130-455: The Sapper Leader Course is a 28-day United States Army small unit tactics and leadership course that develops soldiers in critical skills and teaches advanced combat engineer techniques needed across the Army. Sapper training began development in 1982, and continued until 1985. The course is broken down into two, two-week phases, General Subjects, and Patrolling. The Sapper Leader course is viewed as
260-598: A status quo antebellum. Two weeks after a treaty was signed (but not ratified), Andrew Jackson defeated the British in the Battle of New Orleans and siege of Fort St. Philip with an army dominated by militia and volunteers, and became a national hero. U.S. troops and sailors captured HMS Cyane , Levant and Penguin in the final engagements of the war. Per the treaty, both sides (the United States and Great Britain) returned to
390-402: A Combined Arms Task Force; to build unit cohesion and increase the confidence of the unit’s leadership. This is executed through training from the squad level to the company level. Training is conducted in a team building environment to build leadership skills, learn specialized engineer techniques, and perform battle drills necessary to perform the engineer missions of a Sapper Company. The course
520-412: A GO on all required events listed above. An initial NO-GO in a required event does not mean immediate dismissal. Students who earn less than the required number of points or fail a required training event still receive a certificate of competition for the course. Students have the opportunity to retake written exams, the 12 mile road march, and the land navigation course, and successful retests can earn them
650-634: A few months. The war remains the deadliest conflict in U.S. history, resulting in the deaths of 620,000 men on both sides. Based on 1860 census figures, 8% of all white males aged 13 to 43 died in the war, including 6.4% in the North and 18% in the South . Following the Civil War, the U.S. Army had the mission of containing western tribes of Native Americans on the Indian reservations . They set up many forts, and engaged in
780-483: A functional area. However, officers continue to wear the branch insignia of their former branch in most cases, as functional areas do not generally have discrete insignia. Some branches, such as Special Forces , operate similarly to functional areas in that individuals may not join their ranks until having served in another Army branch. Careers in the Army can extend into cross-functional areas for officers, warrant officers, enlisted, and civilian personnel. Before 1933,
910-512: A landing zone. This phase lasts for 15 days. It includes basic patrolling techniques and battle drills that place strong emphasis on troop-leading procedures, battle drills, planning for operations, and small-unit operations. It incorporates the technical skills learned in GS into a tactical environment. Training includes: This phase begins with 3 days of classroom instruction, which focuses on troop-leading procedures, patrolling fundamentals, and applying
1040-690: A month – known as battle assemblies or unit training assemblies (UTAs) – and conduct two to three weeks of annual training each year. Both the Regular Army and the Army Reserve are organized under Title 10 of the United States Code , while the National Guard is organized under Title 32 . While the Army National Guard is organized, trained, and equipped as a component of the U.S. Army, when it
1170-487: A new Army Command (ACOM) in 2018. The Army Futures Command (AFC), is a peer of FORSCOM, TRADOC, and AMC, the other ACOMs. AFC's mission is modernization reform: to design hardware, as well as to work within the acquisition process which defines materiel for AMC. TRADOC's mission is to define the architecture and organization of the Army, and to train and supply soldiers to FORSCOM. AFC's cross-functional teams (CFTs) are Futures Command's vehicle for sustainable reform of
1300-510: A new logo, maintaining a refreshed version of the previous globe and D monogram. The new branding is accompanied by another new imaging campaign, "The World is Ours", which features scenes of Discovery personalities singing the Blue Swede version of " Hooked on a Feeling ". The static version of the globe icon uses a non-standard projection that shows all continents, reflecting Discovery's presence as an international brand. Discovery en Español
1430-406: A number of countries, Discovery's channels are available on digital satellite platforms with multiple language soundtracks or subtitles including Spanish, German, Russian, Czech , Hindi , Tamil , Telugu , Bengali , Dutch , Portuguese, Italian, Norwegian, Swedish, Danish, Finnish, Turkish , Greek, Polish , Hungarian, Romanian , Arabic, Slovene , Japanese, Korean and Serbian . In 2011,
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#17328582860471560-472: A predominantly combat support role. The army converted to an all-volunteer force with greater emphasis on training to specific performance standards driven by the reforms of General William E. DePuy , the first commander of United States Army Training and Doctrine Command . Following the Camp David Accords that was signed by Egypt, Israel that was brokered by president Jimmy Carter in 1978, as part of
1690-530: A publicly traded company run by CEO David Zaslav . As of June 2012 , Discovery Channel was the third most widely distributed subscription channel in the United States, behind now-sibling channel TBS and The Weather Channel ; it is available in 409 million households worldwide, through its U.S. flagship channel and its various owned or licensed television channels internationally. It initially provided documentary television programming focused primarily on popular science , technology, and history, but by
1820-613: A role in the invasions of Grenada in 1983 ( Operation Urgent Fury ) and Panama in 1989 ( Operation Just Cause ). By 1989 Germany was nearing reunification and the Cold War was coming to a close. Army leadership reacted by starting to plan for a reduction in strength. By November 1989 Pentagon briefers were laying out plans to reduce army end strength by 23%, from 750,000 to 580,000. A number of incentives such as early retirement were used. In 1990, Iraq invaded its smaller neighbor, Kuwait , and U.S. land forces quickly deployed to assure
1950-467: A separate Tamil -language channel was launched. In Bulgaria , Discovery has, since 2000–2001, displayed Bulgarian subtitles by all cable providers and since 2010 – with Bulgarian dubbing for some shows. In Australia, the Discovery Channel is part of a six-channel package (not including timeshifts) on digital subscription television, available on Foxtel , Optus TV and AUSTAR . In New Zealand,
2080-705: A strategy of seizing the coastline, blockading the ports, and taking control of the river systems. By 1863, the Confederacy was being strangled. Its eastern armies fought well, but the western armies were defeated one after another until the Union forces captured New Orleans in 1862 along with the Tennessee River. In the Vicksburg Campaign of 1862–1863, General Ulysses Grant seized the Mississippi River and cut off
2210-624: A variety of missions in a realistic scenario. Students are graded on their ability to apply the principles of patrolling to accomplish the mission. Missions conducted during the STX/FTX are a mix of engineer and infantry missions with a focus on the Engineer tasks (MOB/CMOB/SURV) required to accomplish the mission. Engineer specific missions include: bridge reconnaissance, bridge demolition, road craters, covert complex obstacle breach, urban reconnaissance, and field expedient demolitions. Additionally, as part of
2340-577: A waiver. In June 1999 CDT Micala Hicks, of the United States Military Academy , became the first female service member to graduate from the Sapper Leader Course. At the time of her graduation, female soldiers were not allowed into combat military occupational specialties, or into courses of similar nature, such as Ranger School . In December 2018, Sergeant Hailey Falk became the first female enlisted graduate. The Combat Engineer MOS
2470-544: Is also available on digital satellite platforms in Czech Republic, Poland and Slovakia (sometimes requiring an additional fee). In Poland, nc+ broadcasts the programs dubbed in Polish and in original English. A few other channels from Discovery are also in offer, like Discovery Historia, launched in cooperation with Polish broadcaster TVN , which later ended. In Spain, the channel shares a schedule and programs with Portugal and
2600-493: Is also designed to build unit cohesion and esprit de corps by training the Soldiers in mobility, counter-mobility, and survivability tasks to include troop leading procedures, demolitions (conventional and expedient), mountaineering operations, aerial operations, airborne operations, foreign weapons, land navigation, waterborne operations, and contingency threat. The course culminates in an intense field training exercise that integrates
2730-673: Is an American pay television channel that was launched as the Spanish-language version of the Discovery Channel. It is operated by the Latin American division of Warner Bros. Discovery International in Miami, Florida . As of February 2015, approximately 6,476,000 American households (5.6% of households with television) receive Discovery en Español. Discovery Channel reaches 431 million homes in 170 countries. Discovery Communications currently offers 29 network brands in 33 languages. In
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#17328582860472860-546: Is available on most satellite and cable platforms, making it possible to broadcast both in Spanish and Portuguese. In Spain, all programs are dubbed; whereas in Portugal, most of them are subtitled. In addition, Portugal has three Discovery-branded channels: Discovery Turbo (focusing on motorsports), Discovery Science (focusing on science and technology) and Discovery Civilization (focusing on historical events). These channels follow
2990-521: Is not in federal service it is under the command of individual state and territorial governors. However, the District of Columbia National Guard reports to the U.S. president, not the district's mayor , even when not federalized. Any or all of the National Guard can be federalized by presidential order and against the governor's wishes. The U.S. Army is led by a civilian secretary of the Army , who has
3120-588: Is one of the eight U.S. uniformed services , and is designated as the Army of the United States in the U.S. Constitution . The Army is the oldest branch of the U.S. military and the most senior in order of precedence. It has its roots in the Continental Army , which was formed on 14 June 1775 to fight against the British for independence during the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783). After
3250-482: Is responsible for knowing his buddy's location and watching out for his or her welfare. Each student will be evaluated a minimum of two times on leadership during patrolling and must receive a "GO" in one of these evaluations. Students are graded through an evaluation system to determine graduation eligibility. It is a combination of points and required training events, some of which are retestable. In order to graduate, students must earn 700 out of 1,000 points and achieve
3380-670: Is that each brigade will be modular, i.e., all brigades of the same type will be exactly the same and thus any brigade can be commanded by any division. As specified before the 2013 end-strength re-definitions, the three major types of brigade combat teams are: In addition, there are combat support and service support modular brigades. Combat support brigades include aviation (CAB) brigades, which will come in heavy and light varieties, fires (artillery) brigades (now transforms to division artillery) and expeditionary military intelligence brigades . Combat service support brigades include sustainment brigades and come in several varieties and serve
3510-547: Is the policy of all Dutch television stations. Some programs and most promotions and program announcements have a Dutch voice-over. In Flanders, the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium, a Flemish Discovery Channel launched (previously the Dutch version was available for IPTV, DVB-C and DVB-S) on cable (and digital) television on October 1, 2009. In Italy, the Discovery Channel (and HD) is distributed via satellite by Sky Italia as part of
3640-603: Is worn on the Army Combat Uniform and Army Green Service Uniform ; a smaller, metal version is worn on the Army Service Uniform . The history of Sappers within the United States Military dates back to 1778, when Congress authorized three companies within the Continental Army to be designated as "Sapper and Miner" companies. Historically, Sappers have assumed the role of combat engineers who advance with
3770-453: The 169th Engineer Battalion , 1st Engineer Brigade , United States Army Engineer School . Those graduating from the Sapper Leader Course are presented with the Sapper Tab , which is worn on the upper shoulder of the left sleeve of a military uniform, according to U.S. Army regulations Wearing the tab is permitted for the remainder of a soldier's military career. The cloth version of the tab
3900-485: The ABC newsmagazine Nightline were joining Discovery Channel. The network was nominated for seven Primetime Emmy Awards that year for shows including The Flight that Fought Back (a documentary about the hijacking of United Airlines Flight 93 during the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001) and Deadliest Catch (a reality series about a group of seafood fishermen). In 2007, Discovery Channel's top series included
4030-923: The Army Strategy 2018 articulated an eight-point addendum to the Army Vision for 2028. While the Army Mission remains constant, the Army Strategy builds upon the Army's Brigade Modernization by adding focus to corps and division -level echelons. The Army Futures Command oversees reforms geared toward conventional warfare . The Army's current reorganization plan is due to be completed by 2028. The Army's five core competencies are prompt and sustained land combat, combined arms operations (to include combined arms maneuver and wide–area security, armored and mechanized operations and airborne and air assault operations ), special operations forces , to set and sustain
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4160-455: The BBC , Allen & Company , and Venture America) raised $ 5 million in start-up capital to launch the network. The Discovery Channel began broadcasting on June 17, 1985. It was initially available to 156,000 households and broadcast for 12 hours each day between 3 p.m. and 3 a.m. About 75 percent of its program content had never been broadcast on U.S. television before. In its early years,
4290-523: The Battle of 73 Easting were tank battles of historical significance. After Operation Desert Storm, the army did not see major combat operations for the remainder of the 1990s but did participate in a number of peacekeeping activities. In 1990 the Department of Defense issued guidance for "rebalancing" after a review of the Total Force Policy, but in 2004, USAF Air War College scholars concluded
4420-651: The Chicago Mercantile Exchange on a 15-minute delay), and Datavizion (offering trivia, strange news stories, games and a satellite TV guide); both services originated from WHA-TV in Madison, Wisconsin , and were run by the University of Wisconsin-Madison . The channel began to shift its focus in the early 2000s to attract a broader audience, by incorporating more reality-based series focusing on automotive, occupations, and speculative investigation series; though
4550-758: The Covid-19 Pandemic . In 2018 the competition was renamed to the Lieutenant General Robert B. Flowers Best Sapper Competition. In 2011, Discovery Channel documentary series Surviving the Cut produced an episode covering the school. The Sapper Leader Course is open to all members of the United States Armed Forces. Sapper students come from units in the United States Army , Marine Corps , Air Force , Navy , Coast Guard , cadets attending
4680-516: The Department of the Army , which is one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense . The U.S. Army is headed by a civilian senior appointed civil servant, the secretary of the Army (SECARMY), and by a chief military officer , the chief of staff of the Army (CSA) who is also a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . It is the largest military branch, and in the fiscal year 2022,
4810-681: The Netherlands and the United Kingdom , until the 1990s in anticipation of a possible Soviet attack. During the Cold War, U.S. troops and their allies fought communist forces in Korea and Vietnam . The Korean War began in June 1950, when the Soviets walked out of a UN Security Council meeting, removing their possible veto. Under a United Nations umbrella, hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops fought to prevent
4940-554: The Republic of Ireland , the UK version of Discovery Channel is available on most cable providers in that country, but with local advertisements. In Germany, Austria and Switzerland, Discovery Channel is part of the Premiere digital network and supplies specific programs to other networks like ZDF and kabel eins . Discovery Communications is also owner of the documentary-channel XXP. The channel
5070-520: The United States Military Academy , and from foreign military services. The two largest groups of attendees for the Sapper Leader Course are from the U.S. Army's Engineer Basic Officer Leadership Course (EBOLC), and enlisted members of Engineer units. Competitions and pre-Sapper courses are typically used to determine attendance. Eligibility requirements are as follows Army-Active, Reserve and National Guard Components: Marine Corps- Active and Reserve Components All other personnel are required to obtain
5200-613: The guerrilla hit and run tactics of the communist Viet Cong and the People's Army Of Vietnam (NVA) . During the 1960s, the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve . In 1967, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in
5330-461: The 2010s had expanded into reality television and pseudo-scientific entertainment. As of November 2023 , Discovery Channel is available to approximately 71,000,000 pay television households in the United States-down from its peak of 99,000,000 in 2011. John Hendricks founded the channel and its parent company, Cable Educational Network Inc., in 1982. Several investors (including
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5460-521: The Army (HQDA): See Structure of the United States Army for a detailed treatment of the history , components , administrative and operational structure and the branches and functional areas of the Army. The U.S. Army is made up of three components: the active component, the Regular Army; and two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. Both reserve components are primarily composed of part-time soldiers who train once
5590-463: The Army National Guard members were considered state militia until they were mobilized into the U.S. Army, typically at the onset of war. Since the 1933 amendment to the National Defense Act of 1916 , all Army National Guard soldiers have held dual status. They serve as National Guardsmen under the authority of the governor of their state or territory and as reserve members of the U.S. Army under
5720-411: The Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to eight divisions (one mechanized infantry, two armored, and five infantry), but increased the number of brigades from seven to 18 (one airborne, one armored, two mechanized infantry and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not sit well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and
5850-580: The Australian version of Discovery is broadcast on SKY Network Television . The Canadian version of Discovery was established in 1995, and is currently owned by a joint venture between Bell Media (via the subsidiary CTV Specialty Television; ESPN Inc. is a minority partner in this subsidiary due its ties to sports channel TSN ) and Discovery Inc. The channel airs similar programming to its U.S. counterpart, but also airs domestically produced programs to comply with local broadcasting regulations (which, in
5980-614: The British were weakest to wear down their forces. Washington led victories against the British at Trenton and Princeton , but lost a series of battles in the New York and New Jersey campaign in 1776 and the Philadelphia campaign in 1777. With a decisive victory at Yorktown and the help of the French, the Continental Army prevailed against the British. After the war, the Continental Army
6110-456: The Canadian province of Upper Canada, British troops who had dubbed the U.S. Army "Regulars, by God!", were able to capture and burn Washington , which was defended by militia, in 1814. The regular army, however, proved they were professional and capable of defeating the British army during the invasions of Plattsburgh and Baltimore , prompting British agreement on the previously rejected terms of
6240-574: The Discovery Channel Airport Stores, and the website remains in operation. Discovery Channel funded the construction of the Lowell Discovery Telescope , in partnership with Lowell Observatory . Discovery.com is the Discovery Channel's official website, which primarily provides information on the channel's programming and additional content, including articles, tied to those shows. The Discovery Channel's first logo
6370-590: The Emmy Award– and Peabody Award–winning Planet Earth , Dirty Jobs , MythBusters , and Deadliest Catch . Discovery Channel's 2008 lineup included Fight Quest and Smash Lab . On September 1, 2010, 43-year-old James Jay Lee entered the Discovery Communications headquarters in Silver Spring, Maryland , armed with a handgun. Lee fired at least one shot and held several employees hostage; he
6500-534: The Middle East and Turkey. Discovery Channel and sibling channels Discovery World , TLC , Investigation Discovery and Animal Planet are available on the DStv/Multichoice platform. In August 2008, it was reported by The Consumerist that Discovery Channel had preempted an episode of MythBusters examining RFID security in regard to its implementation in credit cards before its original broadcast because
6630-545: The National Guard, while all states maintain regulations for state militias . State militias are both "organized", meaning that they are armed forces usually part of the state defense forces, or "unorganized" simply meaning that all able-bodied males may be eligible to be called into military service. The U.S. Army is also divided into several branches and functional areas . Branches include officers, warrant officers, and enlisted Soldiers while functional areas consist of officers who are reclassified from their former branch into
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#17328582860476760-619: The ORC and ERC were combined into the United States Army Reserve . The Army of the United States was re-established for the Korean War and Vietnam War and was demobilized upon the suspension of the draft . Currently, the Army is divided into the Regular Army , the Army Reserve, and the Army National Guard . Some states further maintain state defense forces , as a type of reserve to
6890-518: The Revolutionary War progressed, French aid, resources, and military thinking helped shape the new army. A number of European soldiers came on their own to help, such as Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben , who taught Prussian Army tactics and organizational skills. The Army fought numerous pitched battles, and sometimes used Fabian strategy and hit-and-run tactics in the South in 1780 and 1781; under Major General Nathanael Greene , it hit where
7020-506: The Revolutionary War, the Congress of the Confederation created the United States Army on 3 June 1784 to replace the disbanded Continental Army. The United States Army considers itself a continuation of the Continental Army, and thus considers its institutional inception to be the origin of that armed force in 1775. The U.S. Army is a uniformed service of the United States and is part of
7150-544: The Sapper Command Team to try to prevent a negative DA Form 1059. Any first time Patrolling student that does not achieve a GO rate while in graded positions will become an automatic Patrolling Recycle. They may be recycled by the Sapper Command Team to prevent a negative 1059. United States Army The United States Army ( USA ) is the land service branch of the United States Armed Forces . It
7280-441: The Southwest. Grant took command of Union forces in 1864 and after a series of battles with very heavy casualties, he had General Robert E. Lee under siege in Richmond as General William T. Sherman captured Atlanta and marched through Georgia and the Carolinas . The Confederate capital was abandoned in April 1865 and Lee subsequently surrendered his army at Appomattox Court House. All other Confederate armies surrendered within
7410-593: The United Kingdom, Discovery Channel UK airs some common programs as the U.S. version, including MythBusters , American Chopper , How It's Made and Deadliest Catch . The channel is carried as a basic subscription channel on the SKYdigital satellite service and digital cable provider Virgin Media . Discovery UK also operates Discovery HD, Discovery Knowledge, Discovery Turbo, Discovery Science, Animal Planet, DMAX, Discovery Real Time, Discovery Home & Health, Discovery Travel & Leisure and Discovery Shed. Many of these channels also have timeshifted versions. In
7540-482: The United States (the "Union" or "the North") formed the Union Army , consisting of a small body of regular army units and a large body of volunteer units raised from every state, north and south, except South Carolina . For the first two years, Confederate forces did well in set battles but lost control of the border states. The Confederates had the advantage of defending a large territory in an area where disease caused twice as many deaths as combat. The Union pursued
7670-405: The United States Army was maintained as a small peacetime force to man permanent forts and perform other non-wartime duties such as engineering and construction works. During times of war, the U.S. Army was augmented by the much larger United States Volunteers which were raised independently by various state governments. States also maintained full-time militias which could also be called into
7800-423: The acquisition process for the future. In order to support the Army's modernization priorities, its FY2020 budget allocated $ 30 billion for the top six modernization priorities over the next five years. The $ 30 billion came from $ 8 billion in cost avoidance and $ 22 billion in terminations. The task of organizing the U.S. Army commenced in 1775. In the first one hundred years of its existence,
7930-491: The agreement, both the United States and Egypt agreed that there would be a joint military training led by both countries that would usually take place every 2 years, that exercise is known as Exercise Bright Star . The 1980s was mostly a decade of reorganization. The Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986 created unified combatant commands bringing the army together with the other four military services under unified, geographically organized command structures. The army also played
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#17328582860478060-474: The army began acquiring fixed-wing aircraft . In 1910, during the Mexican Revolution , the army was deployed to U.S. towns near the border to ensure the safety of lives and property. In 1916, Pancho Villa , a major rebel leader, attacked Columbus, New Mexico , prompting a U.S. intervention in Mexico until 7 February 1917. They fought the rebels and the Mexican federal troops until 1918. The United States joined World War I as an "Associated Power" in 1917 on
8190-452: The authority of the president, in the Army National Guard of the United States. Since the adoption of the total force policy, in the aftermath of the Vietnam War, reserve component soldiers have taken a more active role in U.S. military operations. For example, Reserve and Guard units took part in the Gulf War , peacekeeping in Kosovo , Afghanistan, and the 2003 invasion of Iraq . [REDACTED] Headquarters, United States Department of
8320-439: The building, as part of the September 11 attacks . In response to the 11 September attacks and as part of the Global War on Terror , U.S. and NATO forces invaded Afghanistan in October 2001, displacing the Taliban government. The U.S. Army also led the combined U.S. and allied invasion of Iraq in 2003; it served as the primary source for ground forces with its ability to sustain short and long-term deployment operations. In
8450-487: The campaign was intended to "showcase our earned place in the greater pop culture landscape". In August 2013 (coinciding with Shark Week ), the aforementioned monogram became the main on-air logo as part of a new imaging campaign, "Grab Life By the Globe", which was designed to emphasize the channel's current focus on personality-driven programming. The logo was portrayed in promos with visual effects relevant to their respective program. On April 1, 2019, Discovery unveiled
8580-438: The channel is Shark Week , which airs on Discovery during the summer months. Discovery has also featured documentaries specifically aimed at families and younger audiences. Other popular programs have included How It's Made , Cash Cab , and Man vs. Wild . Shortly before the 2004 Tour de France , Discovery Channel announced it would become the primary sponsor of a professional bicycling team starting in 2005, featuring
8710-476: The channel's focus centered on educational programming in the form of cultural and wildlife documentaries, and science and historical specials . It also broadcast some Soviet programming during this time, including the news program Vremya . The channel also carried two teletext services over its VBI during this time, Infotext (offering news from the Associated Press , as well as information about agribusiness and agriculture, including commodity prices from
8840-466: The combatant commanders for use as directed by the secretary of defense. By 2013, the army shifted to six geographical commands that align with the six geographical unified combatant commands (CCMD): The army also transformed its base unit from divisions to brigades . Division lineage will be retained, but the divisional headquarters will be able to command any brigade, not just brigades that carry their divisional lineage. The central part of this plan
8970-540: The course and further training is organized into two phases: General Subjects, and Patrolling This phase lasts 13 days and covers the following training: Since students do not have to be combat engineers to attend the course, emphasis is placed on demolitions to ensure all students have a working knowledge. Calculations and placements are taught using sample problems, as well as two days at a range making field-expedient demolitions from materials that students may be limited to in real world situations. Similar to Ranger School,
9100-430: The course covers mountain operations. All students are taught common knots used in mountaineering and graded on properly tying these. They apply this knowledge to practical exercises, using a rappel tower, and cliffsides. Students are also given an introductory course on air operations, which focuses on landing and pickup zone setup as well as Air Assault and Airborne operations. They are then tasked to guide an aircraft into
9230-414: The course was divided into four phases: the confidence phase, the engineering phase, the battle drill phase, and the STX phase. In 1986, the Sapper Leader Course executed a Mobile Training Team Class at Fort AP Hill, Virginia. This class was primarily for members of the 229th Engineer Battalion of the Virginia Army National Guard . Retired Lieutenant General David E. Grange Jr. was the guest speaker for
9360-557: The course, known as Day 0, all Sapper students must complete the Sapper Physical Fitness Test. This three event test is graded IAW current Army Combat Fitness Test guidelines, and consists of the following events: All students unable to complete the Sapper Physical Fitness Test will not be admitted further into the course. In the FY 22, this accounted for 18% of all drops from the course. Following this, students are admitted into
9490-526: The cultural heritages of Malaysia , mistakenly featured Balinese Pendet dancers . This prompted outrage from Balinese dancers, who posted messages demanding that Malaysia apologize over the misinformation, which then sparked a series of street protests. Further demands were made from the local governments, cultural historians and the tourism ministry in Indonesia for Malaysia to clarify the situation. The Malaysian government reportedly offered an apology, which
9620-441: The documentary pack. In addition, Italy has four Discovery-branded channels: Discovery Science, Discovery Real Time, Discovery Animal Planet and Discovery Travel and Living. In Bulgaria , Czech Republic , Croatia , Hungary , Poland , Romania , Slovakia , Serbia and Slovenia , Discovery Channel is carried by most cable television and IPTV providers with all the content subtitled in the respective languages. Additionally, it
9750-622: The end of FY2017. From 2016 to 2017, the Army retired hundreds of OH-58 Kiowa Warrior observation helicopters, while retaining its Apache gunships. The 2015 expenditure for Army research, development and acquisition changed from $ 32 billion projected in 2012 for FY15 to $ 21 billion for FY15 expected in 2014. By 2017, a task force was formed to address Army modernization, which triggered shifts of units: CCDC , and ARCIC , from within Army Materiel Command (AMC), and Army Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC), respectively, to
9880-439: The end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. However, no reduction in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968. The Total Force Policy
10010-543: The engineer equivalent to the US Army Ranger School , a school traditionally associated with and attended primarily by light infantry soldiers. The Sapper Leader Course is open to U.S. military personnel from the Army , Marine Corps , Navy , Air Force , and Space Force , as well as selected students from other nations allied with the United States. The course is conducted at Fort Leonard Wood, Missouri; organized under
10140-454: The episode would upset credit card companies, who are major advertisers on Discovery Channel. It was later determined that the decision not to investigate the issue was made by Beyond Productions , the MythBusters production company, and was not made by Discovery Channel or their advertising department. An ad promoting Enigmatic Malaysia , a special series on the network meant to highlight
10270-476: The field training exercise, students are taught how to catch, kill, clean, and cook their own meal in the wilderness by catching small game. In addition to completing the two phases of training, the following events are considered prerequisite for graduation. They are graded on a GO/NO criteria. The normal training day is from 0500 to 2200 hours, seven days a week. The final phase are continuous 24 hour simulated combat operations. The Sapper Leader Course develops
10400-567: The following years, the mission changed from conflict between regular militaries to counterinsurgency , resulting in the deaths of more than 4,000 U.S. service members (as of March 2008) and injuries to thousands more. 23,813 insurgents were killed in Iraq between 2003 and 2011. Until 2009, the army's chief modernization plan, its most ambitious since World War II, was the Future Combat Systems program. In 2009, many systems were canceled, and
10530-569: The forces that landed in French North Africa and took Tunisia and then moved on to Sicily and later fought in Italy . In the June 1944 landings in northern France and in the subsequent liberation of Europe and defeat of Nazi Germany , millions of U.S. Army troops played a central role. In 1947, the number of soldiers in the US Army had decreased from eight million in 1945 to 684,000 soldiers and
10660-504: The front-line infantry. They played a pivotal role in securing Omaha Beach during D-Day , clearing beach obstacles and allow American Forces to advance. In 1982, design had begun upon what would become the Sapper Leader Course. It lasted until May 1985, when the validation class was conducted. On June 14, 1985, the first 18 Sapper Leaders graduated. The initial course cadre consisted of soldiers with combat engineer, infantry, and special forces military occupational specialties. At this time,
10790-420: The full range of military operations and the spectrum of conflict, in support of combatant commanders ". The branch participates in conflicts worldwide and is the major ground-based offensive and defensive force of the United States of America. The United States Army serves as the land-based branch of the U.S. Armed Forces . Section 7062 of Title 10, U.S. Code defines the purpose of the army as: In 2018,
10920-661: The geographical status quo. Both navies kept the warships they had seized during the conflict. The army's major campaign against the Indians was fought in Florida against Seminoles . It took long wars (1818–1858) to finally defeat the Seminoles and move them to Oklahoma. The usual strategy in Indian wars was to seize control of the Indians' winter food supply, but that was no use in Florida where there
11050-713: The graduation. During the Course's design an accouterment was suggested for Graduates, in the form of a badge much like the Airborne or Air Assault Badge . The idea was dropped due to it being a unit course. The idea gained traction again in late 1987 with the help of LTG Grange's letter to the Secretary of the Army in August 1987. The idea stayed stagnant for several years until the course completed full accreditation by Training and Doctrine Command. In 2004 Lieutenant General Robert B. Flowers , at
11180-466: The guidance would reverse the Total Force Policy which is an "essential ingredient to the successful application of military force". On 11 September 2001, 53 Army civilians (47 employees and six contractors) and 22 soldiers were among the 125 victims killed in the Pentagon in a terrorist attack when American Airlines Flight 77 commandeered by five Al-Qaeda hijackers slammed into the western side of
11310-450: The internal market, interrupted its carriage of Discovery Communications channels, including Discovery Channel. The CEO of Discovery Communications Mark Hollinger sent an open letter in his attempt to counteract the action of RCS&RDS, attracting the attention to the negation of the alleged right of the viewer to choose the viewed channels. In turn, RCS&RDS issued a press statement accusing of hypocrisy Hollinger's discourse attentive at
11440-469: The knowledge covered in the general subjects phase. During this phase, sleep and food deprivation occur. Many nights, students get as little as thirty minutes of sleep, with the possibility of no sleep depending on student performance. The final 10 days of the course consist of a continuous field training exercise. Student leadership is rotated during different phases of the mission which requires students to perform in simulated combat situations to accomplish
11570-746: The last of the American Indian Wars . U.S. Army troops also occupied several Southern states during the Reconstruction Era to protect freedmen . The key battles of the Spanish–American War of 1898 were fought by the Navy. Using mostly new volunteers , the U.S. forces defeated Spain in land campaigns in Cuba and played the central role in the Philippine–American War . Starting in 1910,
11700-418: The leadership skills of the students by requiring them to perform effectively as small unit leaders in an austere and realistic tactical environment. During the first phase, the leadership positions are rotated daily. During Phase II, the leadership positions are rotated daily and after each mission. Throughout the course, the "buddy system" is used to instill a spirit of teamwork and cooperation. Each student
11830-464: The main Discovery Channel, including Discovery Turbo, Discovery Science, Discovery Home & Health and Discovery Travel & Living . The Philippines has its own semifeed derived from the Southeast Asian channel, in which offers regional variations with local advertisements during the commercial breaks. In South Africa, Discovery Channel shares a schedule and programming with all of Africa,
11960-552: The needs of viewers and attracted attention to the fact that, during negotiations, the main preoccupations of the Discovery representatives was maintaining as high as possible tariffs and monetary gains". After four years of absence, on December 30, 2016, the Discovery Channel and its sister channel TLC returned to the RCS&;RDS CATV, IPTV and DTH networks. Eaten Alive was a television program in which wildlife filmmaker Paul Rosolie
12090-458: The past, included the daily science newsmagazine Daily Planet cancelled in 2018). Some of its original series (such as, most prominently, How It's Made ) have been picked up in the U.S. by Discovery's sister networks (such as Science Channel ), but others have not necessarily aired on Discovery's networks. Since 2018, the channel has increasingly aired blocks of fiction programming with science- or technology-oriented themes. Discovery Channel
12220-418: The projected end strength for the Regular Army (USA) was 480,893 soldiers; the Army National Guard (ARNG) had 336,129 soldiers and the U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) had 188,703 soldiers; the combined-component strength of the U.S. Army was 1,005,725 soldiers. As a branch of the armed forces, the mission of the U.S. Army is "to fight and win our Nation's wars, by providing prompt, sustained land dominance, across
12350-535: The protection of Saudi Arabia . In January 1991 Operation Desert Storm commenced, a U.S.-led coalition which deployed over 500,000 troops, the bulk of them from U.S. Army formations, to drive out Iraqi forces . The campaign ended in total victory, as Western coalition forces routed the Iraqi Army . Some of the largest tank battles in history were fought during the Gulf war. The Battle of Medina Ridge , Battle of Norfolk and
12480-609: The refocused programming strategy proved popular, Discovery Channel's ratings began to decline by the middle of the decade. Some critics said such shows strayed from Discovery's intention of providing more educationally based shows aimed at helping viewers learn about the world around them. In 2005, Discovery changed its programming focus to include more popular science and historical themes. The network's ratings eventually recovered in 2006. On January 4, 2006, Discovery Communications announced that anchor Ted Koppel , executive producer Tom Bettag, and eight other former staff members from
12610-663: The remaining were swept into the BCT modernization program . By 2017, the Brigade Modernization project was completed and its headquarters, the Brigade Modernization Command, was renamed the Joint Modernization Command, or JMC. In response to Budget sequestration in 2013 , Army plans were to shrink to 1940 levels, although actual Active-Army end-strengths were projected to fall to some 450,000 troops by
12740-437: The right to graduate. As of April 2016, the course implemented policy that all recycle eligible students will automatically be recycled into the next Sapper Leader Course class. Any first time General Subjects student who earns less than 700 points, fails both opportunities to pass land navigation, or fails both opportunities to pass any written exam will become an automatic General Subjects Recycle. A student can be recycled by
12870-675: The same model as the original Discovery Channel, except for the absence of advertising. Spanish advertisements are broadcast on the Portuguese feed, non-subtitled or dubbed. In South East Asia , Discovery Channel is available on digital subscription television. Discovery Channel Asia still shows crime programs (such as Most Evil and The FBI Files ). Many programs feature development and society in Asian countries, especially in India and China. Thailand, Malaysia and Singapore have other channels branched from
13000-588: The service chiefs from each of the four military services belonging to the Department of Defense who advise the president of the United States , the secretary of defense and the National Security Council on operational military matters, under the guidance of the chairman and vice chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff . In 1986, the Goldwater–Nichols Act mandated that operational control of
13130-479: The service of the army. By the twentieth century, the U.S. Army had mobilized the U.S. Volunteers on four occasions during each of the major wars of the nineteenth century. During World War I, the " National Army " was organized to fight the conflict, replacing the concept of U.S. Volunteers. It was demobilized at the end of World War I and was replaced by the Regular Army, the Organized Reserve Corps, and
13260-456: The services follows a chain of command from the president to the secretary of defense directly to the unified combatant commanders , who have control of all armed forces units in their geographic or function area of responsibility, thus the secretaries of the military departments (and their respective service chiefs underneath them) only have the responsibility to organize, train and equip their service components. The army provides trained forces to
13390-521: The side of Britain , France , Russia , Italy and the other Allies . U.S. troops were sent to the Western Front and were involved in the last offensives that ended the war. With the armistice in November 1918, the army once again decreased its forces. In 1939, estimates of the Army's strength ranged between 174,000 and 200,000 soldiers, smaller than that of Portugal 's, which ranked it 17th or 19th in
13520-494: The slogan was changed in the early 2000s to "Entertain Your Brain". In 1995, the channel's name was simplified to "Discovery Channel", dropping "The" from its name. A globe became a permanent part of the logo, and an underline was added to the bottom of the logo On March 31, 2008, Discovery unveiled a new logo, which took effect on-air on April 15, 2008 (coinciding with the fourth season premiere of Deadliest Catch ). The new logo
13650-449: The standard support role in an army. The U.S. Army's conventional combat capability currently consists of 11 active divisions and 1 deployable division headquarters (7th Infantry Division) as well as several independent maneuver units. Discovery Channel Discovery Channel , known as The Discovery Channel from 1985 to 1995, and often referred to as simply Discovery , is an American cable channel owned by Warner Bros. Discovery ,
13780-443: The state militias. In the 1920s and 1930s, the "career" soldiers were known as the " Regular Army " with the "Enlisted Reserve Corps" and "Officer Reserve Corps" augmented to fill vacancies when needed. In 1941, the " Army of the United States " was founded to fight World War II. The Regular Army, Army of the United States, the National Guard, and Officer/Enlisted Reserve Corps (ORC and ERC) existed simultaneously. After World War II,
13910-527: The states of California , Nevada , Utah , Colorado , Arizona , Wyoming and New Mexico . The American Civil War was the costliest war for the U.S. in terms of casualties. After most slave states , located in the southern U.S., formed the Confederate States , the Confederate States Army , led by former U.S. Army officers, mobilized a large fraction of Southern white manpower. Forces of
14040-412: The statutory authority to conduct all the affairs of the army under the authority, direction, and control of the secretary of defense . The chief of staff of the Army , who is the highest-ranked military officer in the army, serves as the principal military adviser and executive agent for the secretary of the Army, i.e., its service chief; and as a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff , a body composed of
14170-572: The takeover of South Korea by North Korea and later to invade the northern nation. After repeated advances and retreats by both sides and the Chinese People's Volunteer Army 's entry into the war, the Korean Armistice Agreement returned the peninsula to the status quo in July 1953. The Vietnam War is often regarded as a low point for the U.S. Army due to the use of drafted personnel ,
14300-400: The technical skills learned throughout the course in a tactical environment. Similar to Ranger School, a course taught by instructors known as Ranger Instructors (RI), the Sapper Leader Course is taught by Sapper Instructors (SI). These instructors use past experience as well as course curriculum to train tactical, physical, leadership and engineering skills. On the first day of attendance at
14430-586: The theater for the joint force, and to integrate national, multinational, and joint power on land. The Continental Army was created on 14 June 1775 by the Second Continental Congress as a unified army for the colonies to fight Great Britain , with George Washington appointed as its commander. The army was initially led by men who had served in the British Army or colonial militias and who brought much of British military heritage with them. As
14560-1018: The then-seven-time Tour de France winner Lance Armstrong , whose wins were voided after he was proven to have cheated via doping. After the 2007 victory with the Spaniard Alberto Contador , Discovery Channel discontinued the cycling sponsorship. The Discovery Channel stores first opened in 1995. By 1997, the chain had 17 US and 1 UK stores. At that time, the chain was building a flagship store in Washington, DC, with three levels themed to various environments—sea and underground, land and outer space, aviation and science—to be opened in February 1998, with another flagship store in San Francisco to be opened in November 1998. On May 17, 2007, Discovery Communications announced it would close its standalone and mall-based stores. Hudson Group will continue to operate
14690-757: The time the Chief of Engineers, was able to gain enough traction to get the accouterment approved by Army Chief of Staff General Peter Schoomaker in the form of the "Sapper Tab". The Sapper Tab was authorized for permanent wear 28 June 2004. In 2005, the US Army Corps of Engineers launched the Inaugural Best Sapper Competition, equivalent to the Best Ranger Competition . The Best Sapper Competition has been conducted annually, except in 2013 and 2014 due to funding complications, and in 2020 due to
14820-687: The total number of active divisions had dropped from 89 to 12. The leaders of the Army saw this demobilization as a success. In the Pacific War , U.S. Army soldiers participated alongside the United States Marine Corps in capturing the Pacific Islands from Japanese control. Following the Axis surrenders in May (Germany) and August (Japan) of 1945, army troops were deployed to Japan and Germany to occupy
14950-1105: The two defeated nations. Two years after World War II, the Army Air Forces separated from the army to become the United States Air Force in September 1947. In 1948, the army was desegregated by order 9981 of President Harry S. Truman . The end of World War II set the stage for the East–West confrontation known as the Cold War . With the outbreak of the Korean War , concerns over the defense of Western Europe rose. Two corps, V and VII , were reactivated under Seventh United States Army in 1950 and U.S. strength in Europe rose from one division to four. Hundreds of thousands of U.S. troops remained stationed in West Germany, with others in Belgium ,
15080-604: The unpopularity of the war with the U.S. public and frustrating restrictions placed on the military by U.S. political leaders. While U.S. forces had been stationed in South Vietnam since 1959, in intelligence and advising/training roles, they were not deployed in large numbers until 1965, after the Gulf of Tonkin Incident . U.S. forces effectively established and maintained control of the "traditional" battlefield, but they struggled to counter
15210-568: The world in size. General George C. Marshall became Army chief of staff in September 1939 and set about expanding and modernizing the Army in preparation for war. The United States joined World War II in December 1941 after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor . Some 11 million Americans were to serve in various Army operations. On the European front , U.S. Army troops formed a significant portion of
15340-643: Was a television screen picturing a map of the world. For two decades, starting in 1987, the channel's logo incorporated the Discovery wordmark rendered in the Aurora Bold Condensed font with a circular shape in front of it. The circle usually took the form of a rising sun, or an animated version of the Vitruvian Man . Discovery Channel's previous slogans had been "Explore Your World" and "There's No Thrill Like Discovery." Keeping with its changing focus away from strictly educational programming toward reality TV,
15470-565: Was adopted by Chief of Staff of the Army General Creighton Abrams in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and involved treating the three components of the army – the Regular Army , the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve as a single force. General Abrams' intertwining of the three components of the army effectively made extended operations impossible without the involvement of both the Army National Guard and Army Reserve in
15600-859: Was at first very small and after General St. Clair's defeat at the Battle of the Wabash, where more than 800 soldiers were killed, the Regular Army was reorganized as the Legion of the United States , established in 1791 and renamed the United States Army in 1796. In 1798, during the Quasi-War with France, the U.S. Congress established a three-year " Provisional Army " of 10,000 men, consisting of twelve regiments of infantry and six troops of light dragoons . In March 1799, Congress created an "Eventual Army" of 30,000 men, including three regiments of cavalry . Both "armies" existed only on paper, but equipment for 3,000 men and horses
15730-517: Was bought in the spring of 2006 from its former shareholders Spiegel TV and "dctp". All programs are dubbed into German. The channel is now known as " DMAX ", presumably to associate the channel with Discovery. In the Netherlands, the Discovery Channel is included on most cable, IPTV and DVB-T providers. Nearly all of the programs are broadcast in their original language, but they are subtitled in Dutch as
15860-494: Was designed by Viewpoint Creative, and integrated Discovery's long-time globe iconography into the "D" lettering of the wordmark, creating a monogram that was usable as a standalone icon. The launch was accompanied by a new advertising campaign, "The World is Just Awesome", which featured scenes of Discovery personalities singing an adapted version of the song "I Love the Mountains". Discovery Channel president John Ford explained that
15990-644: Was later shot dead by police. Lee had published criticisms of the network at Savetheplanetprotest.com. In December 2015, Discovery Communications launched its TV Everywhere service, Discovery Go, which features live and video-on-demand content from Discovery Channel and eight of its sister networks. Programming on the flagship Discovery Channel in the U.S. is primarily focused on reality television series, such as speculative investigation (with shows such as MythBusters , Unsolved History , and Best Evidence ), automobiles, and occupations (such as Dirty Jobs and Deadliest Catch ). A popular annual feature on
16120-657: Was launched in 1995 in India broadcasting originally in English and Hindi. In June 2010, a Bengali audio track was added to the channel as well as a Telugu track in October 21 of that same year. On August 15, 2011, a separate Tamil-language channel was launched with an estimate audience of 10 million households. Discovery recently launched Discovery Plus, a new streaming service for India priced at ₹300 per year, offering content in eight languages— English , Hindi , Tamil , Telugu , Malayalam , Kannada , Bengali and Marathi . In
16250-498: Was no winter. The second strategy was to form alliances with other Indian tribes, but that too was useless because the Seminoles had destroyed all the other Indians when they entered Florida in the late eighteenth century. The U.S. Army fought and won the Mexican–American War (1846–1848), which was a defining event for both countries. The U.S. victory resulted in acquisition of territory that eventually became all or parts of
16380-415: Was not open to female soldiers until 2015, although many wanted to attend the course they did not meet the entrance requirements of the time. 326 females had attended by that date, but only 110 had graduated. The purpose of the course is to train combat engineers in leadership skills, combat engineer and infantry battle drills, and specialized engineer and infantry techniques required to perform as members of
16510-583: Was procured and stored. The War of 1812 , the second and last war between the United States and Great Britain, had mixed results. The U.S. Army did not conquer Canada but it did destroy Native American resistance to expansion in the Old Northwest and stopped two major British invasions in 1814 and 1815. After taking control of Lake Erie in 1813, the U.S. Army seized parts of western Upper Canada, burned York and defeated Tecumseh , which caused his Western Confederacy to collapse. Following U.S. victories in
16640-578: Was purportedly going to be "eaten alive" by an anaconda . It aired on December 7, 2014. When the special aired, the anaconda attacked Rosolie but did not swallow him, as its title had implied, prompting numerous complaints of a bait and switch . In February 2024, a group of US congressmen sent a letter to the CEO of Warner Bros. Discovery criticizing World's Ultimate Frontier , a joint production between Discovery and Chinese state media outlet China Global Television Network (CGTN), for "whitewashing genocide" of
16770-497: Was quickly given land certificates and disbanded in a reflection of the republican distrust of standing armies. State militias became the new nation's sole ground army, except a regiment to guard the Western Frontier and one battery of artillery guarding West Point 's arsenal. However, because of continuing conflict with Native Americans , it was soon considered necessary to field a trained standing army. The Regular Army
16900-526: Was rejected by the Indonesian tourism minister, since the apology was given informally by phone, the Indonesian tourism minister demanded a written apology to make it more accountable. Shark Week , Discovery's annual shark-themed programming block, has been criticized for sensationalism and the promotion of junk science . In November 2012, the Romanian RCS&;RDS , the largest company of its kind on
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