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39-645: During the early 20th century, it housed important figures of Peruvian literature . Located in the Huatica valley, when the Spanish conquest took place, Francisco Pizarro awarded this estate to Diego de Agüero  [ es ] , who named it the Hacienda Santa Beatriz. Upon the death of his son, Diego de Agüero y Garay, the agricultural property was acquired by the novitiate of the Society of Jesus , in 1629. After

78-503: A doubt, Mario Florián was the most important poet creating an entire and beautiful tradition dedicated to the Peruvian children. Among the many authors who write for Peruvian children are: Oscar Colchado Lucio , with his classic series of Andean adventures Cholito ; Marcos Yauri Montero, with his Adventures of the Fox ( Spanish : Aventuras del zorro ), and Carlota Flores de Naveda, with Muki,

117-552: A form of epic poetry. Both forms described the daily life and rituals of the time, and were recited by a poet known as the harawec . Orally transmitted folktales expressed the cosmology of the Andean world, and included creation and destruction myths. Many of these stories have survived until the present, thanks in no small part to the efforts of early chroniclers such as Inca Garcilaso , who rediscovered Quechua poetry, and Guamán Poma de Ayala , who preserved mythology. Their inclusion in

156-656: A marginal system opposed to the dominant Hispanicizing force. He speaks of a great tradition of "enormous textual mass" which was marginalized and sidelined by the Western scriptural system. Luis Alberto Sánchez, on the other hand, employed elements of the Pre-Hispanic tradition to illustrate his theory of a racially mixed "Creole" literature of both indigenous and Iberian parentage. To this end, he cited chronicles by authors such as Cieza, Betanzos and Garcilaso. The literature of Peru's discovery and conquest includes all works produced in

195-582: A number of indigenous and mestizo chroniclers in Peru. Many of the indigenous chroniclers, such as Titu Cusi Yupanqui, were of royal Incan bloodlines. After familiarizing himself with Spanish culture, Yupanqui wrote Relación de cómo los españoles entraron en Pirú y el subceso que tuvo Mango Inca en el tiempo en que entre ellos vivió (The Narrative of How the Spaniards Entered Piru and Mango Inca's Experiences while Living Among Them) in 1570. In it, he presents

234-599: A pedagogical university, then having six faculties, but over the years it expanded its educational offer reaching a total of ten faculties that taught seventeen undergraduate degrees. In 1992, it began its undergraduate study program distance learning, and in 2010 it opened a graduate school that offered up to fifteen master's degrees and seven doctoral programs. Currently, the university has thirteen faculties and one graduate school. In total, it offers 48 undergraduate degrees, 38 master's degrees, and 11 doctorates, in addition to 24 second-specialty programs. On October 10, 2019,

273-528: A proposal for a utopic society. He embarks on a harsh criticism of the authorities, of the abusive priesthood, of the Spanish envoys and landed gentry, and of "mestizo" and creole society. In the words of Luis Alberto Sánchez , this long and futile letter constitutes an indictment of the colonial system. The hegemony of Creole oligarchy in Peruvian society favored the abandonment of indigenous forms in favor of European ones. Particularly successful among these were

312-594: A vision of his own history, and presents Incan creation myths, traditions and customs, historical memories and impressions regarding the conquest and colonial dominance. Other similar works are Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti Yamqui Salcamaygua's Relación de antiguedades deste reyno del Piru (Narrative of the Antiquity of this Kingdom of Piru) 1613, and Felipe Guamán Poma de Ayala 's El primer nvueva corónica y bven govierno (First New Chronicle and Good Government) written between 1585 and 1615, but first published in 1936, in which

351-448: Is a noteworthy contemporary Peruvian writer. His work No se lo digas a nadie (Tell No One) has been adapted for the screen. In the list of young writers we can highlight the work of Fernando Iwasaki , Iván Thays , Oscar Malca , Peter Elmore , Enrique Planas , César Silva Santisteban , Carlos Dávalos, Diego Trelles-Paz , Carlos Yushimito , Santiago Roncagliolo and Daniel Alarcón (finalist of PEN/Hemingway 2006 award). Also, it

390-658: Is home to educational institutions such as Norbert Wiener University, Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University and the Technological University of Peru , the National School of Statistics and Informatics (ENEI), the private schools of San Andrés (formerly the Anglo–Peruvian School) , Dante Alighieri (formerly Antonio Raimondi), Trilce, Saco Oliveros, and Palmer. Peruvian literature The term Peruvian literature not only refers to literature produced in

429-579: Is relevant the work of new Peruvian authors as Jose Pancorvo, Jorge Eslava, Rossella di Paolo, Domingo de Ramos, Odi González, Ana Varela, Rodrigo Quijano, Jorge Frisancho, Mariela Dreyfus, Gonzalo Portals, Alexis Iparraguirre , Gunter Silva Passuni , Pedro Félix Novoa , Félix Terrones, Lorenzo Helguero, José Carlos Yrigoyen, Montserrat Álvarez, Ericka Ghersi, Roxana Crisólogo, Rafael Espinosa, Miguel Ildefonso, Ana María García, Alberto Valdivia Baselli , Grecia Cáceres, Xavier Echarri, Martín Zúñiga, among others. Literature for children Two seminal writers in

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468-705: The British colony also met to practice golf prior to the founding of the Lima Golf Club  [ es ] and the first landing strip in Peru also functioned, prior to the construction of the Limatambo International Airport . The urbanization section was planned according to North American characteristics (very consistent with Leguía's time), with main avenues ( Arenales , Arequipa and Petit Thouars ), two-storey mansions , garages for cars and large gardens similar to mansions. Its urbanization in

507-893: The Embassy of Argentina (as well as its consulate), the Embassy of Venezuela , the former embassy of the Republic of China , the residence of the ambassador of the United States , the Headquarters of the Joint Command of the Armed Forces of Peru and the Military Police Court . It also houses the headquarters of the longest-running television stations in the country, América Televisión , Panamericana Televisión and TV Perú . Santa Beatriz

546-567: The Incan Empire , is largely unknown. Literature produced in the central- Andean region of modern-day Ecuador, Perú, Bolivia and Chile, is thought to have been transmitted orally alone, though the quipu of the Inka and earlier Andean civilizations increasingly casts this into doubt. It consisted of two main poetic forms: harawis (from the Quechua language )--- a form of lyrical poetry---and hayllis ---

585-609: The "official canon" was a slow process, as they were not viewed with seriousness. For instance, Jose de la Riva Agüero , in his 1905 thesis Character of the Literature of Independent Peru considered the Pre-Hispanic literary tradition "insufficient" and unimportant in the formation of any new literary tradition. It was resurrected from obscurity in the 20th century, by a number of literary scholars and anthropologists who compiled and rescued Pre-Hispanic myths and legends. Among them are: Bendezú affirms that Quechua oral tradition constitutes

624-480: The Avant-Gardist poets, whose major exponents were Xavier Abril , Alberto Hidalgo , Sebastián Salazar Bondy and Carlos Germán Belli . Interest in indigenous poetry was resurrected by the work of Luis Fabio Xammar . Others who brought Indigenism to the fore were Ciro Alegría , José María Arguedas , and Manuel Scorza . During the 1950s urban realism developed with the works of Julio Ramón Ribeyro and

663-625: The Casa Boza, one of the neighbourhood's oldest houses that was built in 1925, was demolished to make way for a university building after its inclusion in the national heritage registry was controversially rejected by the Ministry of Culture . The Santa Beatriz urbanization concentrates three of the main arteries of the city of Lima: Arequipa , Petit Thouars, and Arenales avenues, and also houses various public buildings and cultural centres such as: It also houses diplomatic and military institutions such as

702-522: The Conquest of Peru and of Cuzco Province, Otherwise Known as New Castile), in 1534. He is also responsible for Relación Sámano-Xerez (the Samano-Xerez Narrative) of 1528, which details Pizarro's first expeditions of 1525 and 1527. His historical accounts are reiterated by Pedro Sancho de la Hoz, in his La Conquista de Peru (The Conquest of Peru), also of 1534. Another official Spanish chronicler

741-613: The Little Bull ( Spanish : Muki, el Torito ). It is also necessary to note the Peruvian researchers into literature for children including: the historian María Rostworowski with" Peruvian Legends for children" a work which rescues the Incan children's literature; professor José Respaldiza Rojas extensive work Jitanjáforas, the only book which on this topic; the journalists and researcher brothers Juan y Victor Ataucuri García , with Peruvian Fables, where they analyse more than fifty fables;

780-594: The Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria ( SUNEDU ) denied his licensing. The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University was created in December 1964 by Supreme Decree No. 74 and 26-A. It took the name of the Inca Garcilaso de la Vega , a writer and historian of Hispanic-Inca descent considered the "first biological and spiritual mestizo of America". Initially the university functioned as

819-435: The Superintendencia Nacional de Educación Superior Universitaria (Sunedu) denied his licensing due to non-compliance with various basic quality conditions. For this reason, the university must cease its activities within a period of two years, counted from the following academic semester. In May 2020, Sunedu extended to five years (three additional) the deadline for the cessation of academic activities of all universities with

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858-483: The author details the devastation of the Andean world and tries to make sense of the chaotic reality in which the indigenous peoples find themselves. Juan de Santa Cruz Pachacuti also writes a chronicle in which he crudely attempts to explain the Inca cosmogony in rudimentary Spanish. Guamán Poma, wrote an extensive 1179-page letter to the king of Spain, Philip III , in which he narrates the history of his universe and ends with

897-459: The creation of children's literature in Peru are Francisco Izquierdo Ríos , the founder of Peruvian children's stories and Carlota Carvallo de Núñez . They both belong to the a post-Second World war generation and devoted themselves entirely to literature for children. Earlier authors had certainly occasionally written children's fables, stories and poetry, but only sporadically and as an annex to their main literary work. In children's poetry, without

936-410: The critical attention she deserves is Aurora Cáceres , the author of two novels and a dozen works of non-fiction prose. The Avant-garde movement was encouraged by the magazines Colónida and Amauta . Amauta was founded in 1926 by the prominent socialist essayist José Carlos Mariátegui . The influential poet César Vallejo was one of its collaborators. There were various splinter groups among

975-605: The early 1930s broke all the residential patterns of Lima, where wealthy families began to leave the Centre of Lima to move beyond the limits of Paseo Colón and also for direct access to the Miraflores spas . The architecture of the houses surrounding Arequipa and Arenales avenues had a European style and in the area of Petit Thouars avenue adjacent to the Lince neighbourhoods (the former Lobatón hacienda) they had an Art Deco style. In 2024,

1014-538: The expulsion of the Jesuits, in 1771 the government sold the property to Manuel de la Torre y Quiroz, who, together with his wife Águeda Josefa de Tagle, founded an estate on the hacienda. According to the law of separation of estates, the estate passed to Josefa de Tagle, IV Marchioness of Torre Tagle, from whom the State expropriated the estate in 1870 for the construction of an agronomy school. Eminently residential in nature, it

1053-437: The genre dominated until the end of the 19th century. The 19th-century brought Romanticism to Peru, with the works of Carlos Augusto Salaverry and José Arnaldo Márquez . Narrative prose developed away from the pastoral works of Manuel Ascensio Segura and Ricardo Palma ) (see Costumbrismo ) toward Modernism , with the works of Manuel González Prada and José Santos Chocano . There were also literary women who wrote in

1092-618: The imitation of Petrarch and the use of Greek and Roman mythological allusions, as practiced by the Academia Antártica literary group in Lima in the 16th and 17th centuries. Early writers associated with the Academia include Francisco de Figueroa , Diego Mexía de Fernangil, and the anonymous poets remembered only as "Clarinda" and "Amarilis". Later Neoclassicists , such as Manuel Asencio y Segura and Felipe Pardo y Aliaga , arose, too, and

1131-585: The independent Republic of Peru , but also to literature produced in the Viceroyalty of Peru during the country's colonial period, and to oral artistic forms created by diverse ethnic groups that existed in the area during the prehispanic period , such as the Quechua , the Aymara and the Chanka South American native groups. The artistic production of the pre-Hispanic period, especially art produced under

1170-542: The literature of this time include Francisco Carrillo's Enciclopedia histórica de la literatura peruana (Historical Encyclopedia of Peruvian Literature), and various tomes by Raúl Porras Barrenechea which detail the works of the early chroniclers. According to Francisco Carrillo, the early chroniclers could be divided into various groups. The first is the group of chroniclers detailing the conquest. The majority of these were writers and soldiers who were responsible for producing official transcripts of military expeditions. There

1209-517: The playwright Sebastián Salazar Bondy . Realism is also the province of the major luminary Mario Vargas Llosa , while Alfredo Bryce Echenique incorporated new narrative techniques within the genre. Some of the most notable names in poetry are Jorge Eduardo Eielson , Carlos Germán Belli , Antonio Cisneros , Wáshington Delgado , Marco Martos . Noteworthy in narrative prose are: Miguel Gutiérrez , Gregorio Martínez , Alonso Cueto and Guillermo Niño de Guzmán , among others. Jaime Bayly

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1248-464: The professor and songwriter Edgard Bendezú "Fabulinka", with his vast series Fabulinka, poems composed with an ingenious flavour; the researcher and poet Danilo Sánchez Lihón, the premier critic in the children's literature in Peruvian; professor and critic Jesus Cabel; the poet Rosa Cerna ; the former president of the APLIJ (Peruvian Association of Children and Juvenile Literature) Eduardo de la Cruz Yataco;

1287-589: The region during its discovery and conquest by Spain. It can also refer to literature produced roughly around this time. The period begins on November 15, 1532, in Cajamarca with the capture of the last Inca lord, Atahualpa ; it ends with the complete dismantling of the Incan Empire and the founding of the city of Lima . The principal literary manifestations of this period are in the form of chronicles of discovery, or are epistolary in nature. Major works which explore

1326-551: The romantic and modernista style but who also cultivated works that gravited toward [realism] and [naturalism]. These included Juana Manuela Gorriti , Teresa González de Fanning , Clorinda Matto de Turner , and Mercedes Cabellero de Carbonera . The general crisis following the War of the Pacific gave rise to Modernism in Peru. Its best-known exponents were José Santos Chocano and José María Eguren . Also notable but who has not received

1365-406: The teacher and poet Ruth Barrios, Roberto Rosario and others. Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University The Inca Garcilaso de la Vega University (UIGV) is a private university located in the city of Lima , Peru . Founded on December 21, 1964, during the first government of President Fernando Belaúnde Terry . It is currently in the period of cessation of activities due to the fact that

1404-466: The true faith" to the native peoples of Peru. Therefore, many of their descriptions and the motivations they ascribe to the indigenous peoples of the region are distorted and in error. Among the official Spanish chroniclers were Francisco Xerez , personal secretary of Pizarro , who wrote the Verdadera relación de la conquista del Perú y provincia del Cuzco llamada la Nueva Castilla (The True Narrative of

1443-612: Was Fray Gaspar de Carvajal, who produced the Relacion del descubrimiento del famoso río grande de las Amazonas (The Narrative of the Discovery of the Famous Great River of the Amazons) of 1541–1542, which described the first expedition and cartography of the Peruvian amazon territory , and of its towns and indigenous inhabitants. Other Spanish chroniclers worth mentioning are: There were

1482-402: Was also a small group of non-official chroniclers or personal diarists who provided unique personal insights on the effort to subdue and colonize the region. Both groups coexisted during the first period of the Peruvian conquest, which took place between 1532 and 1535. For the most part, these chroniclers all wrote from the perspective of the conqueror, whose mission was to "civilize" and "reveal

1521-503: Was the first urbanization created outside the boundaries of the old historic centre of Lima . It was founded during the government of President Augusto B. Leguía . Located in the district was the Hipódromo de Santa Beatriz (today the Campo de Marte ), which was the oldest in Peru and operated until the mid-1930s when it was replaced by the Hipódromo de San Felipe . At this racecourse, members of

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