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104-450: Bataks Sundanese Javanese Batak English (by the expat community) Salatiga ( Javanese : ꦯꦭꦠꦶꦒ ) is a city in Central Java province, Indonesia. It covers an area of 54.98 km (21.23 sq mi) and had a population of 192,322 at the 2020 Census ; the official estimate as at mid 2023 was 201,369, comprising 99,872 males and 101,497 females. Located between

208-448: A datu or a guru must be called in. The begu are not immortal, since death also rules in the land of the dead: a begu dies seven times before it is changed into a straw and finally becomes earth. The Batak believe that three categories of begu exist. The bicara guru are the begu of stillborn babies or of babies who have died before teething. It is possible to turn bicara guru into guardian spirits if misfortune has befallen

312-430: A guru sibaso declares to the begu of the deceased that it is definitely dead and must take leave of its relatives. Wealthier families have their coffins (Karo: pelangkah ) made of the wood of the kemiri tree ( Aleurites moluccanus ), carved in the shape of a boat, its bow decorated with the carved head of a hornbill , or a horse, or a mythical beast known as a singa . The lid is then sealed with resin and

416-742: A dead city. As a small city between Solo and Semarang. Salatiga has adequate transportation facilities. With an area of approximately 56,781 km (21,923 sq mi), Salatiga has 423 units (updated 24 May 2016) of urban transportation (angkot). Angkot in the City of Salatiga is divided into 15 different routes which are centered in front of Ramayana Salatiga, Tamansari. These 15 routes have been able to cover all areas in Salatiga. Salatiga has three bus terminals For inter-city transportation, Salatiga has city buses Esto, Sawojajar, Konco Narimo, Tunas Mulya, Safari, Galaksi Taxi and Matra Taxi with destinations around

520-642: A fusion of Western and Javanese architecture, became known later as the 'Indies Style' from the Dutch East Indies. The Indies Style is the first form of a fusion of Dutch and local architecture which gave rise to the subsequent style of early Dutch Rationalist architecture in Indonesia. Despite its heritage and protected status, many of the Indies' country houses were left to deteriorate or were demolished, often due to lack of maintenance. Many of these houses were within

624-423: A gong, a particular piece of clothing, a water buffalo or a small holy place. The gifts are carefully cared for in order to keep the tendi satisfied. Tendi love the sound of the surdam (a bamboo flute). If a tendi has abandoned the body of a patient, the playing of the surdam in the raleng tendi ritual can contribute to the tendi returning to the body of the sick person. It must be emphasized that only

728-408: A hen fertilized by Mula Jadi . Two swallows act as messengers and helpers to Mula Jadi in his act of creation. Their functions vary in the different versions. Mula Jadi begets three daughters whom he gives as wives for his three sons. Mankind is the result of the union of the three couples. Besides the three sons of Mula Jadi there is another god, Asiasi , whose place and function in the world of

832-532: A large number of notable Batak have achieved prominent places and well-represented especially in the field of law, such as Adnan Buyung Nasution who founded the Lembaga Bantuan Hukum Jakarta (LBH Jakarta), Todung Mulya Lubis , Ruhut Sitompul and Hotman Paris Hutapea . Batak societies are patriarchally organized along clans known as Marga . A traditional belief among the Toba Batak

936-497: A northern branch comprising the Pakpak-Dairi , Alas-Kluet and Karo languages, which are similar to each other, and a distinct southern branch, comprising three mutually intelligible dialects: Toba , Angkola and Mandailing . Simalungun is an early offspring of the southern branch. Some Simalungun dialects can be understood by speakers of Batak Karo, whereas other dialects of Simalungun can be understood by speakers of Toba. This

1040-489: A perilous and hungry flight he arrived in a friendly village, and the food that was offered by his hosts was the flesh of two prisoners who had been slaughtered the day before, however he maintains that the Batak exaggerated their love of human flesh in order to frighten off would-be invaders and to gain occasional employment as mercenaries for the coastal tribes who were plagued by pirates . Oscar von Kessel visited Silindung in

1144-445: A population of 192,322; 95,025 of them were males and 97,297 were females. The official estimate as at mid 2023 was 201,369, comprising 99,872 males and 101,497 females. Religion in Salatiga (2019) As of 2019, Islam was the most practised religion in Salatiga (79.5%), followed by Protestantism (15.8%) and Catholicism (4.7%). Other religions ( Buddhism , Hinduism , Confucianism and aliran kepercayaan ) make up less than 1% of

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1248-460: A ransom in coin, they kill him and eat him straightway. The Venetian Niccolò de' Conti (1395–1469) spent most of 1421 in Sumatra in the course of a long trading journey to Southeast Asia (1414–1439), and wrote a brief description of the inhabitants: "In a part of the island called Batech live cannibals who wage continual war on their neighbors." Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles in the 1820s studied

1352-403: A result of black magic by a datu with evil intentions. In other words, the tendi is not tied to the body; it can also live for a time outside the body. The final loss of the tendi inevitably results in death. There are a variety of ideas about where exactly in the body the tendi dwells. It is present to a particularly high degree in certain parts of the body, especially the blood, the liver,

1456-418: A strayed ( nalilu ) Batak. Batak people are required to know their lineage or at least the ancestors of which the family name ( Marga (Batak) ) and the related clans ( dongan tubu ) came from. This is necessary in order to determine the relation of a kinship ( partuturanna ) within a clan or simply the surname ( Marga (Batak) ) itself. The Batak lands consist of North Sumatra province, excluding Nias island,

1560-524: A syncretic religion of Shaivism , Buddhism and local culture for thousands of years. The last Batak king who fought valiantly against Dutch imperialists until 1905 was an Indonesian Shaivite king. The Batak may be mentioned in Zhao Rugua 's 13th-century Description of the Barbarous Peoples , which refers to a 'Ba-ta' dependency of Srivijaya . The Suma Oriental , of the 15th century, also refers to

1664-572: A unique, delicious and popular choice. Sate Sapi Suruh is a popular street food vendor in Salatiga. Sate Sapi Suruh serves skewered beef grilled over a charcoal fire until tender. These satay are served with their specialty peanut sauce and lontong/ketupat (Rice wrapped banana leaf and steamed). Bakso Sari Roso ABC is located on Jl. Jendral Sudirman 274, Salatiga. Its location is very strategic that even people from outside Salatiga can quite easily locate this place. A portion of Bakso Sari Roso ABC contains just several beef bakso but, despite its simplicity,

1768-525: A wide range of occupations, from running modest tire service workshops to serving as state ministers. The modern Batak have gravitated towards professions such as bus and taxi drivers, mechanics, engineers, singers and musicians, writers and journalists, teachers, economists, scientists, military officers, and attorneys. Although the Batak are a minority among the Indonesian population (3.58%; only 8–9 million Batak people out of 236 million according 2010's census),

1872-534: Is 24 July 750 A.D. (the 31st date and 4th year of the Saka calendar ). The scroll Monolith of Plumpungan ( Prasasti Plumpungan in Sanskrit ) by King Bhanu, declares May you be happy! All the people (" Srir = astu swasti prajabhyah ") and designated village of Hampran (Desa Hampran) a Perdikan village (Desa Perdikan, meaning a tax-free village) . "Çrirastuswasti Prajabyah" is the official motto of Salatiga as written in

1976-519: Is a collective term used to identify a number of closely related Austronesian ethnic groups predominantly found in North Sumatra , Indonesia , who speak Batak languages . The term is used to include the Karo , Pakpak , Simalungun , Toba , Angkola , Mandailing and related ethnic groups with distinct languages and traditional customs ( adat ). While the archaeology of southern Sumatra testifies to

2080-510: Is a favorite choice for breakfast in Salatiga. One of the most popular soto in Salatiga is Soto Esto. Soto Esto is located at Jl. Langensuko No. 4, Salatiga. The difference between soto esto and other soto is that other soto places have clear soup, but soto esto uses coconut milk that makes it distinctly yellowish in color. A portion of soto esto contains rice, with Soto Esto’s signature soup, in combination with shredded chicken and bean sprouts, then sprinkled with chopped celery leaves. Keripik Paru

2184-495: Is a popular snack from Salatiga that is loved by Javanese people. Keripik Paru can be categorized as snack as well as a side dish. Keripik Paru is made from cow’s lung that has been thinly sliced then fried in a seasoned flour. People might be tricked by the appearance keripik paru before they taste its delicious savory flavor. Mayor's Office (Kantor Walikota) is located on Jl. Letjen Sukowati No. 74, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, 50724. Regional House of Representatives Office (Kantor DPRD)

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2288-419: Is around Rp 15,000 – Rp 35,000. Enting enting gepuk is an original, and unique light food/snack from Salatiga. Enting Enting Gepuk featured peanuts as its main ingredient. Enting Enting Gepuk in its triangular prism shape, and wrapped in paper is a Salatiga specialty. The flavor of it is sweet, tasty, a little savory, with a crunchy and crumbly texture, and the distinctive taste of peanut is very dominant. Soto

2392-528: Is cassava that is seasoned using spices ans mixed with cheese with various flavour varieties, making it a great quality and delicious product that many people outside Salatiga come to buy Singkong Keju D-9. Tumpang Koyor is an original food from Salatiga that is loved and enjoyed by locals. Tumpang Koyor is made from beef and brisket fat and cooked with various spices. Tumpang Koyor is a popular dish in Salatiga, therefore, you can easily find tumpang koyor anywhere in Salatiga. The price of one portion of tumpang koyor

2496-579: Is due to the existence of a linguistic continuum that often blurs the lines between the Batak dialects. Batak dialect still influences the dialects in Medan city today. The Batak possess their own script known as the Surat Batak . The writing has chiefly ceremonial importance within traditional religious ceremonies, and was subject to little change for this reason. It is likely that the Batak people originally received their writing system from southern Sumatra. In

2600-586: Is founded on the principles of pancasila , which requires the belief in 'one and only God', the practice of either Protestantism, Catholicism, Islam, Buddhism or Hinduism, one of which must be entered on an individual's KTP . Traditional religions are not officially recognised, and accordingly traditional religions are increasingly marginalised, although aspects of the traditional Batak religion are still practised alongside Christianity. There are many different versions in circulation. These were formerly passed down through oral tradition but have now been written down in

2704-580: Is located 48 km (30 mi) south of Semarang and 54 km (34 mi) north of Surakarta . Its elevation is between 450–800 metres. Salatiga has a tropical monsoon climate ( Am ) in the Köppen climate classification with the average rainfall of 2,668 mm (105.0 in) per year, the highest temperature in October (24.1 °C) and the lowest in January (22.4 °C). As of 2020, Salatiga had

2808-497: Is located on Jl. Hasanudin No. 114 B Salatiga. Office of Manpower (Kantor Dinas Tenaga Kerja) is located on Jl. Ki Penjawi No.12a, Sidorejo Lor, Sidorejo, Salatiga, 50714. Communication and Information Technology Office (Kantor Dinas Komunikasi dan Informatika) is located on Letjend., Jl. Sukowati No.51, Kalicacing, Sidomukti, Salatiga, 50724. Salatiga is traversed by provincial road that connects Semarang and Surakarta. Tingkir Terminal

2912-575: Is located on Jl. LMU Adisucipto No. 2, Salatiga. Following is the contact info: Ph. (0298) 324979, Fax. (0298) 324844. Public Health Office (Kantor Dinas Kesehatan) is located on Jl. Hasanudin No. 110 A, Mangunsari, Sidomukti, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, 50721 The role of the Service Office is to assist the Mayor in the performance of government affairs which fall under the health authority of the Region and to assist

3016-430: Is located on Jl. Pemuda No. 2, Salatiga. The role of the Service Office is to assist the Mayor in the performance of government affairs under the jurisdiction of the city in the field of population administration and civil registration, as well as in the tasks of assistance assigned to the region. Following is the contact info: Ph. (0298) 312650, Email: disdukcapil@salatiga.go.id. Education Office (Kantor Dinas Pendidikan)

3120-444: Is located on Jl. Sukowati No. 51, Kalicacing, Sidomukti, Salatiga, 50724 Courthouse (Kantor Pengadilan) is located on Jl. Veteran No. 6, Ledok, Kec. Argomulyo, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, 50732. Class 1B Salatiga Religious Court (Kantor Pengadilan Agama Salatiga Kelas 1B) is located on Jl. Lingkar Selatan, RT.014/RW.005, Jagalan, Cebongan, Kec. Argomulyo, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah, 5073. Civil Registry Service Office (Kantor Disdukcapil)

3224-481: Is regarded as the person's guardian spirit. Similar ideas about the afterbirth are also found among the Karo, who also bury the placenta and amniotic fluid under the house and regard them as two guardian spirits ( kaka and agi ) who always remain close to the person. All Batak regard the loss of tendi as signifying a great danger for "body and soul". Tendi can be separated from their owners through inattentiveness, or as

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3328-512: Is that they originate from one ancestor "Si Raja Batak", with all Margas descended from him. A family tree that defines the father-son relationship among Batak people is called tarombo . In contemporary Indonesia, the Batak people have a strong focus on education and a prominent position in the professions, particularly as teachers, engineers, doctors and lawyers. Toba Batak are known traditionally for their weaving , wood carving and especially ornate stone tombs. Before they became subjects of

3432-434: Is the main bus station in Salatiga, serving intercity buses. The Tamansari Terminal serves angkot (share taxis), even though most of the angkot did not stop at the terminal. The Semarang–Solo Toll Road section Bawen-Salatiga was inaugurated on 25 September 2017. There is a plan to build a junction with the toll road at Pattimura Street, closer to the city centre than the current junction, to prevent Salatiga from becoming

3536-532: Is usually reached by an external staircase and often the central portion was left open for maximum ventilation; as well as tall windows with louvered shutters. The style was also popular in Sumatra. Samples include Rumah Cililitan Besar (1775), which is still in existence, although deteriorating. Other examples are Pondok Gedeh country house and Cengkareng country house. Also known as Indo-European house ( Indo Europeesche Stijl ) or Indische stijl , this type appeared between 1790 and 1820. The form represents

3640-532: The 2010 Census and 2020 Census , together with the official estimates as at mid 2023. The table also includes the locations of the district administrative centes, the number of administrative villages (all classed as urban kelurahan ) within each district, and its post codes. Bordering Salatiga are the following districts of Semarang Regency: All these districts are located in Semarang Regency, making Salatiga an enclave within Semarang Regency. Salatiga

3744-535: The Toba and Karo on the other hand the evidence in the writings of missionaries and colonial administrators is relatively abundant. Information on the traditional forms of Batak religion is derived mainly from the writings of German and Dutch missionaries who became increasingly concerned with Batak beliefs towards the end of the 19th century. Various influences affected the Batak through their contact with Tamil and Javanese traders and settlers in southern Batakland, and

3848-441: The agama si dekah , the old religion, which is also called perbegu or pemena . Dalihan Na Tolu (three-legged furnace) is the philosophy of life of the Batak people. It consisted of three general rules in Batak society. Those are: The essence of this teachings is the moral code contains the teachings of mutual respect ( masipasangapon ) with the support of the moral rule: mutual respect and helpfulness. Ritual cannibalism

3952-461: The begu continue to live near their previous dwelling (in a village of the dead which is thought to be situated not far from the cemetery) and that they may contact their descendants. Bad dreams, particular misfortune and such like may be signs that the begu of an ancestor is not satisfied with the behavior of its descendants. Any individual can attempt to pacify an enraged begu by means of food and drink offerings and prayers. If this does not work,

4056-436: The begu understand that from now on its world is separate from that of its kin. Symbolically this is done by reversing the mat on which the corpse is laid out so that the body lies with its head at the foot of the mat. Thumbs and toes respectively are tied together and the body is rubbed all over with camphor and its orifices stopped with camphor , then it is wrapped in a white cotton cloth. During this perumah begu ceremony

4160-437: The datuk are in a position to interpret and influence people's tendi correctly. If their endeavors are unsuccessful, then clearly the tendi has chosen another destiny for itself. At death the tendi leaves the human body through the fontanelle and the "death-soul" ( begu ) is set free. It is thought that the tendi vanishes and after the death of any human being only the begu continues to exist. The Batak believe that

4264-494: The neo-classical Tuscan columns supporting the large roof overhang and the decorated doors and windows. The style was replicated all around the archipelago in the later period. One of the few surviving examples is the dilapidated Cimanggis house, whose roof collapsed before 2013. Other examples are Japan House (built for Andries Hartsinck by the end of 18th century, demolished in 1996), Tjitrap (Citeureup) house, Telukpucung house, Camis house and Tjilodong (Cilodong) house. With

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4368-463: The tendi itself before birth. Various myths are woven around manner in which the tendi choose their destiny from Mula Jadi . Warneck, a missionary and for a long time superintendent ( ephorus ) of the Batak Church, recorded two particularly expressive myths in his major work on Batak religion. What is significant is that the tendi themselves are responsible for their destiny: Among the Karo and

4472-476: The world economic depression of the 1930s . To reduce the city's spending the salaries of government officials were cut by up to 15%. Salatiga had an important economic role as a hinterland to Semarang, providing agricultural products like coffee, rubber, cacao, cotton, spices, tobacco, wheat and vegetables to Semarang to be processed. Supported by geographical factors, its mostly mild climate and its luxurious buildings with Indies architecture , Salatiga's beauty

4576-444: The "Battas". Marco Polo's stay was restricted to the coastal areas, and he never ventured inland to directly verify such claims. Despite never personally witnessing these events, he was nonetheless willing to pass on descriptions which were provided to him, in which a condemned man was eaten: "They suffocate him. And when he is dead they have him cooked, and gather together all the dead man's kin, and eat him. And I assure you they do suck

4680-481: The 1840s and in 1844 was probably the first European to observe a Batak cannibalistic ritual in which a convicted adulterer was eaten alive. His description parallels that of Marsden in some important respects, however von Kessel states that cannibalism was regarded by the Batak as a judicial act and its application was restricted to very narrowly defined infringements of the law including theft, adultery , spying or treason. Salt, red pepper and lemons had to be provided by

4784-472: The Batak and their rituals and laws regarding the consumption of human flesh, writing in detail about the transgressions that warranted such an act as well as their methods. Raffles stated that "It is usual for the people to eat their parents when too old to work," and that for certain crimes a criminal would be eaten alive: "The flesh is eaten raw or grilled, with lime, salt and a little rice." The German physician and geographer Franz Wilhelm Junghuhn visited

4888-412: The Batak lands between 1840 and 1841. Junghuhn says about cannibalism among the Batak (whom he called "Battaer"): "People do the honest Battaer an injustice when it is said that they sell human flesh in the markets, and that they slaughter their old people as soon as they are unfit for work...They eat human flesh only in wartime, when they are enraged, and in a few legal instances." Junghuhn tells how after

4992-440: The Batak was agriculture , hunting and farming. The great lake of Toba provided vast opportunity for freshwater aquaculture since ancient times. Interior rural Batak communities relied heavily on rice farming, horticulture and other plant and commercial crops, and to some extent, acquiring forest products, such as hard wood, plant resin, and wild animals. The port of Barus on the western coast of Batak lands has become famous as

5096-573: The Europeans, the Chinese and the natives. Salatiga was led by a burgermeester (mayor), assisted by College van Burgermeester en Wethouders . There was a legislative body, the Stadsgemeenteraad ; however, its membership was not proportional, with 8 seats for the Europeans, 1 seat for the Chinese, and only 2 seats for the natives who form the majority of the people. The economy of Salatiga was hampered by

5200-582: The Muslim Minangkabau of West Sumatra , while to the north there are various Muslim Acehnese peoples. The various Batak cultures differ in their pre-colonial religious ideas as they do in many other aspects of culture. Information about the old religious ideas of the Mandailing and Angkola in southern Batakland is incomplete, and very little is known about the religion of the Pakpak and Simalungun Batak. For

5304-457: The Toba Batak, most expert in agriculture, must have migrated to meet demand in new areas. The increasing importance of rice had religious significance, which increased the power of the Batak high priests, who had responsibility for ensuring agricultural success. The Batak speak a variety of closely related languages, all members of the Austronesian language family . There are two major branches,

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5408-456: The Toba and Karo Batak the gods and the creation of mankind are far less significant than the complex concepts connected with the tendi (Karo) or tondi (Toba) and the begu . Probably the most useful translations of these terms are "life-soul" and "death-soul". A person receives his "life-soul" ( tendi ) from Mula Jadi Na Bolon before he is born. The destiny of the individual tendi is decided by

5512-411: The Toba there are sometimes widely diverging versions of where the tendi dwells and how many tendi there are. According to the Toba a person has seven tendi . The second tendi is found in the placenta and amniotic fluid of the new-born baby, and accordingly the afterbirth is given special attention after the birth of a child. It is usually buried under the house, is called saudara (brother) and

5616-615: The broader context of national language, the modern Batak authors are well-known as the outstanding Malay-speaking writers that shape modern Malay into the national concept of Bahasa Indonesia ( Indonesian language ) and its literary canon. These include novelist Merari Siregar ( Azab dan Sengsara ), Muhammad Kasim Dalimunte ( Teman Doedoek ), Soeman Hasiboean ( Kawan Bergeloet and Mentjahari Pentjoeri Anak Perawan ), Mochtar Lubis ( Senja di Jakarta ) and Iwan Simatupang ( Ziarah ); poets Sitor Situmorang ; as well as literary critic Bakri Siregar . The traditional occupation of

5720-530: The building of the National Archives of Indonesia ), and Jan Schreuder country house. These Nederlands-Indische stijl appeared between 1750 and 1800. Their structure and form show acculturation to the tropical climate. Still a two-story structure, the facades are protected from the sun and heavy rain by a large overhanging roof on all sides. The roof profile resembles the local joglo -style roof traditionally reserved for Javanese noblemen. The upper floor

5824-519: The cities of Semarang and Surakarta , and administratively an independent city enclaved within Semarang Regency , it sits at the foot of Mount Merbabu (3,142 m (10,308 ft)) and Mount Telomoyo , and has a relatively cool climate due to its elevated position. Salatiga is a part of the Semarang metropolitan area . Salatiga is thought to be named either after the goddess of Trisala, or after

5928-543: The city of Salatiga. Jalan Linkar Selatan Salatiga (Salatiga’s Ring Road) runs from the northwestern end of the city to the southeastern end. It runs 11.3 km (7.0 mi) long in an arc around the southwestern edge of the city. [1] Jalan Lingkar Selatan Salatiga was planned in 1994 and was finalized in 1999. Construction only began in 2005 and was completed in 2016. [2] Clean water is supplied by PDAM Salatiga. The water comes from Kaliombo, Senjoyo, Kali Golek Senjoyo, and Kaligetak water springs. Bataks Batak

6032-472: The coffin may be placed in a special location near the family's house until a reburial ceremony can take place. Families that are not wealthy use simple wooden coffins or wrap the body in a straw mat. Landhuis#Indies Style They were conceived as replicas of the Dutch architecture . Later, designs included features from Javanese vernacular architecture , partly in response to the tropical climate. The result,

6136-508: The colonial Dutch East Indies government, the Batak had a reputation for being fierce warriors. Today the Batak are mostly Christian with a Muslim minority. Currently the largest Christian congregation in Indonesia is the HKBP ( Huria Kristen Batak Protestan ) Christian church. The dominant Christian theology was brought by Lutheran German missionaries in the 19th century, including the well-known missionary Ludwig Ingwer Nommensen . Christianity

6240-672: The complex owned by the National Police . Many were transformed into dormitories with improper preservation. In 17th century Netherlands, the increasing importance of Holland as a major maritime nation with a growing commercial empire, particularly in the East, had generated capital for the merchant classes of Amsterdam . These increasingly wealthy merchants began to invest their profits in second residences outside Amsterdam. This second residence, or landhuizen , ranged from modest rural retreats to luxurious manor houses, and were typically seated along

6344-428: The data collected in 2016. From lowest to highest divided according to regions, Argomulyo with the lowest economy (Rp 368,741). Sidomukti with Rp 424,301.65, Tingkir with Rp 541,630.14, and the highest, Sidorejo, with Rp 697,593,54. There is an emerging processing industry that includes textile, tires and animal slaughter in Salatiga. In 2000, this industry contributes Rp. 119.76 billion to

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6448-569: The dissolution of the VOC , country houses became less popular. During the 19th century, two groups of architectural movements occupied the Dutch East Indies: the universally accepted but fading Neoclassical style , appropriate for a colonial empire; and the Modernist , which gave rise to a neo-vernacular school that combined with Art Deco to create a tropical style dubbed as New Indies Style . Whereas

6552-459: The early 20th century. In 1890 the Dutch colonial government banned cannibalism in the regions under their control. Rumors of Batak cannibalism survived into the early 20th century but it seems probable that the custom was rare after 1816, due partially to the influence of Islam . Family tree or lineage is a very important thing for the Batak, as those who do not know the lineage will be considered as

6656-421: The earth became broad and long. But the goddess was not able to enjoy her rest for long. The earth had been spread out on the head of Naga Padoha , the dragon of the underworld who lived in the water. He groaned under the weight and attempted to get rid of it by rolling around. The earth was softened by water and threatened to be utterly destroyed. With the help of Mula Jadi and by her own cunning Sideak Parudjar

6760-434: The earth. She flees from her intended husband, the lizard-shaped son of Mangalabulan , and lets herself down on a spun thread from the sky to the middle world which at that time was still just a watery waste. She refuses to go back but feels very unhappy. Out of compassion Mula Jadi sends his granddaughter a handful of earth so that she can find somewhere to live. Sideak Parudjar was ordered to spread out this earth and thus

6864-538: The east and west coast near Barus and Tapanuli , in particular the large Padang Lawas temple complex in Tapanuli. These contacts took place many centuries ago and it is impossible to reconstruct just how far the religious ideas of these foreigners were adopted and reworked by the Batak. It is suggested that the Batak adopted aspects of these religions, specifically Mahayana Buddhist , Shaivist , and Tantrist practices within their own customs. The modern Indonesian state

6968-716: The economy of Salatiga. Salatiga is located at the intersection to and from Semarang , Surakarta and Yogyakarta , benefiting its trade sector. In 2000, the trade sector contributes Rp 109 billion to the economy of Salatiga. The following are examples of industries within each category in Salatiga: This dessert is one of the most popular dishes in Salatiga. Ronde sekoteng jago is made of 9 different ingredients which consist of ginger, sugar, ronde (sticky rice ball filled with crushed peanut), dried fruits, sagu delima (tapioca pearl), kolang-kaling (sugar palm fruit), and seaweed. That variety of ingredients makes ronde sekoteng jago

7072-426: The existence of neolithic settlers, it seems that the northern part of Sumatra was settled by agriculturalists at a considerably later stage. Although the Batak are often considered to be isolated peoples due to their location inland, away from the influence of seafaring European colonials, there is evidence that they have been involved in trade with neighbouring kingdoms for a millennium or more. The Bataks practiced

7176-430: The family of the child shortly after its death. With the help of a guru sibaso , the bicara guru can be made the family's guardian spirit for which a shrine is provided and to which sacrifices are regularly made. Once a year the bicara guru is accorded a special feast, preceded by ritual hair washing. The begu of members of the family who have had a sudden death ( mate sada-uari ) can also act as guardian spirits for

7280-478: The family. They include the victims of accidents, suicides, murder victims, or people struck by lightning. A shrine is built where they are venerated and where sacrifices are made. A third category consists of the begu of dead virgins ( tungkup ). Their graves, called bata-bata or ingan tungkup , are maintained for a long time by their relatives. Batak burial traditions are very rich and complex. Immediately after death various ritual actions are performed to make

7384-524: The first regent of Semarang , who was robbed by three muggers, and he thus named the location Salah Telu . Salah means wrong in both Indonesian and Javanese . Telu is Low Javanese for three , spelled is tiga in both the more refined Middle/High Javanese (but pronounced /tigo/ in Javanese respectively /tiga/ in Indonesian). Hence the name Salatiga from Salah Tiga. The official birth date of Salatiga

7488-467: The flavor it presents is loved by locals and visitors alike. Bakpao Luber is located at Jl. Sukowati No. 5, Kalicacing, Salatiga. Bakpao Luber is a Chinese steamed bun filled with various fillings. Bakpao luber offers lots of bakpao fillings, but most people choose chocolate and cheese as their favorite. The price of one bakpao is around Rp 10,000 – Rp 12,000. Singkong Keju D-9 is located at Jl. Argowiyoto No. 8A, Ledok, Salatiga. Singkong Keju D-9

7592-477: The fusion of Dutch and indigenous (Javanese) style. Indies-style country houses were usually built as a single-story structure with front verandahs ( pringgitan ) and rear verandahs ( gadri ), covered by a joglo -type pitched roof that extended over the verandahs. Often the verandahs were connected to side galleries for weather protection. The verandah often had potted palms, cool concrete or marble tiles covered with split bamboo mats. The western reference appears in

7696-417: The gods remains largely unclear. There is some evidence that Asiasi can be seen as the balance and unity of the trinity of gods. The ruler of the underworld, i. e. the primeval sea, is the serpent-dragon Naga Padoha . He too existed before the beginning and seems to be the opponent of Mula Jadi . As ruler of the underworld Naga Padoha also has an important function in the creation of the earth. What all

7800-540: The government seal. In 1746, the Dutch East India Company ( Vereenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie , VOC) built De Hersteller fort in Salatiga because Salatiga was strategically located at the intersection between Semarang , Surakarta and Magelang . On 1 July 1917 the village of Salatiga was designated as a stads gemeente or small town by the Dutch East Indies government. In the colonial era, Salatiga

7904-576: The governmental affairs of the city of Salatiga in the cultural and tourism sector on the basis of the concept of regional autonomy. They have the authority to grant permits relating to cultural fields, such as cultural events, the conversion of historic buildings and others. Following is the contact info: Ph. (0298) 3432437. Transportation Service Office (Kantor Dinas Perhubungan) is located on Jl. Magersari No.166, Tegalrejo, Kec. Argomulyo, Salatiga, 50724. Women's Empowerment and Child Safety Office (Kantor Dinas Pemberdayaan Perempuan dan Perlindungan Anak)

8008-400: The head and the heart. Sweat too is described as rich in tendi . It is believed that illnesses are connected with the absence of tendi , and the bringing back of the tendi is a main method of healing. The Karo, for instance, have gifts, called upah tendi ( upah = wage, payment, gift), which they give to their tendi so that their tendi stay with them. These gifts may consist of a knife,

8112-613: The historically Malay kingdoms of the east coast and the western coast of Minangkabau people . In addition, part of the Karo lands extend into modern-day East Aceh Regency in Aceh province, while parts of the Mandailing lands lie in Rokan Hulu Regency in Riau . Significant numbers of Batak have migrated in recent years to prosperous neighbouring Riau province. To the south of North Sumatra are

8216-500: The kingdom of Bata, bounded by Pasai and the Aru kingdom . Based on this evidence, the Batak may have been involved in procuring important commodities for trade with China , perhaps from the 8th or 9th centuries and continuing for the next thousand years, with Batak men carrying the products on their backs for sale at ports. It has been suggested that the important port of Barus in Tapanuli

8320-501: The late 19th century observed a few instances of cannibalism and wrote lurid descriptions to their home parishes in order to raise donations for further missions. The growing Dutch influence in northern Sumatra led to increased Malay influence in coastal trade and plantations, pushing the Karo farther inland. Growing ethnic tensions culminated in the 1872 Karo Rebellion where the Karo were suppressed by Dutch and Malay forces. Despite this, Karo resistance to Dutch imperialism lingered into

8424-481: The local languages. There are also large collections of Batak tales collected by European scholars since the mid-19th century and recorded in European languages, mostly Dutch. At the beginning of time there was only the sky with a great sea beneath it. In the sky lived the gods and the sea was the home of a mighty underworld dragon Naga Padoha . The earth did not yet exist and human beings, too, were as yet unknown. All

8528-615: The middle 17th century. The first houses were simple structures, but as time went by, these became opulent country houses in luxurious pleasure gardens, often with their own music pavilion and belfry. The Indies Style appeared very pronounced in the country houses of the Dutch Indies. This style appeared in late 18th-century and gradually adapted to the tropical climate. The style can be divided into three major archetypes: Dutch Style country houses, Transitional Dutch Indies country houses, and Indies style country houses. At least one of each of

8632-679: The pekualuh secondary cremation ritual being specific to the Karo and Dairi people. Moreover the Pustaka Kembaren, an origin story of the Sembiring Kembaren suggests linkages with Pagarruyung in Minangkabau Highlands . From the 16th century onward, Aceh increased the production of pepper , an important export commodity, in exchange for rice, which grew well in the Batak wetlands. Batak people in different areas cultivated either sawah (wet rice fields) or ladang (dry rice), and

8736-514: The population. Salatiga is repeatedly called "one of the most tolerant cities in Indonesia" and is one of the few cities in Java to hold outdoor Christian festivals during Christmas. On Christmas, an event is held where tens of thousands of congregates from 96 churches within the city gather to worship and celebrate Christmas together in Lapangan Pancasila. The main cause for this event is to tighten

8840-631: The present-day Karo and Simalungun 'frontier' lands, where they were exposed to greater influence from visiting Tamil traders, while the migration of Batak to the Angkola-Mandailing lands may have been prompted by 8th-century Srivijayan demand for camphor . The Karo marga or tribe Sembiring "black one" is believed to originate from their ties with Tamil traders, with specific Sembiring sub-marga, namely Brahmana, Colia, Pandia, Depari, Meliala, Muham, Pelawi, and Tekan all of Indian origin. Tamil influence on Karo religious practices are also noted, with

8944-733: The relationship between the churches. Even though it is meant to promote a feeling of unity in the Christian community, the service is open to the public for anyone to join, giving Christmas time a more beautiful sentiment. Salatiga is mainly inhabited by the Javanese , with a sizeable minority of Chinese Indonesians and some Bataks from North Sumatra . As a university town, it also hosts an assembly of other ethnicities from as far as Borneo and New Guinea . In total, there are about 30 ethnicities in Salatiga. Salatiga’s economy rate increased by 22.38% from 2014-2016. About 2 billion  rupiah from

9048-451: The relatives of the victim as a sign that they accepted the verdict of the community and were not thinking of revenge . Ida Laura Pfeiffer visited the Batak in August 1852 and although she did not observe any cannibalism, she was told that: Samuel Munson and Henry Lyman, American Baptist missionaries to the Batak, were cannibalized in 1834. Dutch and German missionaries to the Batak in

9152-503: The rivers Amstel and Vecht . In Batavia , a similar trend occurred in the middle 18th century. When Batavia grew increasingly unhealthy during the 18th century, wealthy Dutch East India Company officials were the first to flee and build grand houses in the surrounding countryside, typically situated between the rivers and roads that led into Batavia. The officials of the Dutch East India Company built country houses outside

9256-406: The six gods so far mentioned have in common is that they play a minor role in ritual. They do not receive any sacrificial offerings from the faithful and no places of sacrifice are built for them. They are merely called on in prayers for help and assistance. The origin of the earth and of mankind is connected mainly with the daughter of Batara Guru , Sideak Parujar , who is the actual creator of

9360-438: The source of kapur barus ( camphor ). In ancient times, Batak warriors were often recruited by neighboring Malay courts as mercenaries. In the colonial era, the Dutch introduced commercial cash crops, such as coffee, sawit palm oil , and rubber , converting some parts of the Batak land into plantations. Throughout the history of modern Indonesia, the Batak community has been a significant contributor. Batak people have filled

9464-471: The styles survived as of 2015. Country houses in the Dutch Style ( Nederlandse stijl ) were popular between 1730 and 1770. They are typically a two-story structure of near replicas of their Dutch counterparts. The Dutch influences are evident in the hipped roof , closed and solid facade and high windows. They often came with belfries, a musical pavilion and a European pleasure garden. The only concession to

9568-443: The surviving myths record that at the beginning of creation stands the god Mula Jadi Na Bolon . His origin remains uncertain. A rough translation of the name is the "beginning of becoming". The creation of everything that exists can be traced back to him. Mula Jadi lives in the upper world which is usually thought of as divided into seven levels. His three sons, Batara Guru , Mangalabulan and Soripada were born from eggs laid by

9672-423: The tasks assigned to the Region in the area of health. Youth and Sports Office (Kantor Dinas Kepemudaan dan Olahraga) is located on Jl. LMU Adi Sucipto No. 2 (Gor Pelajar Hati Beriman), Salatiga, 50711. Department of Tourism and Culture (Kantor Dinas Kebudayaan dan Pariwisata) is located on Jl. Diponegoro No.37, Salatiga, Sidorejo, Kec. Sidorejo. The Office of Culture and Tourism is responsible for carrying out

9776-453: The three wrongs done to the first king of Semarang. In the first explanation, the people of the village celebrate the goddess of Siddhadewi, who is mentioned in the Monolith of Plumpungan . Siddhadewi was also called Trisala , so the village was called Trisala and in the years to come became Salatri and eventually Salatiga. The second explanation is based on the story of Ki Ageng Pandanaran,

9880-480: The tropical climate is the relatively large roof overhang compared with the originals. Unlike their Dutch counterparts, Batavian estates included extensive ancillary quarters to accommodate servants, often in the rear of the house. The interior was usually larger than its Dutch counterpart, with a much taller ceiling. Samples are Weltevreden country house, Groeneveld House in Condet, Reynier de Klerck country house (now

9984-400: The two have grown up their divine parents return to the upper world leaving the couple behind on the earth. Mankind is the result of their incestuous union. The couple settle on Pusuk Buhit, a volcano on the western shore of Lake Toba , and found the village of Si Anjur Mulamula. The mythological ancestor of the Batak, Si Raja Batak is one of their grandchildren. In the religious world of

10088-399: The very bones till not a particle of marrow remains in them...And so they eat him up stump and rump. And when they have thus eaten him they collect his bones and put them in fine chests, and carry them away, and place them in caverns among the mountains where no beast nor other creature can get at them. And you must know also that if they take prisoner a man of another country, and he cannot pay

10192-456: The walled city Batavia when the Ommelanden (the hinterland that lay immediately beyond the walled city) had been pacified and kept free from attacks by Javanese insurgents, who were trying to evict the Dutch occupiers. This was achieved by establishing a circular line of fortified field posts at places like Antjol, Jacatra, Noordwijk, Rijswijk, Angke, and Vijfhoek; most of which were established in

10296-676: Was stratified by race . The Europeans lived near the city centre, at the Toentangscheweg (Toentang Road) leading to Semarang and also near to Dutch plantations in the Salatiga Afdeling. The Chinese were based near the trading centre, the Kalicacing Market, at the Soloscheweg (Solo Road). Native people were bound to live outside the European and Chinese communities. The education system was divided accordingly, with different schools for

10400-424: Was able to overcome the dragon. She thrust a sword into the body of Naga Padoha up to the hilt and laid him in an iron block. Whenever Naga Padoha twists in the fetters an earthquake occurs. After the lizard-shaped son of Mangalabulan , the husband the gods intended for her, had taken another name and another form, Sideak Parujar marries him. Sideak Parujar becomes the mother of twins of different sexes. When

10504-446: Was introduced to the Karo by Dutch Calvinist missionaries, and their largest church is the GBKP ( Gereja Batak Karo Protestan ). The Mandailing and Angkola Batak were converted to Islam in the early 19th century during the reign of Minangkabaus Padri . A significant minority of Batak people do not adhere to either Christianity or Islam, however, and follow traditional practices known as

10608-527: Was populated by Batak people. A Tamil inscription has been found in Barus which is dated to 1088, while contact with Chinese and Tamil traders took place at Kota Cina , a trading town located in what is now northern Medan that was established in the 11th century, and comprising 10,000 people by the 12th century. Tamil remains have been found on key trade routes to the Batak lands. These trading opportunities may have caused migration of Batak from Pakpak and Toba to

10712-486: Was well documented among pre-colonial Batak people, being performed in order to strengthen the eater's tendi . In particular, the blood, heart, palms and soles of the feet were seen as rich in tendi . In Marco Polo ’s memoirs of his stay on the east coast of Sumatra (then called Java Minor) from April to September 1292, he mentions an encounter with hill folk whom he refers to as "man-eaters". From secondary sources, Marco Polo recorded stories of ritual cannibalism among

10816-643: Was well known during the Dutch colonisation, even it was called De Schoonste Stad van Midden-Java (The Most Beautiful City in Central Java). Before 1992, Salatiga comprised a single administrative district ( kecamatan ), the Salatiga District. According to Government Regulation No. 69 of 1992, 13 villages from Semarang Regency were moved into Salatiga, and Salatiga District was dissolved. There are now four districts: Argomulyo, Tingkir, Sidomukti, and Sidorejo. These are tabulated below with their population at

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