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29-608: A number of steamships have carried the name Invicta . SS  Invicta  (1882) , built for the London, Chatham & Dover Railway, scrapped in 1899 SS  Invicta  (1905) , built for the South Eastern & Chatham Railway, sold in 1923 SS  Invicta  (1939) , Built for the Southern Railway, scrapped in 1972 [REDACTED] [REDACTED] List of ships with

58-746: A crossbeam type. The davits themselves provided a demarcation between the responsibilities of the LSI crew (either Royal Navy or Merchant Navy) and the members of the LCA flotilla. Some of the LSIs were commissioned into the Royal Navy, received navy crews, and flew the White Ensign , while most retained their civilian crews and flew the Red Ensign . Royal Navy LSIs had Royal Navy landing craft flotillas assigned to them until 1943, when

87-571: A proportion of landing craft flotillas were manned by Royal Marine crews. Merchant Navy LSIs would have Royal Navy gunners for the anti-aircraft equipment, and Royal Navy officers and ratings operating the ship’s flotilla of landing craft. Generally, these divisions of personnel did not cooperate or share in each other's work responsibilities. LSIs in Royal Canadian Navy service were crewed by Canadians and, by late 1943 onwards, were assigned RCN landing craft flotillas. The crews intermingled, lent

116-484: A total power output of 11,000 shaft horsepower (8,200 kW). These gave Invicta a speed of 22 knots (41 km/h). Steam was supplied by two Yarrow water tube boilers operating at 250 pounds per square inch (17 atm). Originally coal fired, the boilers were converted to oil in 1946. Invicta was completed in June 1940. The Admiralty then requisitioned her and she left Dumbarton on 27 June for Clynder , where she

145-627: Is different from Wikidata All set index articles SS Invicta (1939) Invicta was a passenger ferry built in 1939 for the Southern Railway and requisitioned on completion by the Admiralty for use as a troopship , serving in the Second World War as HMS Invicta . She was returned to the Southern Railway in 1945 and passed to British Railways in 1948. With the introduction to TOPS (a new numbering system) in 1968, Invicta

174-544: The 20 mm Oerlikon cannon . In Canada in the spring of 1943, work was under way on the conversion of Prince David and Prince Henry to landing ship infantry (medium) (LSI (M)). They were reconfigured to carry 550 infantrymen transported in six LCAs and two LCM(1)s, and have large sick-bay facilities for the anticipated casualties. Their old 6-inch (152 mm) guns were replaced with two twin 4 inch mountings, two single Bofors 40mm guns , and ten Oerlikons . The rebuilding, which took place at Esquimalt and Vancouver ,

203-401: The 7th Canadian Infantry Brigade to Juno Beach , Courseulles-sur-Mer . Amongst those on board Invicta was Richard Pirrie , the first Australian to be killed on D-Day. Also on board was war correspondent Robert Raymond . Invicta was decommissioned on 9 October 1945 and returned to the Southern Railway. Invicta was refitted ready for service, but she was bareboat chartered by

232-536: The Consolidated Steel Corporation , were modified for use as LSI(L)s under lend-lease . These ships were all given two-word names beginning with "Empire", such as SS Empire Spearhead . All were able to accommodate two LCA flotillas; a total of 24 craft. The Empire Broadsword was lost during the invasion of Normandy to a mine. Empire Javelin was sunk by a U-boat torpedo on 28 December 1944. All these ships had davits fitted to accept LCAs and

261-712: The English Channel the next day, replacing Canterbury on the Dover – Calais route. In 1947, another refit saw Invicta fitted with stabilisers . These were part of the original design but were omitted to hasten construction. The vessel featured in the Southern Region film Golden Arrow in 1947. On 1 January 1948 ownership of Invicta passed to the British Transport Commission on the Nationalisation of

290-527: The Government on 26 December 1945 for use as a troopship, repatriating demobilised troops from Calais to Dover. On 27 December she collided with Ben-my-Chree in Dover. On 23 April 1946 Invicta left for Walker where she was to be refitted by Vickers-Armstrongs . During the refit she was converted from coal to oil fuel. Invicta left the River Tyne on 14 October and made her first peacetime crossing of

319-454: The Netherlands and left Newhaven on 21 September under tow from the tug Michel Petersen , bound for Nieuw Lekkerland . Invicta was resold and scrapped at Bruges , Belgium. Landing Ship, Infantry Typically, an LSI would transport its cargo of infantry from its embarkation port to close to the coast to be invaded. This location (the "lowering position" in Royal Navy terminology)

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348-623: The Railways . She was now operated by British Railways , remaining on the Dover – Calais route. In January 1959 Invicta suffered minor damage in a collision with the pier at Calais. On 1 January 1963 ownership of Invicta passed to the British Railways Board after the dissolution of the British Transport Commission . On 26 April 1963 Invicta was the first ship to pass through the western entrance of Dover Harbour after

377-592: The former cargo hold. Glengyle , the first LSI, was accepted into service on 10 September and, on 31 January 1941, she sailed around Africa to the Mediterranean . Smaller LSI, such as Queen Emma and Princess Beatrix , were generally converted cross- channel ferries , or a converted passenger ship. Conversion was accomplished, as with LSI(L), by adding davits for the landing craft, providing troop accommodation, plus some defensive armament, such as QF 12 pounder 12 cwt naval guns , and anti-aircraft guns , such as

406-705: The four Glens shortly after their launchings, and converted them into fast supply ships. By June 1940, Glengyle , Glenearn , and Glenroy were under conversion to LSI(L)s. The Admiralty insisted on keeping Breconshire in a fast cargo configuration, so the ISTDC consulted the Director of Naval Construction about suitable requisitioned ships. The Dutch Continental passenger steamers Queen Emma and Princess Beatrix were converted to LSIs. Displacing approximately 3,000 gross registered tons and able to make 22 knots, these vessels could carry as many as 800 troops apiece. These were

435-480: The lists of merchant marine vessels. These ships needed to be fast and have davits capable of lowering the new landing craft assault fully loaded with troops. Glengyle and her sisters, Glenearn , Glenroy , and Breconshire , then abuilding, were determined to be ideal for infantry landing ships. This class of four fast passenger and cargo liners were intended for the Far East trade route. The Admiralty acquired

464-732: The original 5 LSIs. More LSIs would be found in the years to come from requisitioning or new construction provided by the United States under Lend-Lease . LSIs were grouped according to their troop capacity and endurance. Initially, all were requisitioned merchant vessels that exchanged carrying lifeboats for landing craft. During April and June 1940, the Glens underwent further conversion into LSIs capable of transporting an embarked force of up to 34 officers and 663 other ranks and carrying 12 LCAs on Welin-McLachan davits and 1 LCM(1) stored in chocks on deck and launched by 30-ton derricks. Glengyle

493-542: The other appropriate British manufactured landing craft for LSIs. Normally British converted LSIs were fitted with heavy-duty power-operated davits. Early landing ships were fitted with Welin-McLachlin davits – these being generally in use in the Merchant Navy for standard 99 man lifeboats. As the weight of LCAs increased through the war (eventually approaching 14 tons) heavier davits were required. Later LSIs and those being refitted were provisioned with luffing davits of

522-435: The removal of Second World War blockships . Invicta appeared in the comedy film San Ferry Ann , which was released in 1966. In 1967 Invicta was repainted into the new Sealink livery, with a blue hull, white superstructure and red funnel with the double arrow logo. With the introduction of TOPS in 1968, Sealink ships were classed as locomotives for TOPS purposes, being allocated Class 99 . On 23 May 1970 Invicta

551-499: The same or similar names This article includes a list of ships with the same or similar names. If an internal link for a specific ship led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended ship article, if one exists. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SS_Invicta&oldid=1207701461 " Categories : Set index articles on ships Ship names Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description

580-550: Was London . On 3 June 1943 Invicta was commissioned into the Royal Navy as HMS Invicta . She took part in the Dieppe Raid on 19 August 1942, landing soldiers from The South Saskatchewan Regiment on Green Beach. In October 1943 Invicta was assigned to Force J in preparation for Operation Overlord . Her Code Letters were changed to GLJQ at this time. On 6 June 1944 Invicta was part of 510 Flotilla. She carried members of

609-436: Was 336 feet 5 inches (102.54 m) long, with a beam of 50 feet 1 inch (15.27 m) and a depth of 24 feet 5 inches (7.44 m). She was 4,178 GRT and 1,982 NRT. She had a draught of 12 feet 9 inches (3.89 m). She was powered by four Parsons turbines , that were built by Denny's. The four turbines drove twin screw propellers through single reduction gearing and had

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638-610: Was approximately 6–11 miles off shore. The troops would then transfer to landing craft, most commonly LCAs , for the journey to the beach. The landing craft would return to the LSI after disembarking their cargo and be hoisted up to embark additional troops. In the years immediately before war was declared the Inter-Service Training and Development Centre sought to identify ships suitable to carry Army and Royal Marine formations being employed in amphibious operations. Such ships would not be purpose-built, but would be found within

667-468: Was built by Caledon Shipbuilding & Engineering Company , Dundee , for the Glen Line . The only vital alterations to the 18 knot Glengyle and her sisters, Glenroy and Glenearn , were to assure davits strong enough to lower fully loaded LCAs, and to provide accommodation for the army units to be transported. This latter alteration entailed introducing tables, forms, and posts for slinging hammocks into

696-411: Was chartered for a trip to Ostend , Belgium . With the introduction of TOPS Numbers in 1972, Invicta was allocated 99 010. She made her final revenue-earning voyages on 8 August 1972. She was then laid up at Newhaven, East Sussex pending a sale. Although a Greek company showed interest in buying her she remained unsold. She was sold to Machinehandel en Scheepssloperij de Koophandel, Rotterdam ,

725-579: Was completed in December 1943 and shortly after re-commissioning, she left for the United Kingdom via Panama canal and New York City , under Captain T.D. Kelly RCNR, (her final commanding officer) who had supervised the fitting-out of both ships. The ship's davits were capable of lifting an LCA which, by this time in the war, was approaching 14 tons. In Australia in mid-1942, HMAS  Manoora , an ocean liner that had been converted to armed merchant cruiser,

754-597: Was initially able to accommodate 850 soldiers, but later modifications increased this to 1,250. The ship was recommissioned on 2 February 1943 with the pennant number C77, and after spending six months on amphibious warfare training in Port Phillip , was deployed to New Guinea. In the United States, a commercial hull was put in war production by the Maritime Commission ; the C1-S-AY1 subtype of thirteen ships built by

783-630: Was laid up on the River Clyde , although technically she had been delivered to the Southern Railway on 1 July. In 1941 it was decided to convert Invicta to a Landing Ship, Infantry . The work was carried out by Barclay, Curle & Co Ltd , Elderslie . After conversion, Invicta could carry six LCAs and 250 troops. Invicta was allocated the Code Letters GLJG and the United Kingdom Official Number 167606. Her port of registry

812-466: Was marked for conversion into the Royal Australian Navy's first landing ship, infantry at Garden Island Dockyard . Her armament was removed and replaced with a single 12-pounder gun, six 40 mm Bofors , and eight 20 mm Oerlikons . The Supermarine Walrus amphibian aircraft was removed, and the ship was modified to carry US manufactured landing craft : 17 LCVPs , and two LCM(3)s . Manoora

841-470: Was one of 14 " locomotives " classified as Class 99 . She was allocated TOPS Number 99 010. Invicta served on the Dover – Calais route from 1946 until 1972 when she was withdrawn from service and scrapped. Invicta was ordered on 13 February 1939 from William Denny & Brothers of Dumbarton . She was built as yard number 1344 and was launched on 14 December 1939. Completion was in June 1940. Invicta

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