34-484: Sarpsborg ( pronounced [ˈsɑ̀ʂbɔr] or [ˈsɑ̀rpsbɔrɡ] ), historically Borg , is a city and municipality in Østfold county , Norway . The administrative centre of the municipality is the city of Sarpsborg. Sarpsborg is part of the fifth largest urban area in Norway when paired with neighbouring Fredrikstad . As of 1 January 2018, according to Statistics Norway these two municipalities have
68-408: A bykommune (urban municipality) or herredskommune (rural municipality). This distinction was rescinded by The Local Government Act of 1992. Between 1960 and 1965 many Norwegian municipalities were merged. For instance when the urban municipality Brevik merged with the urban municipality Porsgrunn and the rural municipality Eidanger , the new municipality was called Porsgrunn and it kept
102-457: A calcium sulphite based digesting proses which gives high viscosity cellulose with high purity. Bio ethanol and basic chemicals The sugar compounds in wood is used to manufacture bio ethanol . Borregaard also produces caustic soda , hydrochloric acid and bleaching chemicals for captive use and for sale to external customers. Borregaard LignoTech is a supplier of lignin-based binding and dispersing agents ( lignosulphonate ). Lignin
136-606: A humid continental climate (Dfb) or temperate oceanic climate (Cfb), depending on winter threshold used (0 °C (32 °F) as in US or −3 °C (27 °F) as in Europe). The all-time high 33.5 °C (92.3 °F) was recorded in July 2018. The all-time low −26 °C (−15 °F) was set in December 2002. Since the weather station was incepted in 1991, the records may not be representative of
170-451: A town or city –there is no distinction between the two words as there is in English. Historically, the designation of town/city was granted by the king, but since 1996 that authority was given to the local municipal councils for each municipality in Norway. In Norway today, there are 108 towns/cities, but they have no legal authority or powers and they are not an administrative body, it
204-421: A city based on the local manufacturing and refining industry, with only around ten percent employed within the local manufacturing industry, coinciding with Norway's general shift towards a post-industrial society . Despite this, the city is still widely regarded by Norwegians both unofficially and officially, to be an industrial city. Borregaard Industries is, and always has been, the most important industry in
238-519: A longer time frame. The average date for the last overnight freeze (low below 0 °C (32.0 °F)) in spring is 20 April and average date for first freeze in autumn is 22 October giving a frost-free season of 184 days (1981-2010 average). Sarpsborg has several sister cities : List of cities in Norway This is a list of towns and cities in Norway . The Norwegian language word by means
272-502: A municipality number in which the third digit was a zero and rural municipalities were given other numbers. In 1952 the special classifications of for towns/cities (kjøpstad, bergstad, and ladested) were entirely rescinded from the law and replaced by the simple classification of by . Starting on 1 January 1965, the government's focus was moved from the individual towns/cities to their corresponding municipalities. All Norwegian towns/cities and rural municipalities were classified as either
306-416: A municipality of its own. The rural municipalities of Tune, Skjeberg , and Varteig were merged with the city on 1 January 1992. The population is steadily growing, and during the summer of 2005 it reached 50,000 inhabitants. In 2016 the town celebrated its 1,000th anniversary, and the entire year was commemorated by a special programme that encouraged historic preservation within the town. Historically,
340-573: A total population of 136,127 with 55,840 in Sarpsborg and 81,278 in Fredrikstad. Statistics for 2021, say that the city has a population where 19% of the children belong to families that have "low-income in the long-term"; that is the highest level for a city (in Norway); the national level is 11.3%. In Norse times the city was just called Borg (from borg which means " castle "). The background for this
374-502: Is based on a coat of arms dating from 1556 and shows a bear above a castle. The bear was introduced as early as some time in the 13th century, by the earl of Sarpsborg (Comes de Saresburgh) , Alv Erlingsson . He used the bear to symbolise his strength. The castle symbolises the fortress (borg) that gave the city its original name. The city was founded as Borg by the Viking King Olav Haraldsson (Saint Olaf) in 1016. It
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#1732848300453408-430: Is simply a designation. All local government rests with the municipality which may or may not have a town/city located within it. Historically, the words kjøpstad ( market town ), ladested (small seaport), or bergstad were used for a town or city. Each of these were granted certain special rights based on their classification and they did hold administrative authority within their borders. A ladested
442-610: Is the binding agent in wood and is extracted as lignosulphonate during the production of cellulose. The company has production units in Norway , US , Brazil , Germany , and the UK , and joint venture units in South Africa , Spain , and the US . LignoTech's lignin products are used as dispersing agents in concrete , textile dyes, agrochemicals, batteries and ceramic products, or as binding agents in animal feed and briquettes. Lignin products improve
476-422: The city of Oslo , Oslo Municipality , and Oslo County are all one unified unit of government. Borregaard Borregaard is a Norwegian company, established in 1889 in the southeastern town of Sarpsborg in Østfold county. Its main products were traditionally pulp and paper . The company later started producing chemicals based on timber as a raw material. After a takeover in 1986, Borregaard
510-544: The city status was awarded by the king and Government through the Ministry of Local Government and Regional Development . Since then, the status of town/city is decided by each municipal council and then it is formally accepted by the state. Since 1997, a municipality must have a minimum of 5,000 inhabitants in order to declare city status for one of its settlements. In 1999, the municipal council of Bardu Municipality declared city status for Setermoen , only to be rejected because
544-530: The top division in a play-off game in Fredrikstad stadion . Sarpsborg 08 has a women's football team that was promoted to the women's Division 1 at the end of 2011, at the same time as the club's under-19 girls reached the Junior Cup Final. Sarpsborg BK plays in the highest bandy division. Sarpsborg is famous for its two elite leagues teams in floorball, Sarpsborg IBK and Greåker IBK . Sarpsborg has
578-1128: The Borregaard production site in Sarpsborg , Norway. The company also produces diphenols at its plant in Ravenna , Italy. Borregaard manufactures several ingredients based on natural raw materials. Omega-3 oil: Borregaard supplies omega-3 specialty oils designed for use in functional food such as dairy products, juice, sausages and sweets. Vanillin : The company is the only supplier of vanillin produced from wood (lignin). Borregaard also supplies vanillin and ethyl vanillin products based on petrochemical raw materials. Yeast products: Borregaard's plant in Switzerland produces protein-rich torula yeast, based on sugar compounds in wood, for use in food products and selected animal feed products. Borregaard also manufactures various yeast extracts that are used as taste enhancers with good nutritional properties in sauces, soups, baby food, pizza and meat products. In May 2005 there
612-408: The cities of today which got this status before 1996, Tvedestrand with 1,983 inhabitants is the smallest. On another note, the laws of 1996 allowed some settlements which lost their city status in the 1960s to regain it. Oslo , founded in the 11th century, is the largest city and also the capital of Norway. Oslo is the only city in Norway that is consolidated with its municipality and county, thus
646-546: The city. The city is also the home of Borg Bryggerier , part of the Hansa Borg Bryggerier , which is Norway's second largest brewery -group. During the 1950s and 1960s, Sarpsborg was famous for its football (soccer) team, Sarpsborg FK , but is now more known for its ice hockey team, Sparta Warriors . In football, Sarpsborg 08 FF has taken over the local throne, currently playing at the highest national level. On 6 November 2009, they sent arch-rival FFK down from
680-411: The end-use properties and strengthen the structure of concrete. Lignin-based products are also used in connection with oil drilling. Borregaard Synthesis provides intermediates for non-ionic X-ray contrast media, and has dedicated plants for this market. The company also supplies advanced intermediates, active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) for several medicines. The production facilities is located at
714-408: The local waterfall. In Norse times Østfold county was called Borgarsýsla which means "the county (sýsla) of Borg" and the law district of southeast Norway was called Borgarþing meaning "the thing /court of Borg". The old name has been revived in the diocese of Borg (1968) and Borgarting Court of Appeal (1995). The coat-of-arms is from modern times and was granted on 13 November 1991. It
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#1732848300453748-574: The municipality fell short of the population limit. One exception is Honningsvåg in Nordkapp Municipality , where the municipality actually has less than 5,000 inhabitants but declared city status before the limit was implemented by law in 1997. Because of the new laws in 1996-1997, Norway witnessed a rapid rise in the number of cities after that time. A number of relatively small settlements are now called by , such as Brekstad with 1,828 inhabitants and Kolvereid with 1,448 inhabitants. Among
782-472: The municipality number for Porsgrunn. As a result, Brevik was no longer considered an urban municipality/town. On another note, when the urban municipality Hønefoss was merged with the rural municipalities Hole , Norderhov , Tyristrand , and Ådal to form the new municipality of Ringerike , Ringerike retained the old municipality number of Hønefoss meaning that it retained its town/city status. The same thing happened to Egersund and Florø . Before 1996,
816-547: The name Orkla, while the chemicals business kept the Borregaard name. On the 18th of October 2012 Borregaard was separated from Orkla and was listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange. Borregaard ChemCell is a producer of advanced speciality cellulose based on softwood , Spruce . Borregaards has a Cellulose plant in Sarpsborg , Norway. 2002 brought Borregaard an additional ChemCell plant in Solothurn , Switzerland. This plant
850-505: The sawmill and timber shipping industry has been Sarpsborg's most important sources of income, however since the industrialisation in Norway, more specifically Sarpsborg and the establishment of local manufacturing businesses during the late 1800s, the biggest being Borregaard , Sarpsborg has changed from its traditional timber-based economy and pre-industrial society to a more manufacturing and refining-based economy and industrial society . In modern times Sarpsborg has moved away from being
884-514: Was a legionellosis outbreak in Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg area. It was confirmed that an air scrubber on Borregaard's plant in Sarpsborg, Norway was the source of the worst legionella epidemic in Norwegian history. The epidemic spread to at least 56 people, of whom ten died. In 2008 there was a new legionellosis outbreak in Fredrikstad/Sarpsborg area. This time it was concluded that
918-423: Was actually 2 towns: Bragernes and Strømsø). All of the ladested places on this list were later upgraded to kjøpstads . During the 1800s, urbanization took hold in Norway and many new towns/cities were added. The special trading rights for towns/cities were abolished in 1857. In 1946, Norwegian municipalities were each assigned a municipality number , a four-digit codes based on ISO 3166-2:NO . Towns/cities got
952-515: Was burned to the ground by Swedish invaders in 1567 during the Northern Seven Years' War . Half the population was evacuated down the river to what is today known as Fredrikstad, about 15 kilometres (9 mi) downstream. Much of the rebuilt town disappeared into the river Glomma during a 1702 mudslide . Again Borg was rebuilt, and it was recreated as a city in 1839, and separated from Tune as
986-419: Was closed 2008. Customers are manufacturers of cellulose derivatives , such as cellulose ethers and esters, acetate cellulose and micro-crystalline cellulose. Borregaard ChemCell also produces cellulose for textile fibres, plastic products and a variety of paper qualities. Borregaard's plant in Norway was erected in 1891, The Swiss plant, former Atisholz started production as early as 1884. Both plant utilizes
1020-457: Was connected to Borgargjerdi, the royal seat during the reign of Olav the Holy (1016). In 1312 the estate was handed over from the king and became a country estate which changed hands several times until 1889, when British company The Kellner Partington Paper Pulp Co. Ltd. became its owner. This company built a cellulose factory near Sarpsfossen waterfall. In 1918 a holding company called Borregaard
1054-484: Was established in order to transfer the business into Norwegian hands. Until the Second World War Borregaard's main products were cellulose and paper, but then Borregaard started production of various chemical products and activities in other areas. In 1986 Borregaard merged with Orkla Industries into Orkla Borregaard. When Orkla Borregaard then merged with Nora Industries in 1992, the new company took
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1088-656: Was part of the chemical division of the Orkla Group until it was spun off and introduced to the Oslo Stock Exchange in October 2012. It had 1050 employees in 2016. The company's core business is based on a Biorefinery that manufactures products based on the different components in wood. Important products are speciality cellulose , lignin products ( lignosulphonates ), bio ethanol , yeast and yeast extracts and lignin-based vanillin . The company also produces ethyl vanillin, diphenols and fine chemicals . The name "Borregaard"
1122-508: Was subordinate to a kjøpstad and over time some of the ladesteds were "upgraded" to the status of kjøpstad in order to gain more trading rights. In 1665, Norway had 20 towns. There were 9 full market towns ( kjøpstad ): Bergen, Oslo, Trondheim, Tønsberg, Stavanger, Skien, Fredrikstad, Halden, and Kristiansand. There were two mountain towns { bergstad ): Kongsberg and Røros. There were 9 market seaports ( ladested ): Larvik, Moss, Porsgrunn, Molde, Kragerø, Risør, Holmestrand, Mandal, and Drammen (which
1156-495: Was the fortification built by Olav Haraldsson (see History section). Later the genitive case of the name of the waterfall Sarpr ( Sarp Falls ) was added, it's unclear how Sarpsborg received this part of its name, two interpretations are the most prevalent. The first coming from the Icelandic word Sarpr which means birdcage in English. The other interpretation is that Sarpr means "the one who swallows", probably referring to
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