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35-580: It is intended that the museum will move to new premises in one of the abandoned warehouses on the shores of the Golden Horn as part of the Tersane Istanbul/Haliçport project. The museum occupies two separate 19th-century wooden villas. The original building, constructed of wood and lathe-and-plaster on a masonry foundation, consists of three storeys plus an attic; its architecture was inspired by European vernacular traditions. Originally known as

70-461: A basin . This may create peninsulas, and occurred for example in the Keweenaw Peninsula . In the case of formation from meltwater, melting glaciers deposit sediment and form moraines , which act as dams for the meltwater. This may create bodies of water that surround the land, forming peninsulas. If deposition formed the peninsula, the peninsula was composed of sedimentary rock , which

105-528: A seasonal outdoor exhibit and event space attached to Haliç Park. Archaeological records show a significant urban presence on and around the Golden Horn dating back to at least the 7th century BC, with smaller settlements going as far back as 6700 BC as confirmed by recent discoveries of ancient ports, storage facilities, and fleets of trade ships unearthed during construction work for the Yenikapı subway station and

140-410: A total of 4,280 m (46,100 sq ft). The ground floor contains a gift shop and a small tea room. The ceiling over the main entrance, which is no longer used, is decorated with plaster moldings inspired by ancient Roman architecture . Wooden staircases lead to the upper floors. The walls are painted to resemble veined marble . The centrally located main halls of the second and third floors and

175-451: Is 7.5 kilometers (4.7 miles) long, and 750 meters (2,460 feet) across at its widest. Its maximum depth, where it flows into the Bosphorus , is about 35 meters (115 feet). While the reference to a "horn" is understood to refer to the inlet's aerial silhouette, the significance of the designation "golden" remains more obscure, with historians believing it to refer to either the riches brought into

210-601: Is also located along the shore, as are several Muslim , Jewish and Christian cemeteries. Other institutions along the Horn's banks include museums, congress and cultural halls, supporting facilities of the Turkish Navy , and campuses of various universities. Today, the Horn's history and natural environment make it a popular tourist attraction in Istanbul, visited by 10 million international vacationers annually. Sometimes claimed as

245-407: Is completely constructed of reinforced concrete as a precaution against fire. The front is clad in wood while the side is clad in marble stucco treated to resemble wood. The building has three storeys at the front and four at the back, including the ground floor on which are located a multi-purpose hall and conservation laboratory. Archaeological objects are displayed in chronological order across all

280-591: The Bosphorus in Istanbul , Turkey . As a natural estuary that connects with the Bosphorus Strait at the point where the strait meets the Sea of Marmara , the waters of the Golden Horn help define the northern boundary of the peninsula constituting "Old Istanbul" (ancient Byzantium and Constantinople ), the tip of which is the promontory of Sarayburnu , or Seraglio Point. This estuarial inlet geographically separates

315-668: The Fourth Crusade in 1204. In 1348, the Genoese built a new tower nearby which they called Christea Turris (Tower of Christ), now called Galata Tower . There were three notable times when the chain across the Horn was either broken or circumvented. In the 10th century the Kievan Rus' dragged their longships out of the Bosphorus , around Galata , and relaunched them in the Horn; the Byzantines defeated them with Greek fire . In 1204, during

350-497: The Fourth Crusade , Venetian ships were able to break the chain with a ram . In 1453, Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II , having failed in his attempt to break the chain with brute force, instead used the same tactic as the Rus' ; towing his ships across Galata over greased logs and into the estuary. After the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople in 1453, Mehmed II resettled ethnic Greeks along

385-580: The Marmaray tunnel project. Indeed, the deep natural harbor provided by the Golden Horn has always been a major economic attraction and strategic military advantage for inhabitants of the area. Emperor Constantine I established Nova Roma (later Constantinople ) on top of the existing city of Byzantium to capitalize on the same benefits, as did the founders of the previous settlement and its modern successor, Istanbul . The Eastern Roman Empire had its naval headquarters there, and walls were built along

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420-558: The 16th century. A peninsula is generally defined as a piece of land surrounded on most sides by water. A peninsula may be bordered by more than one body of water, and the body of water does not have to be an ocean or a sea. A piece of land on a very tight river bend or one between two rivers is sometimes said to form a peninsula, for example in the New Barbadoes Neck in New Jersey , United States. A peninsula may be connected to

455-527: The 1980s, the Horn was polluted with industrial waste from the factories, warehouses, and shipyards along its shores. It has since been cleaned, and the local fish, wildlife, and flora have been largely restored. The clean-up happened in two main phases under Mayor Bedrettin Dalan in the 1980s and under Mayor Recep Tayyip Erdoğan in the 1990s. Nowadays, the Golden Horn is settled on both sides, and there are parks along each shore. The Istanbul Chamber of Commerce

490-520: The Azeryan Yalısı (Azarian waterside mansion), it belonged to the wealthy Azarian family who were Armenian Catholics from Sivas . The crossed wooden moldings decorating the exterior give the building a distinctive appearance quite different from that of its neighbors. Because of these moldings the building was for a long time popularly known as the Threaded Yalı (Turkish: Vidalı Yalısı ). The building

525-599: The Golden Horn as part of a civil engineering project for Sultan Bayezid II . Leonardo's drawings and notes regarding this bridge are currently displayed at the Museo della Scienza e della Tecnologia in Milan , Italy . While the original design was never executed, the vision of Leonardo's Golden Horn Bridge was resurrected in 2001, when a small footbridge based on Leonardo's design was constructed near Ås in Norway by Vebjørn Sand . Until

560-481: The Golden Horn from south to north: Cibali, Fener , Balat , Ayvansaray , Eyüp , Silahtarağa, Sakarya and Alibeyköy. The following districts line the eastern shore of the Golden Horn from south to north: Kasımpaşa , Hasköy , and Sütlüce . At present, the Golden Horn is spanned by four bridges. Moving from upstream to downstream (i.e. northwest to southeast), these are as follows: The Eski Galata Bridge (literally, Old Galata Bridge ), now-defunct, used to connect

595-595: The Horn in the Phanar (today's Fener). Balat continued to be inhabited by Jews, as during the Byzantine age, though many Jews decided to leave following the takeover of the city. This area was repopulated when Bayezid II invited the Jews who were expelled from Spain to resettle in Balat . In 1502, Leonardo da Vinci produced a drawing of a single-span 240-metre (790 ft) bridge over

630-760: The Spanish gun, / And the Lord upon the Golden Horn is laughing in the sun." 41°01′45″N 28°57′40″E  /  41.02917°N 28.96111°E  / 41.02917; 28.96111 Peninsula A peninsula is a landform that extends from a mainland and is surrounded by water on most sides. Peninsulas exist on each continent. The largest peninsula in the world is the Arabian Peninsula . The word peninsula derives from Latin paeninsula , from paene  'almost' and insula  'island'. The word entered English in

665-490: The case of Florida , continental drift, marine sediment, and marine transgressions were all contributing factors to its shape. In the case of formation from glaciers (e.g., the Antarctic Peninsula or Cape Cod ), peninsulas can be created due to glacial erosion , meltwater or deposition . If erosion formed the peninsula, softer and harder rocks were present, and since the glacier only erodes softer rock, it formed

700-466: The city through the bustling historic harbor located along its shores, or to romantic artistic interpretations of the rich yellow light blazing upon the estuary's waters as the sun sets over the city. Its Greek and English names mean the same, while its Turkish name, Haliç , simply means "estuary", and derives from the Arabic word khaleej , meaning "gulf" . The following districts line the western shore of

735-411: The downstream neighborhoods of Karaköy and Eminönü , but was disassembled and relocated upstream between Ayvansaray and Keçeci Piri following extensive damage in 1992 caused by a fire originating in the kitchen of one of the restaurants located on the bridge's lower level. Originally dating back to 1912, the now-retired structure is no longer used for vehicular or pedestrian traffic, but functions as

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770-473: The floors. The entrance floor is paved in white Afyon marble while black Adapazarı marble was used for the floors of the exhibition spaces and the stairs. All the exhibition areas are sealed off from daylight and the display cases are illuminated in keeping with modern museum techniques. The total exhibition space is 625 square metres (6,730 sq ft). In 2007 Vehbi Koç's summer house nearby in Büyükdere

805-468: The historic center of Istanbul from the rest of the city, and forms a horn shape , sheltered harbor that in the course of history has protected Greek , Roman , Byzantine , Ottoman and other maritime trade ships for thousands of years. Throughout its history, the Golden Horn has witnessed many tumultuous historical incidents, and has been depicted in numerous works of art. An hourly Golden Horn ferry service connects Üsküdar and Karaköy with most of

840-520: The mainland via an isthmus , for example, in the Isthmus of Corinth which connects to the Peloponnese peninsula. Peninsulas can be formed from continental drift , glacial erosion , glacial meltwater , glacial deposition , marine sediment , marine transgressions , volcanoes, divergent boundaries or river sedimentation. More than one factor may play into the formation of a peninsula. For example, in

875-549: The oldest shipyard in the world, the Haliç Shipyard ( Haliç Tersanesi in Turkish) was founded by Sultan Mehmed II in 1455. It remained in operation both for shipbuilding and repairs into the 1960s but then fell into disrepair. The site is now being redeveloped as the giant Tersane Istanbul project which will bring hotels, museums, art galleries, shops and restaurants to a very rundown area. In February 2019 President Erdoğan announced

910-604: The rooms opening onto them are used for display purposes. The attic is used for storage and also contains offices and a library. In 1983, the Vehbi Koç Foundation purchased the Hüseyin Kocabaş collection for the Sadberk Hanım Museum and bought a semi-dilapidated adjacent yalı to house these new acquisitions. The facade of this second yali, which is thought to have been constructed in the early part of this century,

945-468: The sediment is deposited, forming a delta peninsula. Marine transgressions (changes in sea level) may form peninsulas, but also may affect existing peninsulas. For example, the water level may change, which causes a peninsula to become an island during high water levels. Similarly, wet weather causing higher water levels make peninsulas appear smaller, while dry weather make them appear larger. Sea level rise from global warming will permanently reduce

980-562: The shoreline to protect the city of Constantinople from naval attacks. At the entrance to the Horn on the northern side, a large chain was pulled across from Constantinople to the old Tower of Galata to prevent unwanted ships from entering. Known among the Byzantines as the Megàlos Pyrgos (meaning "Great Tower" in Greek ), this tower was largely destroyed by the Latin Crusaders during

1015-634: The start of the project and in October 2021 it started to open when the Contemporary Istanbul art fair was staged there. It is intended that the Sadberk Hanım Museum will relocate to Tersane Istanbul from Sarıyer as part of the project. The Golden Horn is featured in many works of literature dealing with classical themes. For example, G. K. Chesterton 's poem Lepanto contains the memorable couplet "From evening isles fantastical rings faint

1050-656: The suburbs along the estuary. In 2021 the T5 tramline opened on the western shore of the Golden Horn. It runs from the Alibeyköy bus station as far as Cibali, beside the Atatürk Bridge , and an extension already in the making will continue it to Eminönü where it will intersect with the T1 tramline and several ferry services. The Golden Horn is the estuary of the Alibey and Kağıthane Rivers. It

1085-493: The volcano erupts near shallow water. Marine sediment may form peninsulas by the creation of limestone . A rift peninsula may form as a result of a divergent boundary in plate tectonics (e.g. the Arabian Peninsula ), while a convergent boundary may also form peninsulas (e.g. Gibraltar or the Indian subcontinent ). Peninsulas can also form due to sedimentation in rivers. When a river carrying sediment flows into an ocean,

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1120-496: Was created from a large deposit of glacial drift . The hill of drift becomes a peninsula if the hill formed near water but was still connected to the mainland, for example during the formation of Cape Cod about 23,000 years ago. In the case of formation from volcanoes, when a volcano erupts magma near water, it may form a peninsula (e.g., the Alaskan Peninsula ). Peninsulas formed from volcanoes are especially common when

1155-519: Was faithfully reconstructed according to the original by İbrahim Yalçın, and the work took two years to complete. This new section, housing works from the pre-Islamic period, was named the Sevgi Gönül Wing after the daughter of Sadberk. It opened on October 24, 1988, and was immediately awarded the Europa Nostra prize as an outstanding example of modern museum architecture and design. The new wing

1190-460: Was opened to the public to showcase some of the kilims collected during her lifetime by the American traveller, Josephine Powell , and donated after her death to the Vehbi Koç Foundation. Golden Horn The Golden Horn ( Turkish : Altın Boynuz or Haliç ; Ancient Greek : Χρυσόκερας , Chrysókeras ; Latin : Sinus Ceratinus ) is a major urban waterway and the primary inlet of

1225-617: Was purchased for use as a summerhouse by the Koç family in 1950, but in 1978 the decision was taken to convert it into a museum. The conversion was carried out between 1978 and 1980 according to a restoration project prepared by the Turkish architect, Sedat Hakkı Eldem . It opened its doors to the public on October 14, 1980, with the Sadberk Koç collection on display. The Azeryan Yalı occupies 400 m (4,300 sq ft) of space set in grounds measuring

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