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34-564: The city of Zwolle experienced its heyday during the 15th century. It became a member of the Hanseatic League in 1407, and the city gates represent the wealth of this period. In 1893 the city government of Zwolle gave the Sassenpoort to the Dutch national government, as a location to store the national archives, a function the building no longer serves. The building remains to this day property of

68-552: A dispute over toll collection on the IJssel River. Zwolle initially aligned with the Duke of Gelre, Charles of Egmont, but eventually returned to the Bishop of Utrecht. During this period of political unrest, Duke Charles of Gelre was captured when he entered Zwolle. Ultimately, he was allowed to depart under the condition that Zwolle would retain its independence. The name Blauwvingers stems from

102-641: A population of 132.441 as of December 2023. Zwolle borders the province of Gelderland and lies on the eastern side of the River IJssel . Archaeological findings indicate that the area surrounding Zwolle has been inhabited for a long time. A woodhenge that was found in the Zwolle-Zuid suburb in 1993 was dated to the Bronze Age period. During the Roman era, the area was inhabited by Salian Franks . The modern city

136-525: A prototypical style of organ building, and in his prolific output. The latter was made possible by his good business sense: Schnitger was one of the first builders to use cost-cutting measures on a large scale to ensure the affordability of organs for small village churches. One of Schnitger's landmark instruments, the organ at St. Jacobikirche, Hamburg, was a renovation and enlargement of an instrument previously rebuilt in 1636 by Gottfried Fritzsche (1578–1638). Organs like these are credited with inspiring

170-488: A stamp in the series Mooi Nederland ( beautiful Netherlands ) with an image of the Sassenpoort. The Sassenpoort has stained glass windows in which 13 coats of arms can be seen. There should be 14, but one of the coats of arms has disappeared. It is suspected that this coat of arms, of the Ridderschap Overijssel, was located in the window of the current little kitchen. The coats of arms that are still visible are from

204-753: A team in Magdeburg , in Bremen and in Groningen . His organ designs typify the essential North German organ: multiple divisions, usually with a rückpositif (division on the gallery rail, behind the player's back); large, independent pedal divisions, often placed in towers on either side of the main case; well-developed principal choruses in each division with abundant reeds, flutes, and mutation stops; and meantone temperament . All of these features could be found on North German organs prior to Schnitger's activity; Schnitger's genius lay in his ability to synthesize these elements into

238-461: Is a hub in the national highway network, and gateway to northern Netherlands. This is reflected in the high traffic volumes in and around the city. The A28 serves Zwolle with 4 exits, and runs from Utrecht to Groningen . It is being widened to 8 lanes across the IJssel River and 6 lanes from Zwolle to Meppel in 2010 and 2011. The motorway initially opened between 1964 and 1970. Another motorway,

272-590: Is one of the tallest and most famous church towers in the Netherlands. The modernized town hall was originally built in 1448. Mention should also be made of the Sassenpoort (one of the old city gates), the city walls, the Mosterdmakerstoren ( mustard makers' tower ) (the complex where local mustard used to be made), a guild-house (1571), the former provincial government offices, a Dominican monastery, and on

306-478: Is part of the Top 100 Dutch heritage sites . The national building service classifies the gate as "category I". This category contains monuments of which ownership and preservation by the state is considered of extraordinary cultural historic importance. In order to prevent damage by exhaust gasses, driving under the gate has been prohibited since 2010. The gate now serves as a pedestrian road. In 2006 TPG Post brought out

340-531: Is unknown; the scholar Gustav Fock hypothesises it was on 2 July 1648, a week before his baptism. Schnitger was born into a family of woodworkers and wood carvers. He was apprenticed at the age of 18. Between 1666 and 1671, Schnitger studied organ building with his cousin Berendt Huss ( c. 1630-1676) in Glückstadt and worked as a journeyman. In 1682, Schnitger and his workshop moved to Hamburg . In 1708, he

374-520: The A50 , interchanges with A28 just west of the city, offering a route for southbound traffic to Apeldoorn and Eindhoven . The N35 highway starts in Zwolle, where it forms the eastern section of the ring road of Zwolle, it runs as a non-motorway to Almelo and continues to Enschede as A35 motorway . The ringroad is mainly a 4-lane road, with numerous traffic lights. It forms a full ring, and also exists out of

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408-520: The N337 highway that runs to Deventer . Other sections of the ring road are not numbered. Parts of the ring road were widened to six lanes in 2010. Other numbered highways running from Zwolle are N331 to Hasselt , N758 to Nieuwleusen , N340 to Ommen and N764 to Kampen . Due to nearby rivers, there are several major bridges in and around Zwolle. The most important bridge is the IJssel Bridge where

442-514: The Zwarte Water River, including two 4-lane bridges, a 2-lane bridge, and a bus/bicycle bridge. There is also a bridge across the Vecht , which carries A28 motorway. Another local bridge is adjacent to this bridge. A third bridge carries rail traffic to Leeuwarden and Groningen . Numerous local bridges exist around the historic city center. The first train in Zwolle arrived on 6 June 1864. Today

476-454: The church bells to neighbouring city Kampen . To make sure that Kampen would not make too much profit from the deal, the local authorities asked a high price for the church bells. Kampen accepted, yet after the arrival of the bells it became clear, they were too damaged to be played. In revenge, Kampen paid in copper coins of four duiten (the equivalent of two-and-a-half cents ). Zwolle distrusted Kampen and wanted to be sure they truly paid

510-450: The A28 motorway runs across. It was completed in 1970 and carries over 125.000 vehicles per day. Adjacent to this bridge is the older IJssel Bridge, which opened in 1930 and was destroyed twice during World War II . A third IJssel Bridge is the railway bridge (called Hanze boog) which carries the railway line from Zwolle to Amersfoort , and from 2012, to Lelystad . There are several bridges across

544-506: The Augustinian convent in which Thomas à Kempis spent the greatest part of his life and died (in 1471). At least as early as 1911, Zwolle had a considerable trade by river, a large fish market, and the most important cattle market in the Netherlands after Rotterdam . The more important industries comprised cotton manufactures, iron works, boat-building, dyeing and bleaching, tanning, rope-making, and salt-making. In World War II , Zwolle

578-776: The Melkmarkt, two museums; the Stedelijk Museum Zwolle of antiquities and natural history, and the Vrouwenhuis . Museum de Fundatie , the fine art museum of the province of Overijssel, is hosted in the former Justice Hall on Blijmarkt Square. In the western part of the city, west of the railway station, there is a quarter of Art Nouveau buildings, concentrated mostly on Koningin Wilhelminastraat, Prinses Julianastraat, and Prins Hendrikstraat. These three-store living houses were built in 1900s by various Dutch architects. Eleven of

612-561: The bishop of Utrecht granted Zwolle city rights . Zwolle became a member of the Hanseatic league in 1294, and in 1361 joined the war between the Hanseatic League and Valdemar IV of Denmark . In the 1370 Treaty of Stralsund that ended the war, Zwolle was awarded a vitte , a trade colony, in Scania , then part of Denmark . Zwolle's golden age came in the 15th century. Between 1402 and 1450,

646-496: The buildings are protected by the Dutch government ( rijksmonumenten ). The Broerenkerk church was part of the Dominican monastery founded in 1465. The monastery was closed in 1580 and the monks were expelled. From 1640 until 1982 the church was used for Protestant services. After a restoration in 1983–1988 it has been used for cultural events and it is now a bookstore. Zwolle is home to several universities and colleges: Zwolle

680-590: The city has rail connections in eight directions (viz. Kampen , Leeuwarden , Groningen , Emmen , Enschede , Arnhem / Nijmegen , Lelystad / Amsterdam , and Amersfoort ). The rail connection with Amsterdam via Lelystad – the Hanzelijn – is operational since December 2012. The second station, Zwolle Stadshagen , was opened on 15 December 2019. Zwolle is located on or near three rivers ( Zwarte Water , Vecht , and IJssel ), several canals (the now disused Willemsvaart, Nieuwe Vecht and Overijssels Kanaal and

714-580: The city's Gross Regional Product multiplied by about six. In July 1324 and October 1361, regional noblemen set fire to Zwolle. In the 1324 fire, only nine buildings escaped the flames. Zwolle was also, with Deventer , one of the centers of the Brethren of the Common Life , a monastic movement. 5 km (3 mi) from Zwolle, on a slight eminence called the Agnietenberg, (hill of St Agnes), once stood

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748-618: The entire country. In 2023, Tewelde Goitom , an Eritrean convicted in Ethiopia of migrant smuggling, kidnapping in Sinai and human trafficking appeared at a pretrial hearing in Zwolle, which made international headlines. Citizens of Zwolle are colloquially known as Blauwvingers (Bluefingers). According to legend, this dates back to 1682, when the St ;Michael's church tower collapsed. The authorities were strapped for cash and saw no option but to sell

782-460: The entire price. After the rigorous counting of this vast amount of money, their fingers had turned blue from the counting of money. In reality, the name Blauwvinger stems from 1521, when the governors of Zwolle broke the oath of loyalty they made to the Duke of Gelre. The name Blauwvinger refers to the raised fingers, with which the governors had promised their loyalty to the Duke at his inauguration. At that time, Zwolle and Kampen were embroiled in

816-559: The fact that the residents committed perjury twice, first to the bishop and then to the duke. Besides the Grote of Sint Michaëlskerk (St. Michael's church), the latter which houses a majestic Baroque organ built by Arp Schnitger , there are several other historic monuments in Zwolle. The Roman Catholic Onze Lieve Vrouwe ten Hemelopneming - basilica (Our Lady of the Assumption) dates back to 1399. The church tower, called Peperbus (pepperpot),

850-470: The following places: 52°30′35″N 6°05′43″E  /  52.509722°N 6.095278°E  / 52.509722; 6.095278 Zwolle Zwolle ( Dutch: [ˈzʋɔlə] ) is a city and municipality in the Northeastern Netherlands . It is the capital of the province of Overijssel and the province's second-largest municipality, after Enschede , and has

884-591: The frequent floodings of the rivers. Zwolle was established on that incline. A document mentions the existence of a parish church dedicated to St Michael . That church, the Grote of Sint Michaëlskerk (St. Michael's church), was renovated in the first half of the 15th century and exists to this day. The church contains a richly carved pulpit , the work of Adam Straes van Weilborch (about 1620), some good carving, and an exquisite Baroque organ from 1721 designed by master organ builder Arp Schnitger and completed by his sons Franz Caspar and Johann Georg. On 31 August 1230,

918-488: The modern Zwolle-IJssel Kanaal). There are some water-related industries in Zwolle, mainly in the Voorst industrial area. Zwolle is currently twinned with: In the past, Zwolle had partnerships with: There is also a small rural town in the U.S. State of Louisiana named after Zwolle . The two cities maintain close informal ties. Arp Schnitger Arp Schnitger (2 July 1648 – 28 July 1719 (buried))

952-413: The national government. In the period between 1893 and 1898 restoration work took place. The dormers were made, and a neogothic spire clock tower was installed, replacing an earlier 18th century spire. In between the corner towers is a machicolation . From holes in the floor of this outer work, boiling oil could be thrown at enemies. The gatehouse became a rijksmonument on 13 February 1967 and

986-539: The renaissance in organ building during the early twentieth century, with a return to tracker action and smaller, more cohesive instruments, as distinct from the late-Romantic trend of extremely large symphonic organs. In particular, the organ at the Jacobikirche, Hamburg, played a pivotal role in the organ reform movement beginning in 1925, as a series of conferences taking place at historical organ sites in Germany and Alsace

1020-655: Was an influential Northern German organ builder . Considered the paramount manufacturer of his time, Schnitger built or rebuilt over 150 organs. He was primarily active in Northern Europe , especially the Netherlands and Germany , where a number of his instruments still survive. Schnitger was born near Schmalenfleth in Oldenburg , Germany , and was baptized on 9 July 1648 in Golzwarden . The exact date of Schnitger's birth

1054-577: Was appointed organ builder of the Prussian court. In 1684, Schnitger was married to Gertrude Otte (1665-1707). His sons Franz Caspar and Johann Jürgen Schnitger trained with their father and continued his work after his death. His burial was recorded in the parish of St. Pancratiuskirche at Neuenfelde-Hamburg on 28 July 1719. Schnitger was one of the most prolific builders of his time, having built approximately 95 new instruments, rebuilt about 30, and repaired or renovated another 30. He ran several shops and had

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1088-466: Was founded around 800 CE by Frisian merchants and troops of Charlemagne . Previous spellings of its name include the identically pronounced Suolle , which means "hill" (cf. the English cognate verb "to swell"). This refers to an incline in the landscape between the four rivers surrounding the city, IJssel , Vecht , Aa and Zwarte Water . The hill was the only piece of land that would remain dry during

1122-682: Was inaugurated there. A number of Schnitger's organs were featured on recordings by E. Power Biggs , who is generally credited with reintroducing them to modern listeners. More recently, Schnitger's organs can be heard on several recordings by German organist Harald Vogel . Schnitger's instruments in Groningen, Uithuizen, Noordbroek and Nieuw Scheemda were featured in the documentary Martinikerk Rondeau , in which Jürgen Ahrend , Cor Edskes and Bernhardt H. Edskes detail Schnitger's life and demonstrate his working methods. Schnitger's organs have also served as inspiration for many modern builders; GOArt ,

1156-510: Was single-handedly liberated from the Germans by French-Canadian soldier Léo Major . He was made an honorary citizen of Zwolle on 14 April 2005, the 60th anniversary of his liberating of the city. He also has a street named after him, Leo Majorlaan. In 2004, Zwolle's De Librije restaurant was honored with 3 stars by Michelin Guide ; as of 2018, it is one of only three restaurants so honored in

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