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69-399: From the east, Santiam Pass is approached from the town of Sisters; however, immediately east of Sisters, U. S. Highway 20 and Oregon Route 126, which share the route over the pass, split with Oregon Route 126 going northeast to Redmond and Prineville, Oregon and U. S. Route 20 heading southeast to Bend . While the pass was known by native peoples, the first recorded crossing of the pass

138-451: A female householder with no husband present, and 46.1% were non-families. 31.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.27 and the average family size was 2.87. In the city, the population was 20.3% under the age of 18, 17.3% from 18 to 24, 28.5% from 25 to 44, 21.8% from 45 to 64, and 12.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age

207-471: A fixed-base operator, flies DC-7 aircraft for firefighting efforts. Redmond lies at the intersection of Oregon Route 126 and U.S. Route 97 . The latter runs on an expressway alignment through the city known as the Redmond Parkway . A BNSF main line runs north–south through the city; there are numerous spurs off of the main line which serve industrial rail customers. The closest Amtrak service

276-558: A large semiconductor plant in west Eugene. In late September 2009, Uni-Chem of South Korea announced its intention to purchase the Hynix site for solar cell manufacturing. However, this deal fell through and as of late 2012, is no longer planned. In 2015, semiconductor manufacturer Broadcom purchased the plant with plans to upgrade and reopen it. The company abandoned these plans and put it up for sale in November 2016. Luckey's Club Cigar Store

345-621: A local focus; the city is surrounded by wineries. The most notable fungi here is the truffle; Eugene hosts the annual Oregon Truffle Festival in January. In 2012, the Eugene metro region was dubbed the Silicon Shire for its growing tech industry. According to Eugene's 2017 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the city's top employers are: Eugene has a growing problem with homelessness. The problem has been referenced in popular culture, including in

414-674: A proposed freeway and lobbied for the construction of the Washington Jefferson Park beneath the Washington-Jefferson Street Bridge. Community Councils soon began to form as a result of these efforts. A notable impact of the turn to community-organized politics came with Eugene Local Measure 51 , a ballot measure in 1978 that repealed a gay rights ordinance approved by the Eugene City Council in 1977 that prohibited discrimination by sexual orientation. Eugene

483-915: A secondary campus of George Fox University . Redmond is the home of the Oregon Lightning who play in Arena Football One , a major arena football league. Redmond is the location of the region's only commercial airline service airport, Roberts Field . Air carriers include Avelo Airlines , Alaska Airlines , American Airlines , Delta Air Lines and United Airlines with service operated by their respective regional airline affiliates via code sharing agreements. These carriers provide nonstop service to Burbank , Portland , Seattle , Denver , Salt Lake City , Los Angeles , Las Vegas , Palm Springs , Santa Rosa , San Francisco , San Diego , and Phoenix . The U.S. Forest Service operates an air base and training center for firefighting, and Butler Aircraft,

552-521: Is Amazon Creek , whose headwaters are near Spencer Butte. The creek discharges into the Long Tom River north Fern Ridge Reservoir , maintained for winter flood control by the Army Corps of Engineers . The Eugene Yacht Club hosts a sailing school and sailing regattas at Fern Ridge during summer months. Eugene has 21 neighborhood associations: The River Road and Santa Clara sections, which make up

621-566: Is "A Great City for the Arts and Outdoors". It is also referred to as the "Emerald City" and as " Track Town, USA ". The Nike corporation had its beginnings in Eugene. In July 2022, the city hosted the 18th World Athletics Championship . The first people to settle in the Eugene area were the Kalapuyans , also written Calapooia or Calapooya. They made "seasonal rounds," moving around the countryside to collect and preserve local foods, including acorns,

690-405: Is 40.83 inches (1,040 mm), with the wettest "rain year" being from July 1973 to June 1974 with 75.59 inches (1,920.0 mm) and the driest from July 2000 to June 2001 with 20.40 inches (518.2 mm). Measurements taken by NOAA over the past four decades have indicated a significant decline in average annual precipitation. From 1981 to 2010 inclusive, the reported annual average precipitation

759-433: Is December, with a mean temperature of 40.6 °F (4.8 °C), and there are 52 mornings per year with a low at or below freezing, and 2 afternoons with highs not exceeding the freezing mark. The coldest daytime high of the year averages 32 °F (0 °C), reaching the freezing point. Eugene's average annual temperature is 53.1 °F (11.7 °C), and annual precipitation at 40.83 inches (1,040 mm). Eugene

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828-584: Is a city in Deschutes County , Oregon , United States. The population was 33,274 at the 2020 census , and according to 2023 census estimates, the city is estimated to have a population of 37,009. The city is on the eastern side of Oregon's Cascade Range , in the High Desert in Central Oregon . From Redmond there is access to recreational opportunities. Redmond is a full-service municipality and one of

897-679: Is a prominent landmark south of the city. Mount Pisgah is southeast of Eugene and includes the Mount Pisgah Arboretum and the Howard Buford Recreation Area , a Lane County Park. Eugene is surrounded by foothills and forests to the south, east, and west, while to the north the land levels out into the Willamette Valley and consists of mostly farmland. The Willamette and McKenzie Rivers run through Eugene and its neighboring city, Springfield . Another important stream

966-498: Is also due to the significant amount of winter snow that can moderate the temperatures. Temperatures can, however, still reach the negatives a couple days per year and single digits for a good number of days, usually dry. Santiam Pass's crest location allows for some of the highest snowfall totals in the US to fall onto it and for more summer rainfall than the surrounding lower elevated areas may see as well. Redmond, Oregon Redmond

1035-469: Is also home to Beyond Toxics , a nonprofit environmental justice organization founded in 2000. One hotspot for protest activity since the 1990s has been the Whiteaker district, located in the northwest of downtown Eugene. The Whiteaker is primarily a working-class neighborhood that has become a cultural hub, center of community and activism and home to alternative artists. It saw an increase of activity in

1104-532: Is in the town of Chemult , approximately 75 miles (121 km) to the south; this station is served by the Coast Starlight route. Some of Redmond's landmark desert flora include: Eugene, Oregon Eugene ( / j uː ˈ dʒ iː n / yoo- JEEN ) is a city in and the county seat of Lane County, Oregon , United States. It is located at the southern end of the Willamette Valley , near

1173-487: Is named, arrived in the Willamette Valley in 1846 with 1,200 other settlers that year. Advised by the Kalapuyans to build on high ground to avoid flooding, he erected the first pioneer cabin on south or west slope of what the Kalapuyans called Ya-po-ah. The "isolated hill" is now known as Skinner's Butte . The cabin was used as a trading post and was registered as an official post office on January 8, 1850. At this time

1242-534: Is one of the oldest bars in Oregon. Tad Luckey Sr. purchased it in 1911, making it one of the oldest businesses in Eugene. The "Club Cigar", as it was called in the late 19th century, was for many years a men-only salon. It survived both the Great Depression and Prohibition , partly because Eugene was a " dry town " before the end of Prohibition. The city has over 25 breweries, offers a variety of dining options with

1311-644: Is slightly cooler on average than Portland . Despite being located about 100 miles (160 km) south and at an only slightly higher elevation, Eugene has a more continental climate than Portland, less subject to the maritime air that blows inland from the Pacific Ocean via the Columbia River. Eugene's normal annual mean minimum is 41.9 °F (5.5 °C), compared to 46.2 °F (7.9 °C) in Portland; in August,

1380-535: Is sporadic and rarely accumulates in large amounts: the normal seasonal amount is 4.9 inches (12 cm), but the median is zero. The record snowfall was 41.7 inches (106 cm) of accumulation due to a pineapple express on January 25–29, 1969. Ice storms, like snowfall, are rare, but occur sporadically. The hottest months are July and August, with a normal monthly mean temperature of 67.8 to 67.9 °F (19.9 to 19.9 °C), with an average of 16 days per year reaching 90 °F (32 °C). The coolest month

1449-515: The 2010 census , there were 26,215 people, 9,947 households, and 6,789 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,561.4 inhabitants per square mile (602.9/km ). There were 10,965 housing units at an average density of 653.1 per square mile (252.2/km ). The racial makeup of the city was 89.0% White , 0.4% African American , 1.3% Native American , 0.8% Asian , 0.2% Pacific Islander , 5.4% from other races , and 2.9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 12.5% of

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1518-630: The "French Prairie" community in Northern Marion County but may have extended south to the Eugene area. Having already developed relationships with Native communities through intermarriage and trade, they negotiated for land from the Kalapuyans. By 1828 to 1830 they and their Native wives began year-round occupation of the land, raising crops and tending animals. In this process, the mixed race families began to impact Native access to land, food supply, and traditional materials for trade and religious practices. In July 1830, "intermittent fever" struck

1587-868: The 1990s after many young people drawn to Eugene's political climate relocated there. Animal rights groups have had a heavy presence in the Whiteaker, and several vegan restaurants are located there. According to David Samuels , the Animal Liberation Front and the Earth Liberation Front have had an underground presence in the neighborhood. The neighborhood is home to a number of communal apartment buildings, which are often organized by anarchist or environmentalist groups. Local activists have also produced independent films and started art galleries, community gardens, and independent media outlets. Copwatch , Food Not Bombs , and Critical Mass are also active in

1656-417: The Kalapuyans may have been in Eugene for as long as 10,000 years. In the 1800s their traditional way of life faced significant changes due to devastating epidemics and settlement, first by French fur traders and later by an overwhelming number of American settlers. French fur traders had settled seasonally in the Willamette Valley by the beginning of the 19th century. Their settlements were concentrated in

1725-670: The Lungtum or Long Tom. They were close-neighbors to the Chifin, intermarried, and were political allies. Some authorities suggest the Brownsville Kalapuyans (Calapooia Kalapuyans) were related to the Pee-you. It is likely that since the Santiam had an alliance with the Brownsville Kalapuyans that the Santiam influence also went as far at Eugene. According to archeological evidence, the ancestors of

1794-557: The Olympic trials in 1972, " Jim Ryun won the 1,500 after being flown in by helicopter because he was allergic to Eugene's grass seed pollen." Further, six-time Olympian Maria Mutola abandoned Eugene as a training area "in part to avoid allergies". According to the 2010 census , Eugene's population was 156,185. The population density was 3,572.2 people per square mile. There were 69,951 housing units at an average density of 1,600 per square mile. Those age 18 and over accounted for 81.8% of

1863-535: The USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map, the average annual extreme minimum temperature in Redmond is −5 °F (−21 °C) to −10 °F (−23 °C). A typical Central Oregon summer is marked with daily temperatures around 75 °F (24 °C) to 100 °F (38 °C) during the day, and around 40 °F (4 °C) to 60 °F (16 °C) during the night. Hard frosts happen on occasion during

1932-515: The University of Oregon. It fell victim to two major fires in four years, and after the second fire, the college decided not to rebuild again. The part of south Eugene known as College Hill was the former location of Columbia College. There is no college there today. The town raised the initial funding to start a public university, which later became the University of Oregon , with the hope of turning

2001-594: The bulbs of the wapato and camas plants, and berries. They stored these foods in their permanent winter village. When crop activities waned, they returned to their winter villages and took up hunting, fishing, and trading. They were known as the Chifin Kalapuyans and called the Eugene area where they lived "Chifin", sometimes recorded as "Chafin" or "Chiffin". Other Kalapuyan tribes occupied villages that are also now within Eugene city limits. Pee-you or Mohawk Calapooians, Winefelly or Pleasant Hill Calapooians, and

2070-550: The call center and rehire some of T-Mobile's former employees. As of 2012 the Consumer Cellular call center employed more than 200 people, with plans to grow the facility to 650 employees. The Redmond Spokesman newspaper is the city's oldest continuously operating business, printing its first issue July 14, 1910. Publishers Henry and Clara Palmer moved their press for the Laidlaw Chronicle to Redmond, competing with

2139-724: The city at the point of the Redmond Caves . The lava flow that created the system continues into the Redmond Canyon to Crooked River Ranch . Redmond's climate is typical of the high desert with cool nights and sunny days. Annual precipitation averages between 8 and 10 inches (200 and 250 mm), with an average annual snowfall of 24 inches (61 cm). The winter season in Redmond provides typical daytime temperatures between 10  °F (−12  °C ) and 40 °F (4 °C). Average nighttime temperatures range anywhere from 0 °F (−18 °C) to 40 °F (4 °C). According to

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2208-415: The city was 88.15% White, down from 99.5% in 1950, 3.57% Asian, 1.25% Black or African American, 0.93% Native American, 0.21% Pacific Islander, 2.18% from other races, and 3.72% from two or more races. 4.96% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 58,110 households, of which 25.8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.6% were married couples living together, 9.7% had

2277-439: The city, the population was 29.6% under 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 30.6% from 25 to 44, 18.3% from 45 to 64, and 13.0% who were 65 or older. The median age was 33. For every 100 females, there were 93.1 males. For every 100 females 18 and over, there were 88.0 males. The median income for a household was $ 33,701, and the median income for a family $ 41,481. Males had a median of $ 31,940 versus $ 23,508 for females. The per capita income

2346-399: The city. The population density was 1,316.7 inhabitants per square mile (508.4/km ). There were 5,584 housing units at an average density of 545.4 per square mile (210.6/km ). The racial makeup was 93.72% White, 0.09% African American, 1.16% Native American, 0.65% Asian, 0.16% Pacific Islander, 2.14% from other races, and 2.08% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5.48% of

2415-539: The confluence of the McKenzie and Willamette rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) east of the Oregon Coast . The second-most populous city in Oregon, Eugene had a population of 176,654 as of the 2020 United States census and it covers city area of 44.21 sq mi (114.5 km ). The Eugene-Springfield metropolitan statistical area is the second largest in Oregon after Portland . In 2022, Eugene's population

2484-569: The episode The 30% Iron Chef in Futurama . During the COVID-19 pandemic , the city experienced a controversy over its continuing policy of homeless removal, despite CDC guidelines to not engage in homeless removal. Eugene has a significant population of people in pursuit of alternative ideas and a large original hippie population. Beginning in the 1960s, the countercultural ideas and viewpoints espoused by area native Ken Kesey became established as

2553-477: The existing Oregon Hub and Enterprise newspapers, now defunct. The Eagle Crest Resort , 6 miles (10 km) west of Redmond, is one of eight destination resorts as defined by Oregon's Department of Land Conservation and Development . Eagle Crest is one of Redmond's major employers, and one of Deschutes County's largest corporate tax payers. Redmond is served by the Redmond School District and

2622-499: The fastest-growing industrial and residential communities in Oregon. Incorporated on July 6, 1910. Redmond was named after Frank T. Redmond, who settled in the area in 1905. It was platted in 1906 by a company which would become part of Central Oregon Irrigation District building a canal. Electrification and the Oregon Trunk Railway reached Redmond in 1911. The rail link opened markets for farmers and merchants. By 1930,

2691-412: The first faculty and naming John Wesley Johnson as president. The first students registered on October 16, 1876. The first building was completed in 1877; it was named Deady Hall in honor of the first Board of Regents President and community leader Judge Matthew P. Deady . Other universities in Eugene include Bushnell University and New Hope Christian College . Eugene grew rapidly throughout most of

2760-434: The gap in the normal mean minimum widens to 51.1 and 58.0 °F (10.6 and 14.4 °C) for Eugene and Portland, respectively. Eugene's warmest night annually averages a modest 62 °F (17 °C). Average winter temperatures (and summer high temperatures) are similar for the two cities. Extreme temperatures range from −12 °F (−24 °C), recorded on December 8, 1972, to 111 °F (44 °C) on June 27, 2021;

2829-511: The lower Columbia region and a year later, the Willamette Valley. Natives traced the arrival of the disease, then new to the Pacific Northwest , to the USS Owyhee , captained by John Dominis. "Intermittent fever" is thought by researchers now to be malaria . According to Robert T. Boyd, an anthropologist at Portland State University, the first three years of the epidemic, "probably constitute

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2898-399: The most famous include Nike , Taco Time , and Broderbund Software. The footwear repair product Shoe Goo is manufactured by Eclectic Products, based in Eugene. Run Gum, an energy gum created for runners, also began its life in Eugene. Run Gum was created by track athlete Nick Symmonds and track and field coach Sam Lapray in 2014. Burley Design LLC produces bicycle trailers and

2967-521: The neighborhood. According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 43.74 square miles (113.29 km ), of which 43.72 square miles (113.23 km ) is land and 0.02 square miles (0.05 km ) is water. Eugene is at an elevation of 426 feet (130 m). To the north of downtown is Skinner Butte . Northeast of the city are the Coburg Hills . Spencer Butte

3036-705: The northwestern part of the city, are within the urban growth boundary and generally perceived as part of Eugene, but are largely outside of the city limits. Like the rest of the Willamette Valley , Eugene lies in the Marine West Coast climate zone, with Mediterranean characteristics. Under the Köppen climate classification scheme, Eugene has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate ( Köppen : Csb ). Temperatures can vary from cool to warm, with warm, dry summers and cool, wet winters. Spring and fall are also moist seasons, with light rain falling for long periods. The average rainfall

3105-579: The population to 23,500. Its growth is fueled by employment and a lower cost of living . According to the United States Census Bureau , the city has a total area of 18.637 square miles (48.27 km ), of which 18.636 square miles (48.27 km ) is land and 0.001 square miles (0.00 km ) is water. Redmond is 17 miles (27 km) north of Bend —the county seat of Deschutes County—146 miles (235 km) from Portland , 129 miles (208 km) from Salem —the capital of Oregon—and 126 miles (203 km) from Eugene . The Horse Lava Tube System enters

3174-405: The population. There were 5,260 households, of which 38.1% had children under 18 living with them, 52.2% were married couples living together, 12.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 31.2% were non-families. 24.6% of all households were of individuals and 10.6% had someone living alone who was 65 or older. The average household size was 2.54 and the average family size 3.02. In

3243-441: The population. There were 9,947 households, of which 38.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 48.7% were married couples living together, 13.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 31.7% were non-families. 24.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size

3312-582: The poverty line, including 14.8% of those under age 18 and 7.1% of those age 65 or over. Eugene's largest employers are PeaceHealth Medical Group , the University of Oregon, and the Eugene School District . Eugene's largest industries are wood products manufacturing and recreational vehicle manufacturing. Corporate headquarters for the employee-owned Bi-Mart corporation and family-owned supermarket Market of Choice remain in Eugene. Many multinational businesses were launched in Eugene. Some of

3381-583: The record cold daily maximum is 19 °F (−7 °C), recorded on December 13, 1919, while, conversely, the record warm daily minimum is 71 °F (22 °C) on July 22, 2006. Eugene is downwind of Willamette Valley grass seed farms. The combination of summer grass pollen and the confining shape of the hills around Eugene make it "the area of the highest grass pollen counts in the USA (>1,500 pollen grains/m of air)." These high pollen counts have led to difficulties for some track athletes who compete in Eugene. In

3450-563: The reservation, most were moved to the Grand Ronde reservation in 1856. Strict racial segregation was enforced and mixed race people, known as Métis in French, had to make a choice between the reservation and Anglo-American society. Native Americans could not leave the reservation without traveling papers and white people could not enter the reservation. Eugene Franklin Skinner , after whom Eugene

3519-524: The settlement was known by settlers as Skinner's Mudhole. It was relocated in 1853 and named Eugene City in 1853. Formally incorporated as a city in 1862, it was renamed to Eugene in 1889. Skinner ran a ferry service across the Willamette River where the Ferry Street Bridge now stands. The first major educational institution in the area was Columbia College , founded a few years earlier than

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3588-514: The single most important epidemiological event in the recorded history of what would eventually become the state of Oregon". In his book The Coming of the Spirit Pestilence Boyd reports there was a 92% population loss for the Kalapuyans between 1830 and 1841. This catastrophic event shattered the social fabric of Kalapuyan society and altered the demographic balance in the Valley. This balance

3657-469: The small town into a center of learning. In 1872, the Legislative Assembly passed a bill creating the University of Oregon as a state institution. Eugene bested the nearby town of Albany in the competition for the state university. In 1873, community member J.H.D. Henderson donated the hilltop land for the campus, overlooking the city. The university first opened in 1876 with the regents electing

3726-641: The summer months. Autumn usually brings warm, dry days and cooler nights. According to the Western Regional Climate Center of the Desert Research Institute , the mean of the monthly average maximum temperatures in July, the hottest month in Redmond, between 1928 and 2006 was 82.09 °F (27.83 °C). Redmond's growing season is short. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture 's National Resources Conservation Service , in half of

3795-420: The total population, and males represented 48.9%. The median age in the city was 33.8 years. The census of 2000 showed there were 137,893 people, 58,110 households, and 31,321 families residing in the city of Eugene. The population density was 3,404.8 people per square mile (1,314.6 people/km ). There were 61,444 housing units at an average density of 1,516.4 per square mile (585.5/km ). The racial makeup of

3864-508: The total population. The racial makeup of the city was 85.8% White , 4.0% Asian , 1.4% Black or African American , 1.0% Native American , 0.2% Pacific Islander , and 4.7% from other races . Hispanics and Latinos of any race accounted for 7.8% of the total population. Of the non-Hispanics, 82% were White, 1.3% Black or African American, 0.8% Native American, 4% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 0.2% some other race alone, and 3.4% were of two or more races. Females represented 51.1% of

3933-614: The town had grown to 1,000 and by 1940 had nearly doubled. In the 1940s, Redmond was a U.S. Army Air base and commercial air service was established at Roberts Field after World War II. From the 1950s through most of the 1980s, the population remained relatively static, growing slowly around a small commercial/retail center and manufacturing industry. However, during the 1990s, the population began to grow along with most of Deschutes County. Between 2000 and 2006, Redmond's population grew 74.3%, placing it among Oregon's fastest-growing cities each year. This growth continued through 2006, increasing

4002-604: The twentieth century, with the exception being the early 1980s when a downturn in the timber industry caused high unemployment. By 1985, the industry had recovered and Eugene began to attract more high-tech industries, earning it the moniker the "Emerald Shire". In 2012, Eugene and the surrounding metro area was dubbed the Silicon shire . The first Nike shoe was used in 1972 during the US Olympic trials held in Eugene. The 1970s saw an increase in community activism. Local activists stopped

4071-517: The years between 1971 and 2000, the USDA weather station in Redmond recorded the last below-freezing temperatures after July 3 and the first below-freezing temperatures before August 31. Redmond has a steppe climate ( BSk ) according to the Köppen climate classification system. As of the 2020 census , there were 33,274 people, 12,686 households, and 8,673 families residing in the city. The population density

4140-602: Was $ 16,286. About 6.6% of families and 9.7% of the population were below the poverty line , including 8.9% of those under 18 and 7.5% of those 65 or over. A major employer is Redmond Air Center, at the Redmond Airport . This is a Forest Service smoke-jumping , firefighting and training installation. T-Mobile USA had a call center in Redmond which employed more than 700. T-Mobile made plans to close this facility in June 2013, but Oregon-based Consumer Cellular moved to sublease

4209-461: Was 1,822.4 inhabitants per square mile (703.6/km ). There were 13,262 housing units. The racial makeup of the town was 81.2% White , 0.6% African American , 1.2% Native American , 1.2% Asian , 0.1% Pacific Islander , 5.7% from some other races and 10.0% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 14.0% of the population. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18, 5.9% were under 5 years of age, and 16.4% were 65 and older. As of

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4278-435: Was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.07. The median age in the city was 33.9 years. 27.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 28.8% were from 25 to 44; 21.9% were from 45 to 64; and 12.7% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 48.3% male and 51.7% female. As of the 2000 census , there were 13,481 people, 5,260 households, and 3,618 families residing in

4347-403: Was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 96.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.0 males. The median income for a household in the city was $ 35,850, and the median income for a family was $ 48,527. Males had a median income of $ 35,549 versus $ 26,721 for females. The per capita income for the city was $ 21,315. About 8.7% of families and 17.1% of the population were below

4416-410: Was 46.1 inches (1,170 mm), but for the thirty-year period ending in 2020, the annual average had declined 5.27 inches (134 mm), to 40.83 inches (1,040 mm). The figures from the second half of that period, or 2006 - 2020 inclusive, pointed to a further decline of more than 4 inches (102 mm), down to an annual average of 36.58 inches (929 mm). Winter snowfall does occur, but it

4485-405: Was estimated to have reached 179,887. Eugene is home to the University of Oregon , Bushnell University , and Lane Community College . The city is noted for its natural environment, recreational opportunities (especially bicycling , running / jogging , rafting , and kayaking ), and focus on the arts, along with its history of civil unrest, riots, and green activism. Eugene's official slogan

4554-673: Was founded in Eugene by Alan Scholz out of a Saturday Market business in 1978. Eugene is also the birthplace and home of Bike Friday bicycle manufacturer Green Gear Cycling. Organically Grown Company , the largest distributor of organic fruits and vegetables in the northwest, started in Eugene in 1978 as a non-profit co-op for organic farmers. Notable local food processors , many of whom manufacture certified organic products, include Golden Temple ( Yogi Tea ), Merry Hempsters, Springfield Creamery (Nancy's Yogurt), and Mountain Rose Herbs . Until July 2008, Hynix Semiconductor America had operated

4623-417: Was further altered over the next few years by the arrival of Anglo-American settlers, beginning in 1840 with 13 people and growing steadily each year until within 20 years more than 11,000 American settlers, including Eugene Skinner, had arrived. As the demographic pressure from the settlers grew, the remaining Kalapuyans were forcibly removed to Indian reservations . Though some Natives avoided transfer into

4692-714: Was in April 1859 by an expedition searching for a cattle trail over the Cascade Range from the Willamette Valley to Central Oregon . This expedition was led by Andrew Wiley, who reportedly climbed a tall tree on a mountain near Lost Prairie to help determine the route. Lost Prairie is located along Hackleman Creek between Fish Lake and Tombstone Prairie. Wiley later helped establish the Santiam Wagon Road . Originally known as Hogg Pass, after Col. T. Egenton Hogg who designated this crossing for his proposed railroad , Santiam Pass

4761-520: Was renamed in 1929 when the Santiam Highway was completed. The original Santiam Pass is located three miles south and was discovered in 1859. Santiam Pass has a subarctic climate with cold, extremely snowy winters and mild to sometimes warm summers with occasional precipitation. While it is subarctic, the average winter temperatures hover around the upper 20s. Part of this is due to its latitudal location and being only over 4000 feet in elevation, but it

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