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95-532: List of neighbourhoods Saskatchewan Drive and Scona Road runs through, in order from south to north: This is a list of major intersections, starting at the south end of Saskatchewan Drive. The entire route is in Edmonton . This Alberta road, road transport or highway-related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . This Edmonton -related article is a stub . You can help Misplaced Pages by expanding it . Edmonton, Alberta Edmonton

190-587: A board of directors appointed by the city. In 1995, City of Edmonton ownership of its telephone service ended when Ed Tel was sold to the Telus corporation. City Bylaw 11713 created The Ed Tel Endowment Fund whereas the shares owned by Edmonton Telephones Corporation in Ed Tel Inc. were sold by the City of Edmonton to Telus on March 10, 1995, for $ 470,221,872 to be invested for the perpetual benefit of Edmontonians. Unions such as

285-515: A company chaplain. Rundle's tenure lasted until 1848, and his ministry and missionary work was met with competition of a sort by Jean-Baptiste Thibault , a Catholic priest who, like Rundle, was attempting to evangelize natives in the area. A chapel was erected inside the fort in 1843, which the Reverend Rundle boasted could host "(one) hundred Indians"; the structure also had two small rooms for Rundle's private use. Meanwhile, Rowand complained that

380-754: A connection to the Great Northland, as it was situated relatively close to the Athabasca River whose waters flow into the Mackenzie River and the Arctic Ocean. Located on the farthest north of the major rivers flowing to the Hudson Bay and the HBC's shipping posts there, Edmonton was for a time the southernmost of the HBC's forts. From 1795 to 1830 it was located in four successive locations. Prior to 1821 each location

475-427: A fairly dry climate, receiving 455.7 mm (17.94 in) of precipitation per year, of which 347.8 mm (13.69 in) is rain and 111.2 mm (4.38 in) is the melt from 123.5 cm (48.6 in) from snowfall. Over 75% of the average annual precipitation falls in the late spring, summer, and early autumn, with the wettest month being July, having a mean precipitation of 93.8 mm (3.69 in), and

570-473: A gathering place for aboriginals in the region for thousands of years. It is possible the HBC officials on the ground might have adopted a new name for the new fort. But an 1800 directive from HBC main offices in London had instructed them to stop switching names. (Later after Fort Edmonton was moved to its third site, the head office staff instructed them to stop using the same name for differently-located forts. It

665-479: A long-serving member of the HBC, John Edward Harriott , became the chief trader under Rowand. The two gained family ties when Harriott married one of Rowand's daughters. On a couple of occasions when Rowand joined HBC Inland Governor George Simpson for travel abroad, Harriott acted as chief factor. Rowand's administration from the 1830s onward coincided with a great change in the Saskatchewan District. For

760-737: A major base for distributing mail, food, and medicine to Northern Canada ; hence Edmonton's emergence as the "Gateway to the North". World War II saw Edmonton become a major base for the construction of the Alaska Highway and the Northwest Staging Route . The airport was closed in November 2013. On July 31, 1987, an F4 tornado hit the city and killed 27 people. The storm hit the areas of Beaumont, Mill Woods , Bannerman , Fraser , and Evergreen . The day became known as "Black Friday" and earned

855-987: A major park. The first residents moved into Blatchford in November 2020. Edmonton has four major industrial districts: the Northwest Industrial District, the Northeast Industrial District, the Southeast Industrial District, and the emerging Edmonton Energy and Technology Park, which is part of Alberta's Industrial Heartland. The northwest, northeast and southeast districts each have smaller industrial areas and neighbourhoods within them. The city has established 12 business revitalization zones : 124 Street and Area , Alberta Avenue , Beverly, Downtown, Chinatown and Little Italy , Fort Road and Area, Inglewood, Kingsway, North Edge, Northwest Industrial, Old Strathcona and Stony Plain Road. In

950-565: A major regional commercial and agricultural centre. Some people participating in the Klondike Gold Rush passed through South Edmonton/Strathcona in 1897. Strathcona was North America's northernmost railway point, but travel to the Klondike was still very difficult for the "Klondikers", and a majority of them took a steamship north to the Yukon from Vancouver , British Columbia. Incorporated as

1045-604: A more southerly latitude than Edmonton. Its average daily temperatures range from a low of −10.4 °C (13.3 °F) in January to a summer peak of 17.7 °C (63.9 °F) in July, with average maximum of 23.1 °C (73.6 °F) in July and minimum of −14.8 °C (5.4 °F) in January. Temperatures can exceed 30 °C (86 °F) for an average of four to five afternoons anytime from late April to mid-September and fall below −20 °C (−4 °F) for an average of 24.6 days in

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1140-539: A near-majority in 1929, and a full majority from 1932 to 1934, during the Great Depression. Jan Reimer became the city's first female mayor when she was elected in 1989. In 2021, Amarjeet Sohi became the first person of colour to be elected as mayor of Edmonton. Edmonton is on the North Saskatchewan River, at an elevation of 671 m (2,201 ft). It is North America's northernmost city with

1235-420: A plan of Edmonton. The artist Paul Kane first visited the fort in 1845. He produced several works of art based upon his time there. In May 1854, John Rowand died while accompanying the annual York Boat trip eastward. Accounts suggest that he tried to break up (or join) a skirmish between some of the tripmen while at Fort Pitt , and in his rage he fell suddenly dead. He was initially buried at Fort Pitt, but

1330-874: A planned inland port logistics support facility in support of the Port Alberta initiative) in Leduc County, the Acheson Industrial Area in Parkland County , Refinery Row in Strathcona County and Alberta's Industrial Heartland within portions of Fort Saskatchewan, Strathcona County and Sturgeon County . Alberta's Industrial Heartland also extends beyond the CMA's northeastern boundary into Lamont County . The individual economic development interests and costs of service delivery in certain municipalities within

1425-518: A population of 932,546 living in 360,828 of its 387,950 total private dwellings, a change of 14.8% from its 2011 population of 812,201. With a land area of 685.25 km (264.58 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,360.9/km (3,524.7/sq mi) in 2016. Fort Edmonton Fort Edmonton (also named Edmonton House) was the name of a series of trading posts of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) from 1795 to 1914, all of which were located on

1520-477: A population of over one million. Residents are called Edmontonians . Known as the "Gateway to the North" outside of Ontario , Edmonton has become a staging point for large-scale oil sands projects occurring in northern Alberta and large-scale diamond mining operations in the Northwest Territories . It is a cultural, governmental and educational centre. It hosts festivals year-round, reflected in

1615-470: A population over one million. It is south of Alberta's geographic centre, which is near the Hamlet of Fort Assiniboine . The terrain in and around Edmonton is generally flat to gently rolling, with ravines and deep river valleys, such as the North Saskatchewan River valley. The Canadian Rockies are west of Edmonton and about 220 km (140 mi) to the southwest. The North Saskatchewan River originates at

1710-569: A series of annexations through 1982, and the annexation of 8,260 ha (82.6 km ; 31.9 sq mi) of land from Leduc County and the City of Beaumont on January 1, 2019. As of 2021 , Edmonton had a city population of 1,010,899 and a metropolitan population of 1,418,118, making it the fifth-largest city and sixth-largest metropolitan area (CMA) in Canada. It is the northernmost city and metropolitan area in North America to have

1805-502: A small glass section of the roof collapsed under the weight of the rainwater, causing water to drain onto the mall's indoor ice rink. As a result, the mall was evacuated as a precautionary measure. Twelve tornadoes had been recorded in Edmonton between 1890 and 1989, and eight since 1990. An F4 tornado that struck Edmonton on July 31, 1987, killing 27, was unusual in many respects, including severity, duration, damage, and casualties. It

1900-536: A three-storey house in the heart of the fort for the exclusive use of him and his family, denoting his station to his subordinates, visitors and trade partners alike. This was nicknamed "Rowand's Folly." Two Catholic missionaries, Francois-Norbert Blanchet and Modeste Demers, were the first to visit Fort Edmonton (called Fort-des-Prairies ) in 1838. Starting in 1840, the Fort housed the Wesleyan missionary Robert Rundle as

1995-488: A town in 1892 with a population of 700 and then as a city in 1904 with a population of 8,350, Edmonton became the capital of Alberta when the province was formed a year later, on September 1, 1905. In November 1905, the Canadian Northern Railway (CNR) arrived in Edmonton, accelerating growth. During the early 1900s, Edmonton's rapid growth led to speculation in real estate. In 1912, Edmonton amalgamated with

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2090-406: Is 972,223, a change of 8.1% from its 2016 municipal census population of 899,447. After factoring in dwellings that did not respond to the municipal census, Edmonton's population is further estimated to be 992,812. Per its municipal census policy, the city's next municipal census is scheduled for 2020. In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the City of Edmonton had

2185-446: Is commonly referred to as Black Friday due both to its aberrant characteristics and the emotional shock it generated. Then-mayor Laurence Decore cited the community's response to the tornado as evidence that Edmonton was a "city of champions," which later became an unofficial slogan of the city. Edmonton is at the centre of Canada's sixth-largest census metropolitan area (CMA), which includes Edmonton and 34 other municipalities in

2280-464: Is divided into a town centre community ( Mill Woods Town Centre ) and eight surrounding communities: Burnewood , Knottwood , Lakewood , Millbourne , Millhurst , Ridgewood , Southwood , and Woodvale . Each has between two and four neighbourhoods. Several transit-oriented developments (TOD) have begun to appear along the LRT line at Clareview, with future developments planned at Belvedere (part of

2375-572: Is from this muddle that the present-day City of Edmonton bears the name that it does.) The first woman of European descent known to live in this region was the French-Canadian Marie-Anne Lagimodière (née Gaboury) , who was also noteworthy as the grandmother of Louis Riel . She had accompanied her fur trader husband, Jean-Baptiste Lagimodière , into the west shortly after their marriage in Trois-Rivières , Lower Canada, and

2470-443: Is known as Kuę́ Nedhé , a metonymic toponym which also generally means 'city'. The earliest known inhabitants arrived in the area that is now Edmonton around 3,000 BC and perhaps as early as 12,000 BC when an ice-free corridor opened as the last glacial period ended and timber, water, and wildlife became available in the region. The site of present-day Edmonton was home to several First Nations peoples, including

2565-457: Is no official signage on the site. Perhaps a local name for a creek that enters the Saskatchewan on the south side of the river opposite the site commemorates the old forts - its name is Fort Creek. Coordinates: 53°31′44″N 113°29′53″W  /  53.52889°N 113.49806°W  / 53.52889; -113.49806 Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus moved back to the second site at

2660-518: Is now northeast Edmonton. The Hudson's Bay Company and the North West Company merged in 1821. After the amalgamation, the companies used the Hudson's Bay Company name. The name Fort Augustus was dropped, and John Rowand, the former NWC factor, became chief trader of the HBC's Fort Edmonton . Fort Edmonton became the headquarters for the Saskatchewan District of Rupert's Land, which stretched from

2755-621: Is the capital city of the Canadian province of Alberta . It is situated on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Metropolitan Region , which is surrounded by Alberta's central region . It anchors the northern end of what Statistics Canada defines as the " Calgary–Edmonton Corridor ", a region spanning between it and Calgary , Alberta's largest city, including many smaller municipalities between

2850-637: Is within the Canadian Prairies Ecozone . Aspen parkland surrounds the city and is a transitional area from the prairies to the south and boreal forest in the north. The aspen woods and forests in and around Edmonton have long since been reduced by farming and residential and commercial developments including oil and natural gas exploration. Edmonton has a humid continental climate ( Köppen Dfb , Trewartha climate classification Dcbc ) with typically cold, dry winters and warm, sunny summers, prone to extremes and large swings at all times of

2945-411: Is within the city's mature area or inner city. It and the surrounding Boyle Street , Central McDougall , Cloverdale , Garneau , McCauley , Oliver , Queen Mary Park , Riverdale , Rossdale, Strathcona and University of Alberta form Edmonton's Central Core. Oliver and Garneau are the city's most populated and most densely populated neighbourhoods respectively. The mature area sector also contains

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3040-417: The 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada , the City of Edmonton had a population of 1,010,899 living in 396,404 of its 428,857 total private dwellings, a change of 8.3% from its 2016 population of 933,088. With a land area of 765.61 km (295.60 sq mi), it had a population density of 1,320.4/km (3,419.8/sq mi) in 2021. At the census metropolitan area (CMA) level in

3135-489: The Blackfoot , yet the generally more southerly Blackfoot refused to travel so far off of their normal circles and consequently took their trade south to Americans. While the Hudson's Bay Company and North West Company still operated separate posts, in direct competition with each other, the two posts were built inside a shared palisade . After its abandonment in 1812, the forts fell into ruin and little remains of them. There

3230-497: The Canadian Rocky Mountains in the west to Fort Carlton in the east; from the 49th parallel in the south to Lesser Slave Lake in the north. In 1823, Rowand was promoted to chief factor. Rowand managed Saskatchewan District from Fort Edmonton until his death in 1854. Coordinates: 53°31′55″N 113°30′24″W  /  53.53194°N 113.50667°W  / 53.53194; -113.50667 Due to floods in

3325-762: The Columbia Icefield in Jasper National Park and bisects the city. It sometimes floods Edmonton's river valley, most notably in the North Saskatchewan River flood of 1915 . It empties via the Saskatchewan River , Lake Winnipeg , and the Nelson River into Hudson Bay . It runs from the southwest to the northeast and is fed by numerous creeks throughout the city, including Mill Creek , Whitemud Creek and Blackmud Creek ; these creeks have created ravines, some of which are used for urban parkland . Edmonton

3420-547: The Cree , Nakota Sioux , Blackfoot , Tsuut'ina , Ojibwe , and Denesuline . The valley of the North Saskatchewan River , in particular the area of Edmonton, was settled to varying degrees for thousands of years, and provided many essential resources, including fish, medicine, and materials for tool making, such as chert or quartzite , which are abundant in the area around the modern city and which can be easily knapped into tools such as axes , knives , and arrowheads . The city

3515-556: The Government of Canada in 1868, pursuant to the Rupert's Land Act 1868 , thus ending the HBC's administration of the vast territory and beginning an era of settlement in the 1870s. By the 1890s, the fort was in disrepair and largely abandoned. The Hudson's Bay Company transitioned to retail stores, and business in Edmonton ran from one of those instead. In 1841 James Sinclair stopped at Fort Edmonton to receive instructions on where to cross

3610-624: The Industrial Workers of the World struggled for progressive social change through the early years, with the first reformer, James East , elected in 1912, followed by the first official Labour alderman, James Kinney , the following year. Many thousands of workers participated in the Edmonton general strike of 1919 and a strong block of Labour representatives were on council after the next election: East, Kinney, Sam McCoppen, Rice Sheppard and Joe Clarke . Labour representation on city council became

3705-667: The North West Company . It remained sparsely populated until the Canadian acquisition of Rupert's Land in 1870, followed eventually by the arrival of the Canadian Pacific Railway in 1891, its inauguration as a city in 1904, and its designation as the capital of the new province of Alberta in 1906. Its growth was facilitated through the absorption of five adjacent urban municipalities ( Strathcona , North Edmonton , West Edmonton , Beverly and Jasper Place ) in addition to

3800-519: The Oblate missionary Albert Lacombe first visited Fort Edmonton. With Rundle having trouble controlling the department in 1848, Lacombe easily took up residence in the former Methodist chapel. Lacombe took pity on the fur trade labourers, opining that, "during the summer months, [Hudson's Bay labourers' toil] was as hard as that of the African slave.". He found little sympathy for the workers from John Rowand or

3895-660: The York Factory Express overland trade route, was peripherally involved in the Oregon Boundary Dispute . A pair of British Army lieutenants, Mervin Vavasour and Henry James Warre , were sent on a mission in the guise of eccentric gentlemen to reconnoitre the lower Columbia River valley and Puget Sound . Among other objectives, they were to determine which HBC posts could be used in a military conflict. The trip had been encouraged by Sir George Simpson Governor of

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3990-459: The 2021 census, the Edmonton CMA had a population of 1,418,118 living in 548,624 of its 589,554 total private dwellings, a change of 7.3% from its 2016 population of 1,321,441 . With a land area of 9,416.19 km (3,635.61 sq mi), it had a population density of 150.6/km (390.1/sq mi) in 2021. The population of the City of Edmonton according to its 2019 municipal census

4085-500: The 9th Earl of Southesk visited on his way to the Rocky Mountains , hoping that the fresh mountain air would improve his health. He recorded his observations in the 1874 book Saskatchewan and Rocky Mountains and also published a book on Cree syllabics in 1875. Viscount William Milton and William Butler Cheadle came through Edmonton in 1862/3 and published accounts of their journey. The spring of 1870 saw Fort Edmonton come under

4180-579: The CPR station at Calgary, to ensure that no local outbreak would occur. Most of the soldiers went on out to chase down Big Bear and his band. What remained of the fifth Fort Edmonton was dismantled in October, 1915. It was seen as a crumbling eyesore next to the Alberta Legislature Building, which had been completed three years earlier. The Government of Alberta indicated at the time that it would use

4275-488: The City Centre Airport, and even warmer in the city proper. A massive cluster of thunderstorms swept through Edmonton on July 11, 2004, with large hail and over 100 mm (3.9 in) of rain reported within an hour in many places. This "1-in-200 year event" flooded major intersections and underpasses and damaged both residential and commercial properties. The storm caused extensive damage to West Edmonton Mall;

4370-463: The City of Strathcona south of the North Saskatchewan River ; as a result, the city held land on both banks of the North Saskatchewan River for the first time. Just before World War I , the boom ended, and the city's population declined from more than 72,000 in 1914 to less than 54,000 only two years later. Many impoverished families moved to subsistence farms outside the city, while others fled to greener pastures in other provinces. Recruitment to

4465-484: The City of Beaumont, increasing the city's area to 767.85 km (296.47 sq mi), with discussions of annexing an additional 2,830 ha (28.3 km ; 10.9 sq mi) of Edmonton International Airport land still ongoing. Edmonton is divided into 375 neighbourhoods within seven geographic sectors – a mature area sector, which includes neighbourhoods that were essentially built out before 1970, and six surrounding suburban sectors. Edmonton's Downtown

4560-493: The City of Edmonton and Leduc County came to an agreement on Edmonton's annexation proposal. The City of Edmonton was poised to annex 12,100 ha (121 km ; 47 sq mi) of land from Leduc County and Beaumont, including the Edmonton International Airport, as a result. On January 1, 2019, the City of Edmonton officially annexed 8,260 ha (82.6 km ; 31.9 sq mi) from Leduc County and

4655-580: The Crown , as part of the Numbered Treaties . The agreement includes the Plains and Woods Cree, Assiniboine , and other band governments of First Nations at Fort Carlton , Fort Pitt , and Battle River . The area covered by the treaty represents most of the central area of the current provinces of Saskatchewan and Alberta. The coming of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) to southern Alberta in 1885 helped

4750-569: The Edmonton economy, and the 1891 building of the Calgary and Edmonton (C&E) Railway resulted in the emergence of a railway townsite (South Edmonton/Strathcona) on the river's south side, across from Edmonton. The arrival of the CPR and the C&;E Railway helped bring settlers and entrepreneurs from eastern Canada, Europe, the U.S. and other parts of the world. The Edmonton area's fertile soil and cheap land attracted settlers, further establishing Edmonton as

4845-596: The European traders of both companies in a land where they were all intruders. Edmonton House, and the subsequent forts, was named by John Peter Pruden , clerk to the HBC's George Sutherland. The Fort was named after Edmonton , Middlesex , England , birthplace of both Pruden and HBC Deputy Governor Sir James Winter Lake. In addition to the NWC-HBC rivalry, two or three competing fur-trading posts were also built nearby. Grants Company, independent fur buyer Francois Beaubien and

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4940-405: The HBC clerks. The following year, Lacombe moved to Lac St. Anne , but had a new Catholic chapel constructed in the fort in 1857 (but did not dwell there); this chapel lasted nearly twenty years before being moved outside of the fort. A Methodist follow-up to Robert Rundle, Reverend Thomas Woolsey , was dispatched to Edmonton in 1852. His arrival in the fort coincided with Lacombe's residency in

5035-491: The Hudson's Bay Company. Fifteen years later, on March 19, 1885, during the North West Rebellion , the telegraph wire connecting Edmonton to the rest of the world was cut. Fearing imminent attack, many local settlers and their families took shelter within the fort's old wooden palisade walls. No attack happened. Within a few weeks, marching and mounted troops arrived from southern Alberta and from eastern Canada by way of

5130-707: The Hudson's Bay Company. Warre and Vavasour reported that the mountain passes were unsuitable for troop transport. Their mission took them through Fort Edmonton in the fall of 1845, and again on their way back to Montreal in 1846. They wrote: "Without attempting to describe the numerous Defiles through which we passed, or the difficulty of forcing a passage through the burnt Forests, and over the high land, we may venture to assert, that Sir George Simpson's idea of transporting troops. . . with their stores, etc. through such an extent of uncultivated Country and over such impracticable Mountains would appear to Us quite unfeasible." As with other forts he visited on this mission, Vavasour drew

5225-569: The North West Company reportedly built forts near the Fort Edmonton/Fort Augustus location. Coordinates: 53°31′44″N 113°29′53″W  /  53.52889°N 113.49806°W  / 53.52889; -113.49806 In 1802, due to several years of declining fur returns and increasingly scarce firewood, Fort Edmonton and Fort Augustus were moved upstream, to what is now the Rossdale area of downtown Edmonton. This area had been

5320-636: The Old Town Fort Road Redevelopment Project). Another TOD, Century Park, is being constructed at the site of what was once Heritage Mall, at the southern end of the LRT line. Century Park will eventually house up to 5,000 residents. The Edmonton City Centre Airport is being redeveloped into a sustainable community of 30,000 people called Blatchford , comprising a transit-oriented mixed use town centre, townhouses, low, medium and high rise apartments, neighbourhood retail and service uses, renewable energy, district heating and cooling, and

5415-568: The Prairies of Rupert's Land were mainly to seek contact with the Indigenous population for establishing the fur trade , as the competition was fierce between the HBC and the North West Company (NWC). By 1795, Fort Edmonton was established on the river's north bank as a major trading post for the HBC, near the mouth of the Sturgeon River close to present-day Fort Saskatchewan . Fort Edmonton

5510-703: The Rockies. With him were about 116 to 121 mostly Métis settlers from the Red River Colony , hired by the Pugets Sound Agricultural Company to settle on Fort Nisqually and Cowlitz Farm within modern Washington state . Captain John Palliser stayed in Fort Edmonton for a time in 1858 while on his famous expedition . With the help of the factor's wife, Palliser held a ball there. In 1859,

5605-478: The Rossdale flats, it having proven to be a site more amenable for Natives to visit. A crew of workers was sent from Fort Edmonton at White Earth to begin construction of a new post at the Rossdale location on October 6, 1812. Post Factor James Bird marked out the layout of the new post on October 10. James Bird's son William Bird was born at Fort Edmonton and later played a role in the naming of today's Mill Creek. In

5700-480: The army during the war also contributed to the drop in population. Afterwards, the city slowly recovered in population and economy during the 1920s and 1930s and took off again during and after World War II . The Edmonton City Centre Airport opened in 1929, becoming Canada's first licensed airfield. Originally named Blatchford Field in honour of former mayor Kenny Blatchford , pioneering aviators such as Wilfrid R. "Wop" May and Max Ward used Blatchford Field as

5795-411: The city the moniker "City of Champions". In 1892, Edmonton was incorporated as a town. The first mayor was Matthew McCauley , who established the first school board in Edmonton and Board of Trade (later Chamber of Commerce) and a municipal police service. Due to McCauley's good relationship with the federal Liberals, Edmonton maintained economic and political prominence over Strathcona, a rival town on

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5890-576: The driest months being February, March, October, November and December. Significant snowfall accumulation typically begins in late October and tapers off by late March. Dry spells are not uncommon and may occur at any time of the year. Extremes do occur, such as the 114 mm (4.49 in) of rainfall that fell on July 31, 1953. Much of the precipitation that Edmonton receives in the summer comes from late-day thunderstorms, which are frequent and occasionally severe enough to produce large hail, damaging winds, funnel clouds, and tornadoes. The summer of 2006

5985-710: The early 21st century, the Province of Alberta formed the Capital Region Board (CRB) on April 15, 2008. The CRB consists of 24 member municipalities – 22 of which are within the Edmonton CMA and two of which are outside the CMA. The City of Edmonton announced in March 2013 its intent to annex 156 square kilometres of land (including the Edmonton International Airport) from Leduc County. On November 30, 2016,

6080-438: The final Fort Edmonton (near the present-day Alberta Legislature Building in Edmonton). A few months later (on Oct. 5, 1795), Hudson's Bay began to construct Edmonton House close by, taking advantage of the same two rivers; in a possible revelation of the competitive nature of the companies, Fort Augustus and Edmonton House's distance was described as being a "musket-shot" apart, yet the proximity also offered mutual security to

6175-494: The first time, missionaries, artists, and curious travellers came to Edmonton to visit, sometimes for extended periods. This frustrated Rowand to some degree. Prior to this time, the only Europeans to come that far into the west were men on some sort of company business. With Rowand making Edmonton his home, the fort became an important centre in the west. It was a necessity for any traveller going any further west of Edmonton to go through there for provisions first. Rowand constructed

6270-750: The five former urban municipalities annexed by the city over its history: Beverly, Jasper Place, North Edmonton, Strathcona and West Edmonton (Calder). Larger residential areas within Edmonton's six suburban sectors, each comprising multiple neighbourhoods, include Heritage Valley , Kaskitayo , Riverbend , Terwillegar Heights and Windermere (southwest sector); The Grange , Lewis Farms and West Jasper Place (west sector); Big Lake (northwest sector); Castle Downs , Lake District and The Palisades (north sector); Casselman-Steele Heights , Clareview , Hermitage , Londonderry and Pilot Sound (northeast sector); and Ellerslie , The Meadows , Mill Woods and Southeast Edmonton (southeast sector). Mill Woods

6365-449: The fleeing traders as they were unable to ford the North Saskatchewan due to high spring waters. Th Blackfoot encamped nearby, plundered the wagons and harassed the fort with their muskets. The men in the fort armed themselves and prepared to fight. But the fort was not attacked in force. Chief Factor William J. Christie ordered the Bay men not to go out to attack the Blackfoot, apprehensive that to do so would invite further violence against

6460-430: The former Methodist chapel, a discovery which distressed Woolsey. Conflicts and private frustrations with Catholic missionaries, and failures to convert Catholics to Protestantism, marked Woolsey's twelve-year residence at the fort. In 1854, the mission St. Joachim was officially founded in turn at Fort-des-Praires (Fort Edmonton). Though somewhat distant from the territory in question, Fort Edmonton, an important stop on

6555-465: The late 1820s, a new fort was built on the terrace above the riverflats in 1830. This fifth and final fort stood for 85 years, though its use as a fur trading post was phased out starting in 1891. During its final years, the Fort co-existed with the Alberta Legislature Building . The Legislative Building opened in 1913 on a terrace just north of the fort on the site of "Rowand's Folly", the large house built for Chief Factor John Rowand ... At this time,

6650-406: The location's proximity to the Beaver Hills east of Edmonton. In Blackfoot , the area is known as Omahkoyis ; in Nakota Sioux , the area is known as Titâga ; in Tsuutʼina , the area is known as Nââsʔágháàchú (anglicised as Nasagachoo ). The Blackfoot name translates to 'big lodge', while the Nakota Sioux and Tsuutʼina names translate to 'big house'. In Denesuline , the area

6745-437: The longest growing seasons on the Canadian Prairies . At the summer solstice , Edmonton receives 17 hours and three minutes of daylight, with an hour and 46 minutes of civil twilight , and on average receives 2,344 hours of bright sunshine per year, making it one of Canada's sunniest cities. The city is known for having cold winters, though its weather is milder than Regina , Saskatoon or Winnipeg , all of which are on

6840-508: The most spoken Indigenous language in the region during the 19th century. In the late 18th century, the HBC, established in 1670, was in fierce competition with the NWC for the trade of animal furs in Rupert's Land . As one company established a fur trading post, the other would counter by building its post in close proximity or even farther upstream. Expansion up the Saskatchewan River

6935-538: The mouth of White Earth Creek, 100 km northeast of modern Edmonton at the northernmost point of the North Saskatchewan near present-day Smoky Lake, Alberta . The place is also known as Fort White Earth, or Terre Blanche. This is located in Township 58-16-W4. This location was only active for two years for two main reasons: the Cree had been encouraged to visit other posts to avoid violent confrontations with

7030-467: The name appears in the Domesday Book of 1086. Fort Edmonton was also called Fort-des-Prairies by French-Canadians , trappers , and coureurs des bois . Indigenous languages refer to the Edmonton area by multiple names which reference the presence of fur trading posts. In Cree , the area is known as ᐊᒥᐢᑿᒌᐚᐢᑲᐦᐃᑲᐣ amiskwacîwâskahikan , which translates to "Beaver Hills House" and references

7125-460: The nickname "Canada's Festival City". It is home to Canada's largest mall, West Edmonton Mall (the world's largest mall from 1981 until 2004); and Fort Edmonton Park , Canada's largest living history museum. Established as the first permanent settlement in the area of what is now Edmonton, the Hudson's Bay Company trading post of Fort Edmonton (also known as Edmonton House) was named after Edmonton , Middlesex , England. The fort's name

7220-516: The north banks of the North Saskatchewan River in what is now central Alberta , Canada. It was one of the last points on the Carlton Trail , the main overland route for Metis freighters between the Red River Colony and the points west and was an important stop on the York Factory Express route between London , via Hudson Bay , and Fort Vancouver in the Columbia District . It also was

7315-500: The old fort's timbers to create a heritage site elsewhere in the city, but it never did. A few were saved and still possibly exist in city museums or in Rowand House, but most were said to be accidentally burned in a Boy Scout jamboree in May 1937. In 1923 the suspected site of the original Forts Augustus and Edmonton at Fort Saskatchewan was declared a National Historic Site of Canada, and

7410-432: The presence of ministers in his fort was a distraction for the natives, and was ostensibly impeding the fur trade business. On a personal level, however, Rowand had taken a liking to Rundle, and entrusted the minister with teaching his children. Father Pierre-Jean De Smet spent the winter of 1845-46 at Fort Edmonton having traveled and explored from Oregon Country to meet the natives of the Rocky Mountains . In 1852,

7505-553: The region have led to intermunicipal competition, strained intermunicipal relationships and overall fragmentation of the region. Although several attempts have been made by the City of Edmonton to absorb surrounding municipalities or annex portions of its neighbours, the city has not absorbed another municipality since the Town of Jasper Place joined Edmonton on August 17, 1964, and the city has not annexed land from any of its neighbours since January 1, 1982. After years of mounting pressure in

7600-632: The south side of the North Saskatchewan River. Edmonton was incorporated as a city in 1904 and became Alberta's capital in 1905. In 1904, the City of Edmonton purchased the Edmonton District Telephone Company for $ 17,000 from Alex Taylor , a Canadian entrepreneur, inventor, and politician. Amalgamated into a city department as City of Edmonton Telephone Department, City Telephone System (CTS), 'Edmonton telephones'. In 1989, City Council voted to create Edmonton Telephones Corporation (Ed Tel) to operate as an autonomous organization under

7695-633: The surrounding area. Larger urban communities include Sherwood Park (an urban service area within Strathcona County ), the cities of St. Albert , Beaumont , Leduc , Spruce Grove and Fort Saskatchewan , and the towns of Stony Plain , Morinville , and Devon . Major employment areas outside Edmonton but within the CMA include the Nisku Industrial Business Park and the Edmonton International Airport (including

7790-498: The threat of violence due to a war between the Blackfoot and Cree, resulting from the slaying of Cree Chief Maskipiton . A group of the Blackfoot approaching the fort from the south caught some traders with wagons of goods on the south bank, in today's Walterdale neighbourhood of Edmonton. The traders escaped by ferry but had to leave their wagons behind. The ferry was not sent back to the Blackfoot and they were not able to give chase to

7885-458: The two. The area that later became the city of Edmonton was first inhabited by First Nations peoples and was also a historic site for the Métis . By 1795, many trading posts had been established around the area that later became the Edmonton census metropolitan area. "Fort Edmonton", as it was known, became the main centre for trade in the area after the 1821 merger of the Hudson's Bay Company and

7980-437: The winter. The highest temperature recorded in Edmonton was 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) on June 29, 1937 and on July 2, 2013, a record high humidex of 44 was recorded due to an unusually humid day with a temperature of 33.9 °C (93.0 °F) and a record high dew point of 23 °C (73 °F). The lowest temperature ever recorded in Edmonton was −49.4 °C (−56.9 °F) on January 19 and 21, 1886. Edmonton has

8075-489: The year. It falls into the NRC 4a Plant Hardiness Zone . Summer in Edmonton lasts from June until early September, while winter lasts from November until March and in common with all of Alberta varies greatly in length and severity. Spring and autumn are both short and highly variable. Edmonton's growing season on average lasts from May 9 to September 22; having an average 135–140 frost-free days each year, resulting in one of

8170-530: The years immediately succeeding that move, the two furtrading companies, the HBC and the NWC, had a strong and violent rivalry, peaking with the Battle of Seven Oaks at Winnipeg. Violence broke out at Edmonton in 1826 when fort staff fought off an attempt by several Nakoda to steal some of the fort's horses. Six Nakoda were killed and five Bay men wounded in a brisk exchange of gunfire and arrow-flight. Already by that time, horses were being kept at Horse Hill in what

8265-428: Was also a historic site for the Métis , who held many narrow lots along the North Saskatchewan which gave access to resources in the area. By 1882, these lots numbered about 44, after which they were displaced and integrated into the expanding city of Edmonton. In 1754, Anthony Henday , an explorer for the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC), may have been the first European to enter the Edmonton area. His expeditions across

8360-406: Was built within "musket-shot range" of the rival NWC's Fort Augustus. Although both forts were initially successful, declines in beaver pelt hauls and firewood stocks forced both HBC and NWC to move their forts upstream. By 1813, after some changes in location, Fort Edmonton was established in the area of what is now Rossdale , beginning Edmonton's start as a permanent population centre. The fort

8455-461: Was chosen by William Tomison , who was in charge of its construction, taking the fort's namesake from the hometown of the Lake family – at least five of whom were influential members of the Hudson's Bay Company between 1696 and 1807. In turn, the name of Edmonton derives from Adelmetone, meaning 'farmstead/estate of Ēadhelm' (from Ēadhelm, an Old English personal name, and tūn ); this earlier form of

8550-465: Was heated in the 1790s. Coordinates: 53°46′5″N 113°10′19″W  /  53.76806°N 113.17194°W  / 53.76806; -113.17194 In the summer of 1795, the North West Company constructed Fort Augustus where the Sturgeon River meets the North Saskatchewan River , just north of the present-day city of Fort Saskatchewan , approximately 35 kilometres (22 mi) northeast of

8645-788: Was known to take part in hunting expeditions. The couple lived in Fort Augustus from 1807 to 1811. John Rowand , the Chief Factor at Fort Edmonton from 1823 to 1854, first worked at Fort Augustus from 1804 to 1806; he was stationed there again from 1808 onward. Evidence of this Fort Edmonton was found in 2012, when crews were excavating under a demolished machine shop at the Rossdale Power Plant . Coordinates: 54°3′40.88243″N 112°16′11.9″W  /  54.0613562306°N 112.269972°W  / 54.0613562306; -112.269972 Both Fort Augustus and Fort Edmonton moved to

8740-539: Was later exhumed and buried in Montreal as per his last will and testament. Following a few short-lived administrations in Rowand's wake, William J. Christie was a long-lasting chief factor at Edmonton from 1858 to 1872. Christie's protégé Richard Charles Hardisty , later a Canadian Senator , served as chief factor in Edmonton for an interim period from 1862 through 1864. The Hudson's Bay Company relinquished Rupert's Land to

8835-592: Was located on the border of territory that was disputed by the Blackfoot and Cree nations. Furthermore, the fort intersected territory patrolled by the Blackfoot Confederacy to the South, and the Cree, Dene , and Nakoda nations to the north. After the NWC merged with the HBC, Fort Augustus was closed in favour of Fort Edmonton. In 1876, Treaty 6 , which includes what is now Edmonton, was signed between First Nations and

8930-407: Was paired with a Fort Augustus of the North West Company (NWC). Sometimes other fur companies also built forts nearby as well. The fifth and final Fort Edmonton, 1830–1914, was the one that evolved into present-day Edmonton . Fort Edmonton was also called Fort-des-Prairies , by French-Canadians trappers and coureurs des bois , and amiskwaskahegan or " Beaver Hills House" in Cree ,

9025-551: Was particularly warm for Edmonton, as temperatures reached 29 °C (84 °F) or higher more than 20 times from mid-May to early September. Later, the summer of 2021 saw the temperature rise above 29 °C (84 °F) on 23 days between June and August, while nearly breaking the record high temperature on June 30 with a temperature of 37.0 °C (98.6 °F). The winter of 2011–12 was particularly warm: from December 22 through March 20 there were 53 occasions when Edmonton saw temperatures at or above 0.0 °C (32.0 °F) at

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