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13-562: The network provides mobility management , session management and transport for IP packet services in GSM and WCDMA networks. The core network also provides support for other functions such as billing and lawful interception . It was also proposed, at one stage, to support packet radio services in the US D-AMPS TDMA system, however, in practice, all of these networks have been converted to GSM so this option has become irrelevant. PRS module

26-615: A common physical connection with other reference points). Some of these names can be seen in the network structure diagram on this page. Mobility management Too Many Requests If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below. Request from 172.68.168.236 via cp1112 cp1112, Varnish XID 392138049 Upstream caches: cp1112 int Error: 429, Too Many Requests at Fri, 29 Nov 2024 05:38:14 GMT Visitor Location Register Too Many Requests If you report this error to

39-550: A mobile wants to use GPRS, it must first attach and then activate a PDP context . This allocates a PDP context data structure in the SGSN that the subscriber is currently visiting and the GGSN serving the subscriber's access point. The data recorded includes Within the GPRS core network standards, there are a number of interfaces and reference points (logical points of connection that probably share

52-464: A specific user, it checks if the user is active. If it is, the GGSN forwards the data to the SGSN serving the mobile user, but if the mobile user is inactive, the data is discarded. In the other direction, mobile-originated packets are routed to the right network by the GGSN. The GGSN is the anchor point that enables the mobility of the user terminal in the GPRS/ UMTS networks. In essence, it carries out

65-517: Is an open standards driven system. The standardization body is the 3GPP . GPRS Tunnelling Protocol is the defining IP -based protocol of the GPRS core network. Primarily it is the protocol which allows end users of a GSM or WCDMA network to move from place to place while continuing to connect to the Internet as if from one location at the Gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) . It does this by carrying

78-520: Is one of two components of the GPRS PS domain. The GGSN together with the SGSN handle packet transmissions between the GPRS network and external packet-switched networks , such as the Internet or an X.25 network. From an external network's point of view, the GGSN is a router to a "sub-network", because the GGSN ‘hides’ the GPRS infrastructure from the external network. When the GGSN receives data addressed to

91-581: The UTRAN through the Iu interface. A SGSN is responsible for the delivery of data packets from and to the mobile stations within its geographical service area. Its tasks include packet routing and transfer, mobility management (attach/detach and location management), logical link management, and authentication and charging functions. The location register of the SGSN stores location information (e.g., current cell, current VLR ) and user profiles (e.g., IMSI , address(es) used in

104-606: The GGSN functionality moves to SAE gateway (with SGSN functionality working in MME ). The Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) is the node that is serving the MS / UE . The SGSN supports GPRS and/or UMTS . The SGSN keeps track of the location of an individual MS / UE and performs security functions and access control. The SGSN is connected to the GERAN base station system through the Gb or Iu interface and/or to

117-544: The GSM address of the destination user. The readdressed packets are sent to the responsible SGSN. For this purpose, the GGSN stores the current SGSN address of the user and his or her profile in its location register. The GGSN is responsible for IP address assignment and is the default router for the connected user equipment (UE). The GGSN also performs authentication and charging functions. Other functions include subscriber screening, IP pool management and address mapping , QoS and PDP context enforcement. With LTE scenario

130-444: The IP address of the GGSN which should serve the access point. At this point a PDP context can be activated. The packet data protocol (PDP; e.g., IP, X.25, FrameRelay) context is a data structure present on both the serving GPRS support node (SGSN) and the gateway GPRS support node (GGSN) which contains the subscriber's session information when the subscriber has an active session. When

143-448: The packet data network) of all GPRS users registered with it. Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) specific SGSN functions and characteristics are: An access point is: When a GPRS mobile phone sets up a PDP context, the access point is selected. At this point an Access Point Name (APN) is determined This access point is then used in a DNS query to a private DNS network. This process (called APN resolution) finally gives

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156-523: The role in GPRS equivalent to the home agent in Mobile IP . It maintains routing necessary to tunnel the protocol data units (PDUs) to the SGSN that services a particular mobile station (MS). The GGSN converts the GPRS packets coming from the SGSN into the appropriate packet data protocol (PDP) format (e.g., IP or X.25) and sends them out on the corresponding packet data network. In the other direction, PDP addresses of incoming data packets are converted to

169-547: The subscriber's data from the subscriber's current serving GPRS support node (SGSN) to the GGSN which is handling the subscriber's session. Three forms of GTP are used by the GPRS core network. A GSN is a network node that supports the use of GPRS in the GSM core network. All GSNs should have a Gn interface and support the GPRS tunneling protocol. There are two key variants of the GSN, namely gateway GPRS support node and serving GPRS support node. The gateway GPRS support node (GGSN)

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