexed the Kingdom of Sardinia to the historical possessions of the Duchy, and from then on, the Savoyard dukes also held the title of Kings of Sardinia . The House of Savoy later went on to rule
418-554: Was involved in various agricultural activities including the production of wine marketed under the name Vini Savoia Aosta . Since 1997, Amedeo was president of the International Foundation Pro Herbario Mediterraneo . From 2003 to 2006, he was president of the committee responsible for the nature reserve on the island of Vivara . Always close to the head of the Savoy dynasty, ex- King Umberto II , Amedeo
440-415: Was long viewed by Italian royalists as a likely claimant to the throne if Umberto's own son, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , failed to live up to monarchist expectations. When Umberto II died in 1983, however, Amedeo recognised Vittorio Emanuele as Head of the House of Savoy, even accepting the award of the Order of Saints Maurice and Lazarus from him. On 7 July 2006, Amedeo declared himself to be
462-492: Was styled Duke of Aosta ; on that date he declared himself Duke of Savoy , a title that was disputed between him and his third cousin, Vittorio Emanuele, Prince of Naples , only son of King Umberto II of Italy . Amedeo was born at Villa della Cisterna in Florence , the only child of Prince Aimone, Duke of Aosta , formerly designated king of Croatia as Tomislav II , and of Princess Irene of Greece and Denmark through whom he
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#1732852598756484-515: Was the ninth child and fifth daughter of Henri, comte de Paris , Orléanist claimant to the French throne, and of Princess Isabelle of Orléans-Braganza . Amedeo and Claude officially separated 20 July 1976, obtained a civil divorce 26 April 1982, and an ecclesiastical annulment from the Roman Rota 8 January 1987. Amedeo and Claude had three children: On 30 March 1987, Amedeo married Silvia Paternò di Spedalotto (b. Palermo , 31 December 1953) in
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