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32-550: Saint Stanislaus or Saint Stanisław may refer to: Stanislaus of Szczepanów (1030–79), bishop and martyr Stanisław Kazimierczyk (1433–89), canon regular Stanislaus Kostka (1550–68), Jesuit See also [ edit ] St. Stanislaus Church (disambiguation) Order of Saint Stanislaus (disambiguation) Stanislav (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Saint Stanislaus All pages with titles containing Saint Stanislaus Topics referred to by

64-576: A major religious effort, such as an ecumenical council , a crusade to the Holy Land, or even against a heresy such as the Cathars . The term legation is applied both to a legate's mandate and to the territory concerned (such as a state, or an ecclesiastical province). The relevant adjective is legatine . In the High Middle Ages , papal legates were often used to strengthen the links between Rome and

96-500: A multitude of witnesses, Stanislaus made Piotr rise, and Piotr did so. Piotr was then dressed in a cloak and brought before King Bolesław to testify on Stanislaus' behalf. The dumbfounded court heard Piotr reprimand his three sons and testify that Stanislaus had indeed paid for the land. Unable to give any other verdict, the King dismissed the suit against the bishop. Stanislaus asked Piotr whether he would remain alive, but Piotr declined and so

128-479: A supposed date of the saint's death, having done so since 8 May 1254, when it was attended by many Polish bishops and princes. In 1969, the Church moved the feast to 11 April, considered to be the date of his death in 1079. As the first native Polish saint, Stanislaus is the patron of Poland and Kraków, and of some Polish dioceses. He shares the patronage of Poland with Saint Adalbert of Prague , Florian , and Our Lady

160-530: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Stanislaus of Szczepan%C3%B3w Stanislaus of Szczepanów ( Polish : Stanisław ze Szczepanowa ; 26 July 1030 – 11 April 1079) was a Polish Catholic prelate who served as Bishop of Kraków and was martyred by the Polish King Bolesław II the Bold . He is the patron saint of Poland. Stanislaus

192-539: Is little information about Stanislaus's life. The only near-contemporary source was a chronicle of Gallus Anonymus , but the author evaded writing details about a conflict with the king. Later sources are the chronicles of Wincenty Kadłubek , and two hagiographies by Wincenty of Kielcza . All contain hagiographic matter. The cult of Saint Stanislaus the Martyr began immediately upon his death. In 1245 his relics were translated ( i.e. , moved) to Kraków's Wawel Cathedral . In

224-689: Is the apostolic nuncio , whose task it is to strengthen relations between the Holy See and the Catholic Church in a particular country and at the same time to act as the diplomatic representative of the Holy See to the government of that country. An apostolic nuncio is generally equivalent in rank to that of ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary , although in Catholic countries the nuncio often ranks above ambassadors in diplomatic protocol. A nuncio performs

256-462: Is usually depicted as a bishop holding a sword , the instrument of his martyrdom, and sometimes with Piotr rising from the dead at his feet. Papal legate The legate is appointed directly by the Pope—the Bishop of Rome and head of the Catholic Church. Hence a legate is usually sent to a government, a sovereign or to a large body of believers (such as a national church) or to take charge of

288-727: Is venerated in the Catholic Church as Stanislaus the Martyr (as distinct from the 16th-century Jesuit , Stanislaus Kostka ). According to hagiographic tradition, Stanislaus, or Stanisław in Polish, was born at Szczepanów , a village in Lesser Poland , the only son of the noble and pious Wielisław and Bogna. He was educated at a cathedral school in Gniezno (then the capital of Poland) and later, probably at Paris. On his return to Poland, Stanislaus

320-519: The Dictatus papae , a papal legate "presides over all bishops in a council, even if he is inferior in rank, and he can pronounce sentence of deposition against them". During the Middle Ages , a legatine council was the usual means that a papal legate imposed his directives. There are several ranks of papal legates in diplomacy, some of which are no longer used. The most common form of papal legate today

352-604: The Christianization of Poland. Stanislaus initial conflict with King Bolesław was over a land dispute. Stanislaus had purchased for the diocese a piece of land on the banks of the Vistula River near Lublin from a certain Peter ( Piotr ), but after Piotr's death the land had been claimed by his family. The King ruled for the claimants, but according to legend, Stanislaus resurrected Piotr so that he could confirm that he had sold

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384-603: The Deluge but was replaced with a new one c. 1670. Saint Stanislaus' veneration has had great patriotic importance. In the period of Poland's feudal fragmentation , it was believed that Poland would one day reintegrate as had the members of his body. Half a millennium after Poland had indeed reintegrated, while yet another dismemberment of the polity was underway in the Partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth ,

416-401: The deanship of that country's diplomatic corps to the nuncio regardless of seniority. Pro-nuncio was a term used from 1965 to 1991 for a papal diplomatic representative of full ambassadorial rank accredited to a country that did not accord him precedence over other ambassadors and ex officio deanship of the diplomatic corps. In those countries, the papal representative's precedence within

448-627: The (pope's) side", i.e. "intimately" trusted) is normally awarded to a priest of cardinal rank . It is an exceptional investiture and can either be focused or broad in scope. The legate a latere is the alter ego of the Pope, and as such, possesses full plenipotentiary powers. Literally "born legate", i.e. not nominated individually but ex officio , namely a bishop holding this rank as a privilege of his see, e.g. archbishops of Canterbury (pre- Reformation ), Prague , Esztergom , Udine , Salzburg , Gniezno and Cologne . The legatus natus would act as

480-536: The King's political opponents, and the King accused Bishop Stanislaus of treason and the royal court found him guilty. King Bolesław sent his men to execute Bishop Stanislaus but when they didn't dare to touch the bishop, the King decided to kill the bishop himself. He is said to have slain Stanislaus while he was celebrating Mass in the Skałka outside the walls of Kraków. According to Paweł Jasienica: Polska Piastów , it

512-453: The Pope's representative in his province, with a legatus a latere only being sent in extraordinary circumstances. Although limited in their jurisdiction compared to legati a latere , a legatus natus was not subordinate to them. Literally "sent legate", possessing limited powers for the purpose of completing a specific mission. This commission is normally focused in scope and of short duration. Some administrative (temporal) provinces of

544-527: The Queen of Poland. Wawel Cathedral , which holds the saint's relics, became a principal national shrine. Almost all of the Polish kings from Władysław I the Elbow-high were crowned while they knelt before his sarcophagus, which stands in the middle of the cathedral. In the 17th century, King Władysław IV Vasa commissioned an ornate silver coffin to hold the saint's relics. It was destroyed by Swedish troops during

576-509: The bishop had in fact criticized the King for his own sexual immorality. Gallus Anonymus , in his laconic account, only condemned both the "traitor bishop" and the violent king. Whatever the actual cause of the conflict between them, the result was that the bishop excommunicated King Bolesław, which included forbidding the saying of the Divine Office by the canons of Kraków Cathedral in case Bolesław attended. The excommunication aided

608-402: The corps is exactly on a par with that of the other members of ambassadorial rank, so that he becomes dean only on becoming the senior member of the corps. For countries with which the Holy See has no diplomatic relations, an apostolic delegate is sent to serve as a liaison with the Catholic Church in that country, though not accredited to its government. This highest rank (literally "from

640-586: The early 13th century, Bishop Iwo Odrowąż initiated preparations for Stanislaus' canonization and ordered Wincenty of Kielce to write the martyr's vita . Stanislaus of Kraków was canonized by Pope Innocent IV at Assisi in 1253. Pope Pius V did not include the saint's feast day in the Tridentine calendar for use throughout the Roman Catholic Church . Subsequently, Pope Clement VIII inserted it, setting it for 7 May, but Kraków observes it on 8 May,

672-808: The framers of the Polish Constitution of 3 May 1791 , would dedicate this progressive political document to Saint Stanislaus, whose feast day fell close to the date of the Constitution's adoption. Each year on the first Sunday after 8 May, a procession, led by the Bishop of Kraków, goes out from Wawel to the Church on the Rock . The procession, once a local event, was popularized in the 20th century by Polish Primate Stefan Wyszyński and Archbishop of Kraków, Karol Wojtyła . Wojtyla, as Pope John Paul II , called Saint Stanislaus

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704-510: The land and led to the dethronement of King Bolesław II the Generous , who had to seek refuge in Hungary and was succeeded by his brother, Władysław I Herman . Whether Stanislaus should be regarded as a traitor or a hero remains one of the classic unresolved questions of Polish history. His story has a parallel in the murder of Thomas Becket in 1170 by henchmen of England's King Henry II . There

736-576: The land to the bishop. According to Augustin Calmet , an 18th-century Bible scholar , Stanislaus asked the King for three days to produce his witness, Piotr. The King and the court were said to have laughed at the absurd request, but the King granted Stanislaus the three days. Stanislaus spent them in ceaseless prayer and, dressed in full bishop's regalia, went with a procession to the cemetery where Piotr had been buried three years earlier. He had Piotr's grave dug up until his remains were discovered. Then, before

768-602: The many parts of Christendom . More often than not, legates were learned men and skilled diplomats who were not from the country they were accredited to. For example, the Italian-born Guala Bicchieri served as papal legate to England in the early 13th century and played a major role in both the English government and church at the time. By the Late Middle Ages it had become more common to appoint native clerics to

800-529: The patron saint of moral order and wanted his first papal return to Poland to occur in April 1979 in observance of the 900th anniversary to the day of his martyrdom, but the Communist rulers of that time blocked this, causing the visit to be delayed until June of that year. Roman Catholic churches belonging to Polish communities outside Poland are often dedicated to Saint Stanislaus. In iconography , Saint Stanislaus

832-599: The position of legate within their own country, such as Cardinal Wolsey acting as legate to the court of Henry VIII of England . The reason for this switch in policy could be attributed to a change in attitude on the eve of the Reformation ; by this point, foreign men representing the papacy would be more likely to reinforce dissent than bring Christendom closer together. Papal legates often summoned legatine councils , which dealt with church government and other ecclesiastical issues. According to Pope Gregory VII , writing in

864-401: The same functions as an ambassador and has the same diplomatic privileges. Under the 1961 Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations , to which the Holy See is a party, a nuncio is an ambassador like those from any other country. The Vienna Convention allows the host state to grant seniority of precedence to the nuncio over others of ambassadorial rank accredited to the same country, and may grant

896-471: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Saint Stanislaus . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Saint_Stanislaus&oldid=881421149 " Categories : Disambiguation pages Title and name disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

928-459: Was actually in the Wawel Castle . The guards then cut the bishop's body into pieces and scattered them to be devoured by wild beasts. According to the legend, his members miraculously reintegrated while the pool was guarded by four eagles. The exact date of Stanislaus's death is uncertain. According to different sources, it was either 11 April or 8 May 1079. The murder stirred outrage throughout

960-505: Was laid to rest once more in his grave and was reburied. A more substantial conflict with King Bolesław arose after a prolonged war in Ruthenia , when weary warriors deserted and went home, alarmed at tidings that their overseers were taking over their estates and wives. According to Wincenty Kadłubek , the King punished the soldiers' faithless wives very cruelly and was criticized for it by Bishop Stanislaus. Jan Długosz , however, writes that

992-445: Was one of the earliest native Polish bishops. He also became a ducal advisor and had some influence on Polish politics. Stanislaus' major accomplishments included bringing papal legates to Poland, and reestablishment of a metropolitan see in Gniezno . The latter was a precondition for Duke Bolesław's coronation as king, which took place in 1076. Stanislaus then encouraged King Bolesław to establish Benedictine monasteries to aid in

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1024-490: Was ordained a priest by Lambert II Suła , Bishop of Kraków . Following his ordination, he was given a canonry in Kraków and became known for his preaching. He was subsequently made pastor of Czembocz near Kraków , canon and preacher at the cathedral, and later, vicar-general. After the bishop's death (1072), Stanislaus was elected his successor but accepted the office only at the explicit command of Pope Alexander II . Stanislaus

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