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39-460: The Galaxy Fold received mixed pre-release reception, with praise for its innovative design, but criticism over the device's durability and longevity, and it was concluded that the Galaxy Fold was a proof of concept device for early adopters rather than a device suited for the mass market. Due to issues with the device's durability and susceptibility to damage, Samsung announced that it would recall

78-434: A Chinese launch event and that review units' inner display was breaking, Samsung announced on April 22 that the launch (originally set for April 26) had been delayed indefinitely while they work to fix the issue, with plans to announce the new release date sometime within the coming weeks and that the defective review units are being recalled. Samsung later announced that Galaxy Fold pre-orders would automatically be cancelled if

117-466: A crease in the screen visible from certain viewing angles, and gaps at the top and bottom of the hinge that were potentially susceptible to dust and debris. The lack of water resistance was also noted, and it was felt that the size of the cover screen made typing difficult. It was concluded that the Galaxy Fold was a "testbed device for developers and the earliest adopters to buy, and for the rest of us to ponder over". Dieter Bohn of The Verge considered

156-582: A custom multi-layer laminate instead of glass. Its power button contains a fingerprint reader. The phone uses the Qualcomm Snapdragon 855 processor and contains 12 GB of RAM and has 512 GB of non-expandable storage. Unlike other Samsung devices, the Qualcomm chip is used in all regions instead of only being used in selected markets. The Galaxy Fold also has a 5G -capable variant with a slightly smaller battery. The device contains two batteries split between

195-421: A drug is effective in treating the desired disease, and a surrogate endpoint is used to guide whether or not it is appropriate to proceed with further testing. For example, although it cannot be determined early that a new antibiotic cures patients with pneumonia, early indicators would include that the drug is effective in killing bacteria in laboratory tests, or that it reduces temperature in infected patients—such

234-498: A drug would merit further testing to determine the appropriate dose and duration of treatment. A new anti-hypertension drug could be shown to reduce blood pressure, indicating that it would be useful to conduct more extensive testing of long-term treatment in the expectation of showing reductions in stroke (cerebrovascular accident) or heart attack (myocardial infarction). Surrogate endpoints are often based on laboratory blood tests or imaging investigations like X-ray or CT scan. Phase I

273-587: A fabrication technique, and was not intended to be an early version of a production design. The column also provided definitions for the related but distinct terms ' breadboard ' (a term used since 1940 ), ' prototype ', 'engineering prototype', and ' brassboard '. Sky Captain and the World of Tomorrow , 300 , and Sin City were all shot in front of a greenscreen with almost all backgrounds and props computer-generated . All three used proof-of-concept short films. In

312-407: A production environment. Tech demos are designed as proof of concept for the development of video games . They can demonstrate graphical or gameplay capabilities crucial for particular games. Although not suggested by natural language, and in contrast to usage in other areas, proof of principle and proof of concept are not synonymous in drug development . A third term, proof of mechanism ,

351-473: A proof of concept. The term has been in use since 1967. In a 1969 hearing of the Committee on Science and Astronautics, Subcommittee on Advanced Research and Technology, proof of concept was defined as following: The Board defined proof of concept as a phase in development in which experimental hardware is constructed and tested to explore and demonstrate the feasibility of a new concept. One definition of

390-403: A proof of technology. A pilot project refers to an initial roll-out of a system into production, targeting a limited scope of the intended final solution. The scope may be limited by the number of users who can access the system, the business processes affected, the business partners involved, or other restrictions as appropriate to the domain. The purpose of a pilot project is to test, often in

429-437: A slowly appearing whale in preparation for the production of Finding Nemo . In engineering and technology, a rough prototype of a new idea is often constructed as a "proof of concept". For example, a working concept of an electrical device may be constructed using a breadboard . A patent application often requires a demonstration of functionality prior to being filed. Some universities have proof of concept centers to "fill

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468-404: Is available in two colors (Space Silver and Cosmos Black). The Galaxy Fold contains two displays; its front cover contains a small, 4.6-inch display in the center designed for one-handed use, and the device can fold open to expose a 7.3-inch display. Samsung rated the fold mechanism as supporting up to 200,000 uses. The tablet screen contains a large notch in the top-right corner and is coated with

507-431: Is closely related and is also described here. All of these terms lack rigorous definitions and exact usage varies between authors, between institutions and over time. The descriptions given below are intended to be informative and practically useful. The underlying principle is related to the use of biomarkers as surrogate endpoints in early clinical trials. In early development it is not practical to directly measure that

546-509: Is typically conducted with a small number of healthy volunteers who are given single doses or short courses of treatment (e.g., up to 2 weeks). Studies in this phase aim to show that the new drug has some of the desired clinical activity (e.g., that an experimental anti-hypertensive drug actually has some effect on reducing blood pressure), that it can be tolerated when given to humans, and to give guidance as to dose levels that are worthy of further study. Other Phase I studies aim to investigate how

585-402: Is usually small and may or may not be complete. These collaborative trials aim to test feasibility of business concepts and proposals to solve business problems and accelerate business innovation goals. A proof of value ( PoV ) is sometimes used along proof of concept, and differs by focusing more on demonstrating the potential customer use case and value, and is usually less in-depth than

624-462: The Galaxy Note 7 . On a test by CNET , the Galaxy Fold's hinge only lasted for 120,000 folds (equivalent to 3 years of use) out of the advertised 200,000 folds (equivalent to 5 years of use). On July 24, 2019, Samsung announced that it was now targeting a September release, and detailed design changes intended to help reinforce the screen and protect the hinge. Caps were added on the top and bottom of

663-428: The "special protective layer" that coats the screen must not be removed, as doing so may cause damage to the screen. Concerns were raised that consumers may mistake it for a pre-installed screen protector without proper advisories: retail units of the Galaxy Fold did contain a disclaimer. Samsung later stated that it would "thoroughly inspect" the defective review units to investigate the issues. Samsung would later delay

702-606: The 'funding gap'" for "seed-stage investing" and "accelerate the commercialization of university innovations". Proof of concept centers provide "seed funding to novel, early stage research that most often would not be funded by any other conventional source". In the field of business development and sales , a vendor may allow a prospect customer to try a product. This use of proof of concept helps establish viability, isolate technical issues, and suggest an overall direction, as well as provide feedback for budgeting and other forms of internal decision-making processes. In these cases,

741-539: The Galaxy Fold (obscured to hide its final design) and its "Infinity Flex Display" was unveiled during a Samsung developers' conference in November 2018, demonstrating the adaptations to Samsung's Android distribution and newly-unveiled One UI software. Google stated that it would work with OEMs to support foldable devices on Android (an effort achieved natively in Android 10 ). After reports surfaced that Samsung had postponed

780-454: The ability to purchase a one-time screen replacement out-of-warranty from one of the aforementioned outlets for US$ 149 (however, the device still carries a standard one-year warranty). A version of the device was released exclusively for China Telecom , marketed as the Galaxy W20 5G with a faster Snapdragon 855+ processor and a unique white finish. The W20 went on sale on December 12, 2019; it

819-463: The bare minimum of capabilities needed to selectively remove an item from the Windows Security Log , but it was not optimized in any way. In software development , the term 'proof of concept' often characterizes several distinct processes with different objectives and participant roles: vendor business roles may utilize a proof of concept to establish whether a system satisfies some aspect of

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858-488: The case of Sin City , the short film became the prologue of the final film. Pixar sometimes creates short animated films that use a difficult or untested technique. Their short film Geri's Game used techniques for animation of cloth and of human facial expressions later used in Toy Story 2 . Similarly, Pixar created several short films as proofs of concept for new techniques for water motion, sea anemone tentacles, and

897-403: The device had not been shipped by May 31, and the customer had not otherwise confirmed their order. On May 24, 2019, U.S. retailer Best Buy cancelled all pre-orders. AT&T subsequently cancelled pre-orders on June 13, 2019, announcing that it would issue refunds, as well as complimentary US$ 100 bill credits. CNET drew comparisons between the postponement and the battery-related recalls of

936-555: The fold-out tablet screen a "joy" to use, but remarked that its thick form factor and small cover screen made the Galaxy Fold less suited for shorter, frequent uses like a smartphone. He also panned the display for not being as smooth as a glass screen, being susceptible to scratches and blemishes over time, the aforementioned crease, the large notch, a "jelly" distortion between the two sides when scrolling, and having too many potential points of failure. Bohn praised its high-end hardware, and especially its batteries, and felt that multitasking

975-474: The hinge area and the protective layer was extended under the bezel to prevent accidental removal. Samsung also added extra layers of metal under the screen. Samsung also stated that it had reduced the space between the hinge and body of the device. Samsung issued more detailed care instructions with the new release, advising users against placing items or adhesives on the screen, pressing the screen with hard objects, exposure to liquids or small particles, removing

1014-479: The inside screen. The Galaxy Fold ships with Android 9.0 "Pie" and Samsung's One UI software. An enhanced Multi Window mode is available for the device, supporting up to three app on-screen at once. Apps opened on the smaller screen can expand into their larger, tablet-oriented layouts when the user unfolds the device. Digital Trends praised the Fold's software, performance, camera and main screen, while criticizing

1053-637: The longer term, and to investigate which dose levels might be most suitable for eventual marketing. A decision is made at this point as to whether to progress the drug into later development, or if it should be dropped. If the drug continues, it will progress into later stage clinical studies, termed Phase IIB and Phase III. Phase III studies involve larger numbers of patients—commonly multicenter trials —treated at doses and durations representative of marketed use, and in randomised comparison to placebo and/or existing active drugs. They aim to show convincing, statistically significant evidence of efficacy and to give

1092-415: The new drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolised and excreted (ADME studies). Phase IIA is typically conducted in up to 100 patients with the disease of interest. Studies in this Phase aim to show that the new drug has a useful amount of the desired clinical activity (e.g., that an experimental anti-hypertensive drug reduces blood pressure by a useful amount), that it can be tolerated when given to humans in

1131-412: The price, the front screen design and the lack of water resistance. Chokkattu remarked that "[it's] a lot of fun to use because it's so new", but noted that "it remains technology that's out of reach for most people". CNET felt that the inside of the device felt "toy-like" in contrast to the premium exterior, noting the fragility of its screen, a plastic bezel, a "ridiculous and unnecessarily large" notch,

1170-404: The proof of concept in software development are: A 'steel thread' is technical proof of concept that touches all of the technologies in a solution. By contrast, a 'proof of technology' aims to determine the solution to some technical problem (such as how two systems might integrate) or to demonstrate that a given configuration can achieve a certain throughput. No business users need be involved in

1209-415: The proof of concept may mean the use of specialized sales engineers to ensure that the vendor makes a best-possible effort. In both computer security and encryption, proof of concept refers to a demonstration that in principle shows how a system may be protected or compromised, without the necessity of building a complete working vehicle for that purpose. Winzapper was a proof of concept which possessed

Samsung Galaxy Fold - Misplaced Pages Continue

1248-510: The protective layer, and also warning about placing the phone near items sensitive to magnets. The Verge remarked that the new instructions were akin to " a pharmaceutical ad that has to disclose dozens of side effects ". In the United States, select retailers and Samsung stores offered a "Premier Service" for the device, including an orientation session post-purchase, a dedicated customer support line specific to Galaxy Fold-related issues, and

1287-417: The purpose it was designed for. Once a vendor is satisfied, a prototype is developed which is then used to seek funding or to demonstrate to prospective customers. The US General Services Administration has a checklist for defining an Agile software proof of concept, which includes clear definitions of the problem, pre-POC input required, and output criteria (including success criteria). The key benefits of

1326-448: The release of the phone, and make numerous changes to the screen in an effort to mitigate the issue. Proof of concept Proof of concept ( POC or PoC ), also known as proof of principle , is a realization of a certain idea, method or principle in order to demonstrate its feasibility , or viability, or a demonstration in principle with the aim of verifying that some concept or theory has practical potential. A proof of concept

1365-517: The review units and delay the release of the Galaxy Fold indefinitely while it addressed the problems. Samsung officially detailed its design changes in July and released the phone in September 2019. The company claimed to have sold one million units since launch by December 2019, but Samsung later denied having sold 1 million units, and admitted having reported sales expectations as actual sales. A prototype of

1404-434: The screen. This resulted in "bulges" experienced by multiple reviewers, including Blick , and The Verge —whose screen was damaged in this manner. At Samsung's request, this teardown was removed from the website, although it was later reinstated after the re-release of the Galaxy Fold. A number of other reviewers damaged the screen by mistakenly removing one of the clear laminate layers that covers it. Samsung advised that

1443-410: The term "proof of concept" was by Bruce Carsten in the context of a "proof-of-concept prototype" in his magazine column "Carsten's Corner" (1989): Proof-of-Concept Prototype is a term that (I believe) I coined in 1984. It was used to designate a circuit constructed along lines similar to an engineering prototype, but one in which the intent was only to demonstrate the feasibility of a new circuit and/or

1482-481: The two halves totaling 4380 mAh (4235 mAh on the 5G model). The Galaxy Fold contains 6 cameras, using the same sensors equipped on the Galaxy S10+ , including three rear-facing camera lenses (12-megapixel wide angle, 12-megapixel 2x telephoto, and 16-megapixel ultra wide-angle), as well as a 10-megapixel front-facing camera on the cover, and a second 10-megapixel front-facing camera, accompanied by an RGB depth sensor, on

1521-467: Was flexible but inelegant, and buggy with certain apps on transitions between modes. In conclusion, he felt that the Galaxy Fold was "legitimately a marvelous thing to play with", but that the device was more of a status symbol than a legitimate consumer product. Review units showed a high rate of display failure; a teardown by iFixit noted that the crease contained noticeable gaps at the top and bottom, making it susceptible to foreign debris coming under

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