Misplaced Pages

#351648

41-532: The cathedral stands on the site of the former Chapel of St. John the Baptist, which was primarily of wooden construction and was consecrated in 942 by Transmarus, Bishop of Tournai and Noyon . Traces of a later Romanesque structure can be found in the cathedral's crypt. Construction of the Gothic church began around 1274. In the subsequent period from the 14th through 16th centuries, nearly continuous expansion projects in

82-619: A View of Gent . Frans Pourbus the Elder painted 14 panels representing the History of Saint Andrew (1572) and a Triptych of Viglius Aytta (1571). Caspar de Crayer is represented by paintings of St Macarius of Gent , The Beheading of Saint John the Baptist and The Martyrdom of Saint Barbara . The church also holds works by Antoon van den Heuvel including the Christ and the Adulterous Woman and

123-433: A major site for Wallonia 's heritage since 1936 and as a World Heritage Site since 2000. As early as the second half of the 3rd century St. Piat evangelized Tournai; some sources name him as the first bishop, but this remains unsubstantiated. At the end of the 3rd century Emperor Maximian rekindled persecutions, and St. Piat was martyred as a result. Barbarian invasions began shortly afterwards. These lasted from

164-571: A number of Frenchmen for bishop: Gilbert de choiseul duplessis praslin (1670–1689); François de La Salle de Caillebot (1692–1705); Louis Marcel de Coëtlogon (1705–1707); François de Beauveau (1708–1713). After the Treaty of Utrecht (1713) the French were replaced by Germans: Johann Ernst , Count of Löwenstein-Wertheim (1713–1731); Franz Ernst, Count of Salm-Reifferscheid (1731–1770); Wilhelm Florentine, Prince of Salm-Salm (1776–1794). The reunion of

205-451: A public square in Ghent . The sentence was carried out on 28 September 1654. The tomb of Triest was left to be completed by others. Jerôme is generally regarded as a skilled sculptor, but a less original or innovative artist than his brother François. His artistic talent has been questioned based on assumptions surrounding the use for his own work of designs made by his brother, and in particular

246-480: A publication now in the public domain :  Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Tournai". Catholic Encyclopedia . New York: Robert Appleton Company. Jer%C3%B4me Duquesnoy (II) Jerôme Duquesnoy (II) or Hieronymus Duquesnoy (II) or the Younger (baptized 8 May 1602 – 28 September 1654) was a Flemish architect and sculptor who was particularly accomplished in portraits. He played an important role in

287-704: Is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Belgium . The diocese was formed in 1146, upon the dissolution of the Diocese of Noyon and Tournai , which had existed since the 7th century. It is now suffragan in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Mechelen–Brussels . The cathedra is found within the Cathedral of Notre-Dame de Tournai , which has been classified both as

328-452: Is likely that the design of the tomb monument itself, which was made almost a decade later, was by Jerôme's own hand. The monument is placed in an architectural frame of black and white marble and depicts Mary and Christ looking down on the effigy of the Bishop reclining on a sarcophagus. The portrait of the Bishop in the monument is particularly fine although some have compared it unfavourably with

369-459: Is located on the right side with the episcopal arms visible. Highlights of the interior decoration of the choir include the Baroque high altar (1702–1782), in white, black, and red flamed marble, and the tomb monuments of Ghent bishops, including that of Antonius Triest, in white and black marble (1652–1654), a major work of Jerôme Duquesnoy (II) . On the right side is the gallery with painted crests of

410-417: Is on display. This 15th-century work is attributed to Justus van Gent . Finally, there is a valuable collection of important liturgical plates, reliquaries, and liturgical vessels dating from the 15th century onward. Among the important reliquaries are the head of Saint John the Baptist and of Saint Macarius. The important collection of hand-embroidered and brocaded liturgical ornaments is widely known as one of

451-495: Is surmounted by 5 towers 273 feet (83 m) high. The nave and transept are Romanesque (12th century), while the choir is primary Gothic, begun in 1242 and completed in 1325. Originally, the borders of the diocese arguably were those of the Civitas Turnacensium , as mentioned in the "Notice des Gaules". The prescriptions of councils and the interest of the Church both favoured such borders, and they were retained throughout

SECTION 10

#1732852210352

492-595: Is the main organ in the upper church, the biggest organ in the Low Countries . In 1935, Mgr Coppieters commanded that the Klais organ from the world exhibition would be put inside the cathedral. The organ case dates from the 18th century and the complete organ has more than 6,000 pipes inside. It has five manuals. The most impressive part is the high choir with stalls for the members of the Chapter of Saint-Bavon. The episcopal throne

533-678: The Cathedral of Saint Michael and Saint Gudula in Brussels and paid for by the Council of Brabant . He also became an assistant of the court architect and painter Jacob Franquart . In 1646 he drew the design for the Our Blessed Lady chapel in the Cathedral of Saint Michael and Saint Gudula and directed its construction. Duquesnoy completed an additional three sculptures of apostles for the Cathedral of Saint Michael and Saint Gudula in 1646. He also made

574-534: The Golden Fleece ; Michel de Warenghien (1283–1291), a very erudite doctor; Michel d'Esne (1597–1614), the author of several works. Raphael de Mercatellis (1487–1507), illegitimate son of Philip the Good and noted bibliophile , was auxiliary bishop of Tournai. During Spanish rule (1521–1667) the see continued to be occupied by natives of the country, but the seize of Tournai by Louis XIV in 1667 caused it to have

615-709: The Kunsthistorisches Museum , Vienna). He received the commission for the tomb monument of Bishop Antonius Triest to be placed in the choir of the Saint Bavo Cathedral in Ghent . He also received a commission from the family Thurn und Taxis for a marble statue of Saint Ursula to be placed in the Saint Ursula Chapel in the Sablon Church in Brussels. In 1654 Duquesnoy was living in Ghent to complete

656-677: The Resurrection of Christ . There are also works by Lucas van Uden and Jan van Cleef . Local Ghent painter Petrus Norbertus van Reysschoot painted a series of eleven grisailles , which decorate the choir of the cathedral, above the stalls. Five of these panels represent scenes from the Old Testament while the other six episodes from the New Testament. These paintings were placed in the cathedral between 1789 and 1791. The cathedral has four organs for use at liturgical celebrations. Most famous

697-475: The Church of St. Bavo. When the Diocese of Ghent was founded in 1559, the church became its cathedral . Construction was considered complete on 7 June 1569. In the summer of 1566, bands of Calvinist iconoclasts visited Catholic churches in the Netherlands, including St. Bavo, shattering stained-glass windows, smashing statues, and destroying paintings and other artworks they perceived as idolatrous. However,

738-609: The Diocese of Tournai, after a concordat between the plenipotentiaries of Pius VI and the consular government of the republic. The Bishop of Tournai retained only two scores of the parishes formerly under his jurisdiction, but received on the right bank of the Schelde a number of parishes which, prior to the Revolution, had belonged to the Diocese of Cambrai (302), Namur (50), and Liège (50). [REDACTED]  This article incorporates text from

779-479: The Gothic style were executed on the structure. A new choir , radiating chapels , expansions of the transepts , a chapter house , nave aisles and a single-tower western section were all added. In 1539, as a result of the rebellion against Charles V , who was baptized in the church, the old Abbey of St. Bavo was dissolved. Its abbot and monks went on to become canons in a chapter that was attached to what then became

820-691: The Middle Ages. The diocese then further extended along the left bank of the river Schelde, from the river Scarpe to the North Sea, with the exception of the Vier-Ambachten (Hulst, Axel, Bouchaute, and Assenede), which are said to have always belonged to the Diocese of Utrecht . The Schelde thus formed the natural border between the Dioceses of Tournai and Cambrai, cutting through the towns of Termonde, Ghent, Oudenarde, and Tournai itself. The North Sea seaboard between

861-523: The Schelde and the Yser was wholly part of this perimeter. On the far side of the Yser resided the Diocese of Thérouanne , which bordered Tournai as far as Ypres. There began the Diocese of Arras , which bordered Tournai as far as the confluence of the Scarpe and the Schelde at Mortgne, France. This vast diocese was for a long time divided into three archdeaneries and twelve deaneries. The archdeanery of Bruges comprised

SECTION 20

#1732852210352

902-590: The Spanish king in thanks for his prudent government. In the nave there is an impressive Rococo pulpit (1741–1745), made in oak, gilded wood and white and black marble by Laurent Delvaux , with wrought-iron railings by J. Arens. There are also chairs designed by the contemporary designer Maarten Van Severen. The main altar is placed between the nave and the choir. In the Chapel of the Holiest, an important Calvary Triptych

943-722: The altarpiece by the Van Eycks was saved. The cathedral is noted for the Ghent Altarpiece , originally in the Joost Vijd Chapel. It is formally known as the Adoration of the Mystic Lamb after its lower centre panel by Hubert and Jan van Eyck . This work is considered Van Eyck's masterpiece and one of the most important works of the early Northern Renaissance , as well as one of the greatest artistic masterpieces of Belgium. Part of

984-654: The brothers became friends with him and van Dyck painted their portraits. Jerôme worked with his brother on the baldacchino for Saint Peter's in Rome as is testified by a payment in his own name for that work received in 1627. There is no documentation on Jérôme's movements between 1627 and 1641. The assumption has been that the brothers had a falling out and split ways after which Jerôme went to work primarily in Spain, where he received court commissions, and Portugal. None of his works from that period have been traced. An alternative view of

1025-402: The deaneries of Bruges, Ardenbourg, and Oudenbourg; the archdeanery of Ghent, the deaneries of Ghent, Roulers, Oudenarde, and Waes; the archdeanery of Tournai, the deaneries of Tournai, Seclin, Helchin, Lille, and Courtrai. In 1559, to support the war against Protestantism, King Philip II of Spain obtained from Paul IV the foundation of a series of new dioceses. The ancient Diocese of Tournai

1066-519: The departure of the Merovingian court. Nevertheless, it maintained its own bishops for nearly a century. Then, at about 626 or 627, under the episcopate of St. Achar , the sees of Tournai and Noyon were reunited, retaining however their separate structures. Tournai lost its privileges and was relegated to level of the neighbouring dioceses, such as Boulogne and Therouanne , Arras and Cambrai . The same ordinary held both sees for five hundred years. It

1107-533: The designs for the bust (now in the Louvre Museum in Paris) and the tomb of Bishop Triest. Already in 1642 Bishop Antonius Triest had approached François Duquesnoy in relation to this bust and monument and had sent along a painting of himself to be used as the basis for the bust. François had declined the commission because of his upcoming move to France but is still said to have made a few terracotta models for putti for

1148-648: The end of the 3rd century till the end of the 5th century. St. Remigius used the good-will of the Frankish monarchy to organize the Catholic hierarchy in the North of Gaul. He confided the Diocese of Arras and Cambrai to St. Vaast (Vedastus), and founded the See of Tournai (c. 500), appointing as its titular Eleutherius . It was probably its status of royal city which secured Tournai's early rise, only to lose its position as capital upon

1189-539: The images of the apostles Philip and Matthew for the Chapel Church in Brussels. When Jacob Franquart died in 1651, Duquesnoy succeeded to his position at the Brussels court as "architecte, statuaire et sculpteur de la Cour" (Court architect, statue maker and sculptor). In that capacity Duquesnoy completed several portraits of Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria , then governor of the Spanish Netherlands (now in

1230-831: The introduction of the Baroque style in Northern European sculpture. He was born in Brussels , the son of Jerôme Duquesnoy (I) , court sculptor to Archduke Albert and Archduchess Isabella who jointly ruled the Spanish Netherlands . His father is now mainly known as the creator of the Manneken Pis fountain in Brussels (1619). He trained in his father's workshop along with his older brother François . François went to work in Rome where he became rather successful. Jerôme travelled to join his older brother in Rome in 1621. During Anthony van Dyck ’s period of residence in Rome,

1271-416: The lack of details on Jérôme's whereabouts and residence in Spain between 1627 and 1641 holds that Jérôme had in fact not left Rome for a long period of time but had been working inside the workshop of his brother in Rome assisting him with his various commissions. The trip to Spain would therefore have only been rather brief and occurred probably in the year 1640. When in 1641 Jérôme is documented as working in

Saint Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent - Misplaced Pages Continue

1312-602: The members of the Order of the Golden Fleece . In the choir is the 1559 painting The Queen of Sheba visits King Solomon by the Flemish artist Lucas de Heere . This allegorical work depicts King Solomon as Philip II of Spain , recognizable by his facial features, receiving gifts from the Queen of Sheba , an allegory of the Low Countries , representing that country donating its riches to

1353-465: The monument. There is no documentation whether or how much work François had done on the design and execution of the bust before he died in 1643. It is therefore difficult to determine how much (if any) of it is of his hand. The work was probably completed in 1643 or 1644 and is signed by Jerôme. The very high quality of the execution of the portrait has led to speculation that his brother had a major (or even sole) role in its design and even execution. It

1394-475: The most important of the country, some of which are put on display. Still today the chapter is housed inside the cathedral, since its foundation. Members have been important prelates and members of noble houses. Today Jozef De Kesel is one of the honorary canons. The chapters of Haarlem and Ghent are united in friendship. Weekly the canons sing Mass with the bishop. Bishop of Tournai and Noyon The Diocese of Tournai ( Latin : Dioecesis Tornacensis )

1435-450: The painting, the lowermost left panel known as The Just Judges , was stolen in 1934 and has not been recovered. It has since been replaced with a facsimile by Jef Van der Veken . The cathedral is home to the works of other artists of note. It holds the painting Saint Bavo enters the Convent at Ghent by Peter Paul Rubens . There are also works by or after Lucas de Heere , one of which is

1476-424: The see with Noyon and the ensuing removal of the seat of the bishopric bolstered the chapter. The chapter's requirement to appoint only nobility and scholars, as set forth by the old régime, tended to attract the highly born and educated. Illustrious French and Belgian names are inscribed in the archive's registers and on the cathedral's tombstones. The cathedral, 439 feet (134 m) long by 216 feet (66 m) wide,

1517-518: The tomb monument of Antonius Triest. He was arrested for sexually abusing two boys of respectively 8 and 11 years old and tried for sodomy . Appeals by his friends to the court in Brussels to transfer jurisdiction over the case from the local court in Ghent to the Royal Magistrate in Brussels were unsuccessful. He was sentenced to strangulation at the stake, followed by burning at the Koornmarkt,

1558-483: The trip François died on 12 July 1643 in Livorno of an illness from which he had already been suffering before he set out. Instead of returning to Rome, Jerôme travelled on to his hometown Brussels where he soon received many commissions. He claimed the chests with art designs and models that had belonged to his brother and that had been sent on to Brussels. In 1644 he completed a sculpture of Saint Thomas destined for

1599-560: The workshop of the Flemish goldsmith Andreas Ghysels in Florence , he may have been doing so in the execution of designs of his brother. After a stay of nine months in Florence, Duquesnoy returned to Rome. When François left on a trip to France at the invitation of the French king to become the director of a yet to be established department of painting and sculpture called ‘Académie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture’, Jerôme accompanied him. During

1640-500: Was only in 1146 that Tournai received its own bishop. Notable bishops are: St. Eleutherius (beginning of 6th century); St. Achar (626/27 – 1 March 637/38); St. Eloi (641–660); Simon de Vermandois (1121–1146); Walter de Marvis (1219–1251), the great founder of schools and hospitals; Etienne of Tournai (1192–1203), godfather of Louis VII of France and minister to the queen; Andrea Chini Malpiglia (1334–42), cardinal and papal legate; Guillaume Fillastre (1460–1473), chancellor of

1681-548: Was split up, with nearly two-thirds of its territory being cut away. The outlines of the archdeaneries of Bruges and Ghent formed the new diocese of Bruges and diocese of Ghent , and six parishes passed to the new diocese of Ypres . This situation lasted until the beginning of the 19th century. The French Revolution created the Department of Jemappes , which in 1815 became the Province of Hainaut , whose borders coincided with those of

Saint Bavo's Cathedral, Ghent - Misplaced Pages Continue

#351648