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27-619: SPARQL (pronounced " sparkle ", a recursive acronym for SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language ) is an RDF query language —that is, a semantic query language for databases —able to retrieve and manipulate data stored in Resource Description Framework (RDF) format. It was made a standard by the RDF Data Access Working Group (DAWG) of the World Wide Web Consortium , and is recognized as one of

54-400: A 2012 song by Fairies Computing [ edit ] Sparkle (software) , a free software library designed to simplify software updates in macOS Microsoft Expression Blend , a code-named Sparkle , software application SPARKLE Computer Co., Ltd. , a Taiwanese maker of graphic cards Video games [ edit ] Sparkle 2 Evo , a 2011 video game Sparkle 3 Genesis ,

81-706: A 2015 video game Fictional characters [ edit ] Sparkle, a playable character in Honkai: Star Rail Organizations [ edit ] Sparkle (charity) , a trans rights organisation formed in 2005 Sparkle GMA Artist Center , a talent agency of GMA Network Telecom Italia Sparkle , a subsidiary of Telecom Italia See also [ edit ] Spark (disambiguation) Sparkler (disambiguation) Sparkling (disambiguation) All pages with titles beginning with Sparkle All pages with titles containing Sparkle SPARQL , an RDF query language Topics referred to by

108-559: A SPARQL query for a SPARQL endpoint, for example ViziQuer. In addition, tools exist to translate SPARQL queries to other query languages, for example to SQL and to XQuery . SPARQL allows users to write queries that follow the RDF specification of the W3C . Thus, the entire dataset is "subject-predicate-object" triples. Subjects and predicates are always URI identifiers, but objects can be URIs or literal values. This single physical schema of 3 "columns"

135-505: A language for updating the database with several new query forms. Another SPARQL query example that models the question "What are all the country capitals in Africa?": Variables are indicated by a ? or $ prefix. Bindings for ?capital and the ?country will be returned. When a triple ends with a semicolon, the subject from this triple will implicitly complete the following pair to an entire triple. So for example ex:isCapitalOf ?y

162-549: A list of names and emails for people who drive automobiles with a high fuel efficiency. In the case of queries that read data from the database, the SPARQL language specifies four different query variations for different purposes. Each of these query forms takes a WHERE block to restrict the query, although, in the case of the DESCRIBE query, the WHERE is optional. SPARQL 1.1 specifies

189-497: A remake of the original 1976 film Music [ edit ] Artists Sparkle Moore (born 1936), rockabilly singer Sparkle (singer) (born 1975), R&B singer Albums Sparkle (Sparkle album) , 1998 Sparkle (Aretha Franklin album) , 1976; the soundtrack to the above 1976 film Sparkle: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack , 2012; the soundtrack to the above 2012 film Extended Plays Sparkle (Marion EP) , 1998 Songs "Sparkle",

216-420: A song by Diana Ross from the 1979 album The Boss "Sparkle", a song by My Life Story from the 1997 album The Golden Mile "Sparkle", a song by Phish from the 1993 album Rift "Sparkle", a song by Radwimps from the 2016 album Your Name. "Sparkle", a song by Sophie Ellis-Bextor from the 2001 album Read My Lips " Rule/Sparkle ", a 2009 song by Ayumi Hamasaki " Tweet Dream / Sparkle ",

243-490: Is an integrated query language combining XQuery with SPARQL to query both XML and RDF data sources at once. Open source, reference SPARQL implementations See List of SPARQL implementations for more comprehensive coverage, including triplestore , APIs , and other storages that have implemented the SPARQL standard. sparkle [REDACTED] Look up sparkle in Wiktionary,

270-400: Is chosen, it must be the same on each line of the query to signify that the query engine is to join triples with the same subject. The result of the join is a set of rows – ?person , ?name , ?email . This query returns the ?name and ?email because ?person is often a complex URI rather than a human-friendly string. Note that any ?person may have multiple mailboxes, so in

297-407: Is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Data set In the open data discipline, data set is the unit to measure the information released in a public open data repository. The European data.europa.eu portal aggregates more than a million data sets. Several characteristics define a data set's structure and properties. These include

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324-522: Is hyperdenormalized in that what would be 1 relational record with 4 fields is now 4 triples with the subject being repeated over and over, the predicate essentially being the column name, and the object being the field value. Although this seems unwieldy, the SPARQL syntax offers these features: 1. Subjects and Objects can be used to find the other including recursively. Below is a set of triples. It should be clear that ex:sw001 and ex:sw002 link to ex:sw003 , which itself has links: In SPARQL,

351-428: Is much more like MongoDB or SPARK. Expressions are evaluated exactly in the order they are declared including filtering and joining of data. The programming model becomes what a SQL statement would be like with multiple WHERE clauses. The combination of list-aware subjects and objects plus a pipeline approach can yield extremely expressive queries spanning many different domains of data. Unlike relational databases,

378-437: Is often provided externally, to allow joining of different datasets unambiguously. In addition, SPARQL provides specific graph traversal syntax for data that can be thought of as a graph. The example below demonstrates a simple query that leverages the ontology definition foaf ("friend of a friend"). Specifically, the following query returns names and emails of every person in the dataset : This query joins all of

405-410: Is short for ?x ex:isCapitalOf ?y . The SPARQL query processor will search for sets of triples that match these four triple patterns, binding the variables in the query to the corresponding parts of each triple. Important to note here is the "property orientation" (class matches can be conducted solely through class-attributes or properties – see Duck typing ). To make queries concise, SPARQL allows

432-454: The behavior is reversed. This will produce all the things upon which ex:sw003 depends (downstream dependency): Even more attractive is that we can easily instruct SPARQL to recursively follow the path: Bound variables can therefore also be lists and will be operated upon without complicated syntax. The effect of this is similar to the following: 2. SPARQL expressions are a pipeline Unlike SQL which has subqueries and CTEs, SPARQL

459-534: The definition of prefixes and base URIs in a fashion similar to Turtle . In this query, the prefix " ex " stands for “ http://example.com/exampleOntology# ”. GeoSPARQL defines filter functions for geographic information system (GIS) queries using well-understood OGC standards ( GML , WKT , etc.). SPARUL is another extension to SPARQL. It enables the RDF store to be updated with this declarative query language, by adding INSERT and DELETE methods. XSPARQL

486-457: The first time a variable is encountered in the expression pipeline, it is populated with result. The second and subsequent times it is seen, it is used as an input. If we assign ("bind") the URI ex:sw003 to the ?targets variable, then it drives a result into ?src ; this tells us all the things that link to ex:sw003 (upstream dependency): But with a simple switch of the binding variable,

513-580: The free dictionary. Sparkle may refer to: Sparkle (catamaran) , a catamaran designed by Angus Primrose Sparkle (drink) , a lemon-flavored soft drink Sparkle, a brand of paper towels owned by Georgia-Pacific Sparkle Plenty , a character in the Dick Tracy comic strip Sparkle (❇), a form of dingbat Film [ edit ] Sparkle (1976 film) , an American film released by Warner Bros Sparkle (2007 film) , an English film starring Stockard Channing Sparkle (2012 film) ,

540-467: The key technologies of the semantic web . On 15 January 2008, SPARQL 1.0 was acknowledged by W3C as an official recommendation, and SPARQL 1.1 in March, 2013. SPARQL allows for a query to consist of triple patterns , conjunctions , disjunctions , and optional patterns . Implementations for multiple programming languages exist. There exist tools that allow one to connect and semi-automatically construct

567-427: The kinds described as a level of measurement . For each variable, the values are normally all of the same kind. Missing values may exist, which must be indicated somehow. In statistics , data sets usually come from actual observations obtained by sampling a statistical population , and each row corresponds to the observations on one element of that population. Data sets may further be generated by algorithms for

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594-443: The number and types of the attributes or variables, and various statistical measures applicable to them, such as standard deviation and kurtosis . The values may be numbers, such as real numbers or integers , for example representing a person's height in centimeters, but may also be nominal data (i.e., not consisting of numerical values), for example representing a person's ethnicity. More generally, values may be of any of

621-465: The object column is heterogeneous: the object data type, if not an URI, is usually implied (or specified in the ontology ) by the predicate value. Literal nodes carry type information consistent with the underlying XSD namespace including signed and unsigned short and long integers, single and double precision floats, datetime, penny-precise decimal, Boolean, and string. Triple store implementations on traditional relational databases will typically store

648-476: The returned set, a ?name row may appear multiple times, once for each mailbox. This query can be distributed to multiple SPARQL endpoints (services that accept SPARQL queries and return results), computed, and results gathered, a procedure known as federated query . Whether in a federated manner or locally, additional triple definitions in the query could allow joins to different subject types, such as automobiles, to allow simple queries, for example, to return

675-411: The same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Sparkle . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sparkle&oldid=1249887256 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description

702-481: The triples with a matching subject, where the type predicate, " a ", is a person ( foaf:Person ), and the person has one or more names ( foaf:name ) and mailboxes ( foaf:mbox ). For the sake of readability, the author of this query chose to reference the subject using the variable name " ?person ". Since the first element of the triple is always the subject, the author could have just as easily used any variable name, such as " ?subj " or " ?x ". Whatever name

729-438: The value as a string and a fourth column will identify the real type. Polymorphic databases such as MongoDB and SQLite can store the native value directly into the object field. Thus, SPARQL provides a full set of analytic query operations such as JOIN , SORT , AGGREGATE for data whose schema is intrinsically part of the data rather than requiring a separate schema definition. However, schema information (the ontology)

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