81-591: Shripad Amrit Dange (President) T.R. Naravane (Vice President) S.M. Joshi (General Secretary) Samyukta Maharashtra Movement , ( transl. United Maharashtra movement ) commonly known as the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti , was an organisation in India that advocated for a separate Marathi -speaking state in Western India and Central India from 1956 to 1960. The Samiti demanded
162-522: A Congress(S) ticket. In 1981, Yashwantrao was allowed to return to the Indira-led Congress after a six-month wait. Critics at that time commented that the "Fence-sitter has come home to roost". In 1982, he was appointed the Chairman of the 8th Finance Commission of India. He died in 1984. Chavan held many important positions during a long and distinguished career. These included: Chavan held all
243-488: A bi-lingual state for Maharashtra-Gujarat, with Bombay as its capital but Vidarbha outside Maharashtra. Further, they recommended the creation of Vidharba state to unite the Marathi-speaking people of former Hyderabad state with Marathi-speaking areas of Central Provinces and Berar state. On 21 November 1955, demonstrators were fired upon by the police at Flora Fountain in the capital city of Bombay . Flora Fountain
324-563: A chairman. He had planned to write his autobiography in three parts. The first part covers his early years in Satara district. Since his native place is situated on the banks of Krishna River he named the first volume as Krishna Kath . His years as the Chief Minister of the bilingual Bombay state and later as that of the newly formed Maharashtra state were spent in Bombay and so the proposed name for
405-639: A conspiracy to establish a branch of Comintern in India and they were helped by various persons, including the accused Philip Spratt and Benjamin Francis Bradley, sent to India by the Communist International. The aim of the accused persons, according to the charges raised against them was to deprive the King Emperor of the sovereignty of British India, and for such purpose to use the methods and carry out
486-822: A heart attack on 25 November 1984 in Delhi. He was 71. He was cremated in Karad with full state honours on 27 November and his Samadhi (resting place) is situated at Krishna-Koyna Pritisangam . Yashwantrao Chavan took a keen interest in literature. He established the Marathi Sahitya Mandal and supported the Marathi Sahitya Sammelan(Conference). He was very closely associated with many poets, editors and several Marathi and Hindi writers. He initiated compilation of Marathi Vishwakosh (a Marathi language encyclopedia). For this, he nominated Lakshman Shastri Joshi as
567-607: A library of Marxist Literature and published translations of classics. In 1922, with Lotvala's help, Dange launched the English weekly, Socialist , the first Indian Marxist journal. Later Mohit Sen , Dange's contemporary and a well-known communist intellectual, wrote that Dange's articles in the Socialist impressed Lenin himself. The third decade of the 20th century proved to be formative years for young Dange. The period also witnessed worldwide economic crises. There were long strikes in
648-645: A part of the campaign, Pralhad Keshav Atre used his Maratha newspaper to criticise Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru , Morarji Desai (then chief minister of Bombay state ) and S.K. Patil , the Mumbai Congress party politician who favored separation of Mumbai city from a linguistically reconstituted Maharashtra or Gujarat. The Indian National Congress had pledged to introduce linguistic states prior to Independence. However, after Independence, Jawaharlal Nehru and Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel were adamantly opposed to linguistic states. They perceived linguistic states as
729-487: A split, and two separate political parties emerged, namely Congress (Indira) and Congress (Urs) . While the former was led by Indira Gandhi , the latter was led by Devaraj Urs , powerful Chief Minister of Mysore . The other important leaders who joined the Congress Urs were Dev Kant Baruah , Kasu Brahmananda Reddy , Sharad Pawar , A.K. Antony , Sarat Chandra Sinha , Priyaranjan Das Munshi and Yashwantrao Chavan. On
810-566: A threat to the integrity of India. For the first time and perhaps the only time, Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh and its chief Madhav Sadashiv Golwalkar supported Nehru and Patel against redrawing of the map along linguistic lines. The catalyst to the creation of a States Re-organization Commission was the fasting death of Telugu nationalist Potti Sriramulu . In 1956, the SRC (States Re-organisation Committee) recommended creation of linguistic states of Andhra Pradesh , Kerala and Karnataka but recommended
891-560: The All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) was formed at Mumbai by N.M. Joshi and others. Joshi was a philanthropist who was sympathetic to the workers'cause. At that time AITUC did not have a cohesive ideology, but it was sympathetic to the Indian National Congress. When Dange wrote about the founding session of AITUC at Mumbai, he brought out the organisation's Congress roots: The AITUC was guided principally by
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#1732848463801972-640: The Booker Prize has a backdrop of both the Samyukta Maharashtra movement as well as the Mahagujarat movement. Shripad Amrit Dange Post-independence and Cold War Contemporary history Shripad Amrit Dange OL (10 October 1899 – 22 May 1991) was an Indian politician who was a founding member of the Communist Party of India (CPI) and a stalwart of Indian trade union movement . During
1053-619: The British rule in India . Bal Gangadhar Tilak , a veteran leader of Indian National Congress from Maharashtra, the earliest proponent of swaraj (complete independence) greatly inspired young Dange. Later, when Mahatma Gandhi launched the Non-Cooperation Movement in 1920, Dange gave up his studies and joined the Independence movement. He became interested in Marxism , while following
1134-634: The Congress Socialist Party . The Raj re-banned the CPI in 1939, for its initial anti-War stance. The line was changed when, following the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact . The Communist Party of India did not take an active stance against Adolf Hitler and his policies. But when Hitler attacked Poland, the Communist Party of India had called World War II, an 'Imperialist War'. But when he attacked
1215-539: The Indian Elections . Dange, who remained the Chairman of the CPI till 1978, was removed in that year because the majority of party workers were against Dange's political line of supporting Indian National Congress, and Indira Gandhi , the then Congress Prime Minister. He was expelled from the CPI in 1981. He joined the All India Communist Party (AICP), and later, United Communist Party of India . Towards
1296-754: The Indian Penal Code , which declares, Whoever within or without British India conspires to commit any of the offenses punishable by Section 121 or to deprive the King of the sovereignty of British India or any part thereof, or conspires to overawe, by means of criminal force or the show of criminal force, the Government of India or any local Government, shall be punished with transportation for life, or any shorter term, or with imprisonment of either description which may extend to ten years. The main charges were that in 1921 Dange, Shaukat Usmani and Muzaffar Ahmad entered into
1377-500: The Rajaram College , Kolhapur . In 1938, after obtaining his B.A. degree in history and political science (awarded by Bombay University ) he joined Law College of Pune . After obtaining his law degree ( LLB awarded by Bombay University) in 1941, he started practice as a criminal lawyer at Karad. In 1942, he married Venutai at Phaltan in Satara district, in a match arranged by their families. During his college years, Chavan
1458-464: The Russian Revolution of 1917. He grew increasingly skeptical about Gandhism , especially about Gandhi's promotion of cottage industries as the sole solution for India's economic ills, while overlooking possibilities of an industrial economy. In 1921, Dange published a pamphlet titled Gandhi Vs. Lenin , a comparative study of approaches of both the leaders; but, Lenin coming out as better of
1539-669: The Syndicate faction of the Congress party but was fully in rapport with Mrs. Gandhi's views, if not her methods, that his prime anxiety was to maintain the unity of the Congress, but that when he found that the split was inevitable, he did not succumb to the blandishments held out before him by some members of the Syndicate. On 26 June 1970, she appointed him the Finance Minister of India. During his term, Indian economy went into recession for
1620-522: The co-operative movement . Legislation regarding democratic decentralized bodies and the Agricultural Land Ceiling Act were passed during his tenure as Chief Minister. After the resignation of Krishna Menon as Defense Minister in 1962 in the wake of India-China Border Conflict, Yashwantrao was given that portfolio by Prime minister Jawaharlal Nehru . He handled the delicate post-war situation firmly and took several decisions to empower
1701-504: The 20th century, Dange was arrested by the authorities for communist and trade union activities and was jailed for an overall period of 13 years. After India's Independence, a series of events like Sino-Soviet split , Sino-Indian war , and dispute over the stand of the party towards Indian National Congress led to a split in the Communist Party of India, in 1964. The breakaway Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI(M)) emerged stronger both in terms of membership and their performance in
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#17328484638011782-465: The 862 Marathi-speaking villages of Karnataka that were excluded in 1960. Notable individuals who participated in the movement include - Hutatma a Marathi webseries on Zee5 starring Anjali Patil , Vaibhav Tatwawadi , Mohan Agashe , and Sachin Khedekar is based on the challenges faced by the people who participated in this Movement. Midnight's Children , a classic by Salman Rushdie , which won
1863-544: The British Communist Party, notably Philip Spratt and Ben Bradley, came to India. mandated by Comintern to work among the industrial labourers of Bombay and Calcutta (present spelling: Kolkata ). Workers' and Peasants' Parties were started in those cities and in the United Provinces . The communists were addressing ground level problems and as a result "N.M. Joshi, in spite of money and no persecution from
1944-794: The CPI. In October 1944 he attended the XVII Congress of the Communist Party of Great Britain in London as a fraternal representative from the Communist Party of India. Between 1929 and 1935, Dange remained in jail for role in Meerut conspiracy case. After being released from jail in 1935, Dange went on a speaking tour in Andhra Pradesh on the invitation of the Congress Socialist Party leadership from there. His tour resulted in that many prominent Congress Socialist Party leaders from Andhra Pradesh joining
2025-537: The Communist Party. After he came out of the jail, up to 1939, he was working for the Party and was trying increase its hold over the trade union movement. Around this time Dange's legislative career also took off. He was elected to the Bombay Legislative Assembly as Communist candidate in 1946. In 1939, Dange was convicted to four months of rigorous imprisonment for organising a strike of textile workers. He
2106-586: The Congress leaders. The masses at this period were being led by Lokmanya Tilak and his group, in which Lala Lajpat Rai from Punjab, Bepinchandra Pal from Bengal and others had a big place. Mahatma Gandhi had refused to sponsor the idea of founding the AITUC and so he did not attend. Communists were also largely excluded when, again in Mumbai, in 1923, jobbers and mill clerks came together and started Girni Kamgar Mahamandal (Great Association of Mill-Workers). They participated in
2187-589: The Congress was routed with the party leader and Prime minister, Indira Gandhi herself losing her parliamentary seat. Therefore in the new Parliament, Chavan was elected the Congress Party Parliamentary leader. As Congress now the biggest opposition party, he became the Leader of opposition. The annual session of the Congress party was held in Bengaluru at the end of 1978. On this occasion, the party suffered
2268-652: The Gujarati-speaking State of Gujarat . However Goa (then a Portuguese colony), Belgaum , Karwar and adjoining areas, which were also part of the Maharashtra envisaged by the Samiti, were not included in Maharashtra state. Prominent leaders of the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti decided to quit the organization after 1 May 1960, but the then chairman of the Samiti, Udhavrao Patil , continued his fight for
2349-460: The Kanpur case. Pages of newspapers daily splashed sensational communist plans and people for the first time learned such a large scale about communism and its doctrines and the aims of the Communist International in India." Singaravelu Chettiar was released on account of illness. M.N. Roy was out of the country and therefore could not be arrested. Ghulam Hussain confessed that he had received money from
2430-466: The Prominent activists of Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti were leftists such as S. M. Joshi, Shripad Amrit Dange, Narayan Ganesh Gore , Nana Patil and Uddhavrao Patil. Other leaders included Annabhau Sathe , Maina Gawankar, Walchand Kothari, Pralhad Keshav Atre , Keshav Sitaram Thackeray , Pandurang Mahadev Bapat , Bhausaheb Raut, and Amar Shaikh, G. T. Madkholkar , Madhu Dandavate , Y. K. Souni. As
2511-685: The Russians in Kabul and was pardoned. Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani and Dange were sentenced for various terms of imprisonment. This case was responsible for actively introducing communism to the Indian masses. Dange was released from prison in 1925. The industrial town of Kanpur, in December 1925, witnessed a conference of different communist groups, under the chairmanship of Singaravelu Chettiar. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed, Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani were among
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2592-566: The SRC led C. D. Deshmukh , the then Finance Minister of the Nehru Cabinet to resign his post in January 1956. This led to the creation of the predecessor movement Sanyukta Maharashtra Parishad, inaugurated on 1 November 1956, causing a great political stir and, under the leadership of Keshavrao Jedhe , a whole party meeting was held in Pune and Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti was founded on 6 February 1956. In
2673-557: The Soviet Union, the same Communist Party of India decided to call the war, a people's war . After the USSR had sided with the Great Britain in the war, the Communist Party of India was legalised for the first time. Saying that the freedom struggle would impede the war against fascism, the CPI stayed away from the freedom struggle. The Indian National Congress was able to politically corner
2754-711: The armed forces and negotiated, along with Pandit Nehru, with China to end the hostilities. He also held the Defense portfolio in the Lal Bahadur Shastri Government during the Indo-Pakistan War of September 1965. In the by-elections in 1962, Chavan was elected unopposed as Member of Parliament from the Nashik parliamentary constituency. On 14 November 1966, he was appointed Home Minister of India by Prime minister, Indira Gandhi . Yeshwantrao came in for criticism at
2835-424: The chairman of All India Trade Union Congress and continued to be at the helm of that organisation either as general secretary or chairman. Yashwantrao Chavan Yashwantrao Balwantrao Chavan (Marathi pronunciation: [jəʃʋənt̪ɾaːʋ t͡səʋʱaːɳ] ; 12 March 1913 – 25 November 1984) was an Indian freedom fighter and politician who served as 8th Minister of Finance from 1970 to 1971 & 1971 to 1974. He served as
2916-529: The communist movement, provided the opportunity for Communists to propagate their ideas. It came out with its own manifesto and was affiliated to the Communist International in 1934. During the period, prior to India's Independence, the Communist Party of India's responses to freedom struggle were dictated by the Comintern's views. After its admission to the Third International, the Communist Party of India
2997-468: The communists firmly in control of the Girni Kamgar Mahamandal and enabled them to dominate trade union movement. They were now forced to confront problems forced by the structure of industrial relations. The initiative taken by the communist leadership in reflecting working class-militancy enabled them to establish their presence at the level of industry as a whole. To consolidate this position it
3078-480: The communists, as the popular sentiments were overwhelmingly supporting Gandhi 's Quit India Movement . After the sudden arrest of then Somnath Lahiri, Secretary of CPI, during end-1935, Puran Chand Joshi became the first general secretary of Communist Party of India, for a period from 1935 to 1947—or as it was called the "P. C. Joshi era". In 1943, Dange for the first was elected to the Central Committee of
3159-531: The courtroom into a public platform to espouse their cause. As a result, the trial saw strengthening of the communist movement in the country. Harkishan Singh Surjeet , a former General Secretary of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) wrote about the aftermath of the Meerut Conspiracy case thus: a Party with a centralised apparatus, came into being only after the release of the Meerut prisoners, in 1933. The Meerut Conspiracy Case, though launched to suppress
3240-476: The creation of a new state from Marathi-speaking areas of the State of Bombay , a Marathi state, with the city of Bombay as its capital. The Samiti achieved its goal when the state of Maharashtra was created as a Marathi linguistic state on 1 May 1960. Members continued to advocate for the inclusion of Marathi-speaking areas in northern Karnataka such as Belgaum , Karwar , Dharwad and Bidar into Maharashtra, and
3321-637: The creation of an international Soviet republic as a transition stage to the complete abolition of the State'. M. N. Roy, an ex-member of the Anushilan Samiti , perhaps the most important secret revolutionary organisation operating in East Bengal in the opening years of the 20th century, went to Moscow in by the end of April 1920. The new Russian government under Lenin evinced interest in him and encouraged him to form an Indian Communist Party. Roy went on to found
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3402-674: The end, Dange got increasingly marginalised in the Indian Communist movement. He was also a well-known writer and was the founder of Socialist the first socialist weekly in India. Dange played an important role in the formation of Maharashtra state. Shripad Amritpant Dange was born in Marathi Deshastha Yajurvedi Brahman family in 1899, in the village of Karanjgaon in Niphad Taluka of Nashik District, Maharashtra. His father worked in Mumbai as government officer and
3483-633: The file notes that 'The evidence collected clearly shows that Dange has been an important figure in the conspiracy as constant reference to his name would be unavoidable in any event in the prosecution to be instituted against other members of the conspiracy at [Allahabad]. The conspiracy referred to here is the Kanpur Conspiracy Case that would catapult Dange to a leader with national prominence. On 17 March 1924, M. N. Roy, S.A. Dange, Muzaffar Ahmed , Nalini Gupta, Shaukat Usmani , Singaravelu Chettiar , Ghulam Hussain and others were charged, in what
3564-550: The first time since 1966 and real GDP growth fell by 0.55% in 1972. He was appointed as the Foreign Minister on 11 October 1974. In June 1975, an Internal State of Emergency was declared in India by the Indira Gandhi Government. This period saw a severe crackdown on leaders and parties opposed to Mrs. Gandhi's rule. Yashwantrao remained in her Government during this period. In the subsequent general elections 1977,
3645-507: The formation of Marathi speaking state of Maharashtra. On 1 May 1960, Yashwantrao Chavan became the first Chief Minister of Maharashtra. From 1957 to 1960 he also served on the All India Congress Working Committee. Chavan's vision for Maharashtra for the development envisaged the equal development of both the industrial and agricultural sectors across all the regions of the state. He sought to realize this vision through
3726-423: The founding of Comintern as a disruptive force that would cause internal disorder. It viewed the nascent leftism in India with great suspicion. During the 1920s, the Government foisted a series of 'conspiracy cases' against persons whom they suspected to have communist leanings. During this period M.N. Roy, the spokesperson of the Comintern, was seen as the most dangerous of Indian communists. During that time all
3807-414: The government lost the leadership (of AITUC) to the communists. " The communists took over the leadership of the AITUC in December 1929, when their rivals, led by N.M.Joshi, walked out of the session, and founded a rival organisation. Like rest of the world, it was a period of great unrest in India too. In India throughout 1928 and 1929 there was a strong wave of strikes, on the railroads, in ironworks and in
3888-540: The industrialized world, especially in Britain. In India, the working class movement gained steady momentum during this period. It was during one of the long textile mill strikes that Dange got himself acquainted with the conditions of labourers. The period also coincided with influence of Bolshevist ideas, following the Russian Revolution of 1917, manifesting in political events in countries outside Russia. This process
3969-400: The key organisers of the meeting. The meeting adopted a resolution for the formation of the Communist Party of India with its headquarters in Bombay., The British Government's extreme hostility towards communists, made them to decide not to openly function as a communist party; instead, they chose a more open and non-federated platform, under the name the Workers and Peasants Parties. In 1920
4050-471: The last Chief Minister of Bombay State and the first of Maharashtra after latter was created by the division of Bombay state. His last significant ministerial post was as the Deputy Prime Minister of India in the short lived Charan Singh government in 1979. He was a strong Congress leader, co-operative leader, social activist and writer. He was popularly known as Leader of Common People . He advocated social democracy in his speeches and articles and
4131-406: The letters written by Roy from Moscow to Dange were intercepted and delivered. The British government initially did not think Dange was dangerous. In 1923, they came to the conclusion that they did not have enough to prove anti-government activity as "Dange is a pure doctrinaire and nothing here seen of him indicate any real power of organisation." The Government of India soon changed its mind and
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#17328484638014212-432: The long textile strike in 1924. The early trade union movement in India was not directly inspired by communists. Dange played an important role in bringing the labour activists amongst Bombay textile workers under the communist umbrella. Girni Kamgar Mahamandal was split and the communists formed their own union, the Girni Kamgar Union during the general strike of 1928. The linkages which were forged in this strike placed
4293-445: The movement. He spent around two years in jail, and was released only in 1944. In 1946, Yashwantrao was first elected as Member of Legislative Assembly of the Bombay State from the South Satara constituency. In the same year he was appointed as parliamentary secretary to the Home Minister of Bombay State. In the next government of Morarji Desai he was appointed as Minister of Civil Supplies, Social Welfare and Forests. In 1953 he
4374-404: The newly annexed state of Goa and Damaon until the 1967 Goa Opinion Poll rejected merger with Maharashtra. The Samyukta Maharashtra Movement organisation was founded on 6 February 1956, at Tilak Smarak Mandir in Pune . The Samiti declared its Executive Council. Shripad Amrit Dange as the President. T. R.Naravane as Vice President and S. M. Joshi as General Secretary were selected. Many of
4455-410: The other side, Indira Gandhi's new party included leaders like Shankar Dayal Sharma , Umashankar Dikshit , Chidambaram Subramaniam , Kamruddin Ali Ahmad, Abdul Rehman Antulay and Gulabrao Patil . Yashwantrao Chavan's political career suffered a major setback following his decision to move away from Indira Gandhi. Devaraj Urs himself soon joined the Janata Party , following which the Congress(Urs)
4536-441: The programme and plan of campaign outlined and ordained by the Communist International. The Sessions Court in Meerut awarded stringent sentences to the accused in January 1933. Out of the accused 27 persons were convicted with various durations of 'transportation'. While Muzaffar Ahmed was transported for life, Dange, Spratt, Ghate, Joglekar and Nimbkar were each awarded transportation for a period of 12 years. On appeal, in July 1933,
4617-402: The reactionary bourgeoisie politicians. The British government had banned communist activities from 1934 to 1938. When the Comintern adopted the Georgi Dimitrov thesis of popular front against fascism , CPI declared support for the Congress in 1938. The communist leaders like Dinkar Mehta, Sajjad Zaheer , E.M.S. Namboodiripad , and Soli Batliwala became members of the national executive of
4698-411: The second general election of 1957, the Samiti defeated the stalwarts of Congress by securing 101 seats out of 133, including 12 from Bombay. The Congress party could form a government only with the support of Gujarat , Marathwada and Vidharba . The Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti achieved its goal on 1 May 1960, when the State of Bombay was partitioned into the Marathi-speaking State of Maharashtra and
4779-411: The second volume was "Sagar Tir". Later in 1962 he was appointed Defence Minister of India by Nehru. From then he was in Delhi until his death in 1984; so he had proposed the name "Yamuna Kath" for his third volume. He was able to complete and publish only the first volume. Yashwantrao Chavan Bakhar Eka Vaadalaachi , a 2014 Indian Marathi -language biographical film by Jabbar Patel covers his role as
4860-584: The senior portfolios in the Indian government such as Finance Defence, Home, and External Affairs. His last position was as deputy prime minister in the short lived Charan singh government. He brought important changes in all fields where he held power, he also played crucial role in rebuilding Indian army back after 1962 Sino India War. After his appointment as Defence Minister, he rapidly expanded and modernized military and restored it's dignity which directly helped India in 1971 war. He also played crucial role in 1965 India Pakistan War. Yashwantrao Chavan died of
4941-409: The sentences of Ahmed, Dange and Usmani were reduced three years. Reductions were also made in the sentences of other convicts. Though all the accused were not communists, the charges framed against them betrayed the British government's fear for growth of communist ideas in India. In the trial the accused were all labeled as Bolsheviks. During the trial of four and a half years, the defendants turned
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#17328484638015022-442: The strikes he was arrested along with Muzaffar Ahmed and Shaukat Usmani. Dange edited the Marathi journal, Kranti , the official organ of the Girni Kamgar Union from the time of its inception. Believing that the world capitalism was in crisis, during the 1920s the Comintern deployed its workers to various countries. Indian communists had forged a close relationship with Communist Party of Great Britain . In 1926 and 1927 members of
5103-410: The textile industry. 31 million working days lost in 1928, through industrial disputes. Trade union numbers and organisation grew rapidly during this period." Muzaffar Ahmed, Usmani and Dange joined these later campaigns on their release from jail. The British government was clearly worried about the growing influence of the Communist International. Its ultimate objective, so the government perceived,
5184-466: The time of the first congress split in 1969. He had stuck to his earlier commitment to vote for the official Congress candidate, Sanjeeva Reddy in the presidential elections and in doing so, had invited the ire of Mrs. Indira Gandhi, but later be shifted his ground and supported her. In doing so, he exposed himself to the charge of duplicity and of being a fence-sitter. According to Hatalkar, it might be said in his favour that he had nothing in common with
5265-427: The two. This work proved to be a turning point in Dange's life. Prominent Marxist leader M. N. Roy read the work and went on to meet its young author, when he came to Mumbai. Ranchoddas Bhavan Lotvala, a flour mill owner from Mumbai who 'concerned himself for radical causes', also read this treatise and was impressed by its contents. Lotvala sponsored Dange's study of Marxism for several years, and together they built up
5346-458: The year 1943– 1944 Dange was elected for the first time as the chairman of the All India Trade Unions Congress. In 1944–1945, he was a delegate to the World Trade Union Conference in London. In 1945–1947 he became the vice chairman of the All India Trade Union Congress. Also in October 1945 he became a member of the Executive Committee and chairman of the General Council of the World Federation of Trade Unions . In February 1947, Dange again became
5427-404: The émigré Communist Party of India on 17 October 1920 in Tashkent . On his return to India, M.N. Roy who had read Gandhi Vs. Lenin met Dange in 1922. Dange at that time was closely associating with Lotvala to spread Marxian ideas. It was during this period that Dange grew in prominence as a Marxist; a sure way those days to invite antagonism from the British Government. The British Empire saw
5508-560: Was a signatory to the Nagpur Pact that assured equitable development of all regions of what is now the state of Maharashtra . The 1950s witnessed the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) leading struggle for United Maharashtra with Bombay (now Mumbai) as its capital. Chavan never joined the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti (United Maharashtra Movement) and in fact called Prime minister Nehru, who opposed formation of language based state reorganization, as "Greater than Maharashtra". In 1957 Assembly elections Yashwantrao Chavan
5589-424: Was arrested on 11 March 1940 for leading a general strike of textile workers in Bombay and interned in the Deoli Detention Camp. At Deoli, several other communist leaders were also jailed along with him. In prison he started a political study circle among the prisoners. He was released in 1943. Even before the takeover of the AITUC by the communists, in 1927, Dange was elected Assistant Secretary of AITUC. " During
5670-566: Was called the Cawnpore (now spelt Kanpur ) Bolshevik Conspiracy case. The specific charge was that they as communists were seeking "to deprive the King Emperor of his sovereignty of British India, by complete separation of India from Britain by a violent revolution." The case attracted interest of the people towards Comintern plan to bring about violent revolution in India. Communist trials had taken place in India, in frontier towns like Peshawar where Russian trained muhajir communists were put on trial. "But no case had attracted public gaze like
5751-406: Was elected from the Karad constituency. This time he was elected as Leader of Congress Legislative Party, and became Chief Minister of the bilingual Bombay state . The election saw the Congress party losing badly in the Marathi speaking areas to the Samyukta Maharashtra Samiti. However, he was able to persuade Nehru to agree to form Maharashtra and therefore he is regarded as the chief architect in
5832-701: Was fascinated by the freedom struggle of India. Chavan was an active participant in the struggle for independence of India. As a schoolboy in Karad in 1930, he was fined for his participation in the Non-cooperation Movement led by Mahatma Gandhi . In 1932, he was sentenced to 18 months in prison for hoisting the Indian flag in Satara. During this period, he came in contact with Swami Ramanand Bharti, Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale , Gaurihar (Appasaheb) Sihasane, V. S. Page and Govind Kruparam Wani. Their friendship lasted forever. After completing his high school education from Tilak High school Karad in 1934, he joined
5913-464: Was imperative that the Girni Kamgar Union as it is now called to penetrate the level of the individual mill...On 30 October 1928 the Girni Kamgar Union had a membership of 324; by the end of that they boasted 54000 members. Two long and bitter strikes in 1928 and 1929 involving the members of Girni Kamgar Union followed. Dange was the general secretary of the Girni Kamgar Union. For their role in
5994-587: Was instrumental in establishing co-operatives in Maharashtra for the betterment of the farmers. Yashwantrao Chavan was born in a Kunbi - Maratha family on 12 March 1913 in the village of Devrashtre in Satara District (now in Sangli District) of Maharashtra , India. He had three siblings. Chavan lost his father in his early childhood and was brought up by his uncle and mother. His mother taught him about self-dependency and patriotism. From his childhood he
6075-470: Was involved in many social activities and was closely associated with the Congress party and its leaders, such as Jawaharlal Nehru , Sardar Patel and Keshavrao Jedhe . In 1940, he became President of Satara District Congress. Chavan was one of the delegates at the Bombay session of the A.I.C.C. in 1942 that gave the call for Quit India . He went "underground" before being arrested for his participation in
6156-527: Was major landowner of the area and lived in one palace like house in Karanjgaon. Dange was sent to study in Pune. He was expelled from college for organising a movement against compulsory teaching of the Bible. While in work, Dange was exposed to conditions of workers when he undertook voluntary work in the textile mill areas of Mumbai. Dange was drawn into active politics by the fervour of nationalist movement against
6237-651: Was quickened by the establishment of the Third International or the Communist International, or in popular parlance—its abbreviated form – Comintern, an international communist organisation founded in Moscow in March 1919. As a resolution adopted in the Founding Congress of the Comintern its stated objective was to fight 'by all available means, including armed force, for the overthrow of the international bourgeoisie and for
6318-540: Was renamed the Indian Congress (Socialist) . Yeshwantrao was appointed as Home Minister and Deputy Prime Minister of India in the short-lived cabinet of Prime Minister Charan Singh in 1979. In the general elections of January 1980, Congress (I) won a majority in Parliament and came to power under the leadership of Indira Gandhi. In this election, Yashwantrao Chavan was the only candidate elected from Maharashtra as MP on
6399-405: Was seen to be guided by the policies imposed by Joseph Stalin on the international communist movement. Stalin's policies were, in turn, dictated by Russia's geopolitical interests. As a result the positions taken by the CPI ran many times counter to popular nationalist sentiments, leading to erosion of the Party's popular base. Up to 1934, the CPI viewed India's freedom struggle as a movement of
6480-423: Was subsequently renamed Hutatma Chowk or "Martyr's Crossroad" in their memory. It is estimated that in a total of 106 people were shot by security forces during the period of agitation and at different places. Morarji Desai, who was the then chief minister of Bombay State was later removed and replaced by Yashwantrao Chavan as a result of criticism related to the 21 November incident. Nehru's speech dissenting with
6561-579: Was to achieve "complete paralysis and overthrow of existing Governments in every country (including India) by means of a general strike and armed uprising.". The government's immediate response was to foist yet another conspiracy case—the Meerut Conspiracy Case. In more than one way the Meerut Conspiracy case trial helped the Communist Party of India to consolidate its position among workers. Dange along with 32 persons were arrested on or about 20 March 1929 and were put on trial under Section 121A of
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