61-490: SA Parliament may refer to: Parliament of Saudi Arabia, known as the Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia Parliament of South Africa Parliament of South Australia Topics referred to by the same term [REDACTED] This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title SA Parliament . If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change
122-482: A cane and then a wheelchair, though he still attended meetings and received selected visitors. In November 2003, according to government media, King Fahd was quoted as saying to "strike with an iron fist" at terrorists after deadly bombings in Saudi Arabia, although he could hardly utter a word because of his deteriorating health. However, it was Crown Prince Abdullah who took official trips; when King Fahd traveled, it
183-458: A debilitating stroke in 1995, after which he was unable to continue performing his full official duties. His half-brother Crown Prince Abdullah served as de facto regent of the kingdom and succeeded Fahd as king upon his death in 2005. With a reign of 23 years, Fahd remains the longest-reigning Saudi king. Fahd bin Abdulaziz was born in the walled town of Riyadh in 1920, 1921 or 1923. He
244-686: A decade prior, while Princes Nasser and Saad were both considered unsuitable candidates. By contrast, Prince Fahd had served as minister of education from 1954 to 1962 and minister of interior from 1962 to 1975. The appointment of Prince Fahd as both crown prince and first deputy prime minister made him a much more powerful figure in contrast to the status of King Khalid when he had been crown prince during King Faisal's reign. However, King Khalid had an influence over Fahd's activities and limited his powers, probably due to Fahd's very clear pro-Western views and hostile approach against Iran and Shia population of Saudi Arabia. During this period Crown Prince Fahd
305-449: A decree on 1 March 1992. The decree expanded the criteria for succession, which had been only seniority and family consensus, and led to speculations. The most significant change by the edict was that the King did acquire the right to appoint or dismiss his heir apparent based on suitability rather than seniority and that the grandsons of Abdulaziz became eligible for the throne. King Fahd was
366-423: A fifth of the seats on the council. According to the decrees, the female council members must be "committed to Islamic Shariah disciplines without any violations" and be "restrained by the religious veil." The decrees also said that the female council members would be entering the council building from special gates, sit in seats reserved for women and pray in special worshipping places. Earlier, officials said that
427-414: A group of reformists and prominent Saudi intellectuals petitioned King Fahd for wide-ranging reforms, including widening political representation and curbing the royal family's wasteful spending. King Fahd first responded by ignoring their requests and when they persisted, reformists were harshly persecuted, imprisoned, and fired from their jobs. During King Fahd's rule, the royal family's lavish spending of
488-479: A heavy smoker, overweight for much of his adult life, and in his sixties began to suffer from arthritis and severe diabetes . He suffered a debilitating stroke on 29 November 1995 and became noticeably frail, and decided to delegate the running of the Kingdom to Crown Prince Abdullah on 2 January 1996. On 21 February, King Fahd resumed official duties. After his stroke, King Fahd was partly inactive and had to use
549-728: A school established by King Abdulaziz specifically for the education of members of the House of Saud. He received education for four years as a result of his mother's urging. While at the Princes' School, Fahd studied under tutors including Sheikh Abdul Ghani Khayat. He then went on to receive education at the Religious Knowledge Institute in Mecca . Prince Fahd was made a member of the royal advisory board at his mother's urging. In 1945, he traveled on his first state visit to San Francisco for
610-419: A screen would separate genders and an internal communications network would allow men and women to communicate. Women first joined the council in 2013, and three were named as deputy chairpersons of three committees: Thurayya Obeid (deputy chairwoman of the human rights and petitions committee), Zainab Abu Talib (deputy chairwoman of the information and cultural committee) and Lubna Al Ansari (deputy chairwoman of
671-501: A speaker and 60 members. The membership was increased by 30 in each of the following terms: the second term 90 members (1997–2001), third term 120 members (2001–2005) and fourth term 150 members (2005–2009). Thus, the number of members increased to 150 members plus the speaker in the fourth term council. Having been expanded in 1997 and 2001, the council achieved a place in the International Parliamentary Union by
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#1732858886810732-471: Is also authorized to review the country's annual budget, and call in ministers for questioning. The influence of the Assembly in its present form comes from its responsibility for the kingdom's five-year development plans, from which the annual budgets are derived, its ability to summon government officials for questioning, and its role as policy debate forum. The first Majlis ash-Shura (Consultative Assembly)
793-479: Is as follows: During the 2009–2013 term, half of the members (43% of the new appointees) had a university education in the United States , and 70% of them had PhDs. The Council members for the 2009–2013 term are considered to be technocrats who are experts rather than local leaders. Their educational background was as follows: 16% bachelor's degrees; 13% master's degrees; 70% PhDs; and 1% MDs. The distribution of
854-492: Is the formal advisory body of Saudi Arabia . It is a deliberative assembly that advises the King on issues that are important to Saudi Arabia. It has the power to propose laws to the King of Saudi Arabia and his cabinet to approve it and pass it. It has 150 members, all appointed by the king and chosen "from amongst scholars, those of knowledge, expertise and specialists". Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 female members out of
915-584: The 115th United States Congress (19.3%). Among these are Sara bint Faisal Al Saud and Moudi bint Khalid Al Saud , both members of the Saudi royal family. As of December 2016, the following women were members of the council: King Fahd Fahd bin Abdulaziz Al Saud ( Arabic : فهد بن عبد العزيز آل سعود ; 1920, 1921 or 1923 – 1 August 2005) was King and Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 13 June 1982 until his death in 2005. Prior to his ascension, he
976-525: The League of Arab States in 1959, signifying his increasing prominence in the House of Saud and his being groomed for a more significant role. In 1962, he was given the important post of interior minister. As interior minister he headed the Saudi delegation at a meeting of Arab Heads of State in Egypt in 1965. At the beginning of King Faisal's reign Prince Fahd became a member of the council which had been established by
1037-618: The attack on the USS Stark , and in 1988 agreed to buy between fifty and sixty nuclear-payload-capable CSS-2 intermediate-range ballistic missiles. King Fahd developed a peace plan in order to resolve Arab differences particularly between Algeria and Morocco. In 1981, he formulated a peace plan for the Middle East to resolve the Arab-Israeli conflict , which was adopted by the Arab League
1098-547: The Council consisted of eight specialized committees. These committees were identified in December 1995. Committees and their allocated number of members were as follows: Committee on Social and Health Affairs (7 members); Committee on Economic and Financial Affairs (8 members); Committee on Legislation and Administration (5 members); Committee on Foreign Affairs (7 members); Committee on Islamic Affairs (7 members); Committee on Service and
1159-744: The King Fahd's support to Hafez Assad Arab countries did not manage to realize their decision to end Syrian presence in Lebanon in the summit of the Arab League held in Casablanca , Morocco, in May 1989. He supported the conservative Saudi religious establishment, including spending millions of dollars on religious education, strengthened separation of the sexes and power of the religious police , publicly endorsed Sheikh Abd al-Aziz ibn Baz 's warning to young Saudis to avoid
1220-632: The King. During his absence which was reported by the officials as a medical leave Prince Fahd stayed in London and then, in Spain where he spent the time on gambling and leisure. King Faisal sent him both Omar Al Saqqaf , his envoy, and several letters asking him to return to the country, but Prince Fahd did not follow his request. Prince Fahd was made the head of the Supreme Council on Petroleum in March 1973 when it
1281-536: The Kingdom's grand mufti, Sheikh Abdul Aziz Al Sheikh . The King's son Abdulaziz carried the body to the mosque and to the Al Oud cemetery , Riyadh, some two kilometres away, a public cemetery where Fahd's four predecessors and other members of the Al Saud ruling family are buried. Arab and Muslim dignitaries who attended the funeral were not present at the burial. Only ruling family members and Saudi citizens were on hand as
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#17328588868101342-708: The Nicaraguan Contras , providing "a million dollars per month from May to December 1984". King Fahd was also a strong supporter of the Palestinian cause and an opponent of the State of Israel . Towards the beginning of Fahd's reign, he was a staunch ally of the United States However, Fahd distanced himself from the US throughout parts of his reign, declining to allow the US to use Saudi air bases to protect naval convoys after
1403-471: The Public Sector (8 members); Committee on Education, Culture and Information Affairs (9 members); and Committee on Security Affairs (6 members). Later, the number of the committees was expanded. As of March 2015 , the assembly consists of thirteen committees: Women were first allowed to join the council in 2013. As of October 2017, women make up 20% of the Assembly's total number, slightly more than
1464-578: The US$ 100 million Prince Abdulaziz . The ship featured two swimming pools, a ballroom, a gym, a theatre, a portable garden, a hospital with an intensive-care unit and two operating rooms, and four American Stinger missiles . The king also had a personal $ US150 million Boeing 747 jet, equipped with his own fountain. In Fahd's younger years, he used to engage in activities considered un-Islamic, such as drinking and gambling. Fahd reportedly lost millions of dollars in casinos and started using illegal methods to regain
1525-407: The body was lowered into the grave. Muslim leaders offered condolences at the mosque, while other foreign dignitaries and leaders who came after the funeral paid their respects at the royal court. In accordance with regulations and social traditions, Saudi Arabia declared a national mourning period of three days during which all offices were closed. Government offices remained closed for the rest of
1586-405: The business groups. They seem to be followers of both conservative and liberal ideologies, and are usually highly educated and experienced people who are regarded as experts in their fields. Mostly academics, retired senior officers, ex-civil servants and businessmen have been chosen as the members of the council. The distribution of members based on their occupation for the 2005–2009 (fourth) term
1647-489: The country's wealth reached its height. In addition, the biggest and most controversial military contract of the century, the Al-Yamamah arms deal was signed on his watch. The contract has cost the Saudi treasury more than $ 90 billion. These funds were originally allocated to building hospitals, schools, universities, and roads. As a result, Saudi Arabia endured a stagnation in infrastructure development from 1986 until 2005 when
1708-410: The end of 2003. The fourth term council held 845 sessions and issued 1174 declarations during its second year. In September 2011, just a few days before the 2011 municipal elections , King Abdullah stated that women may become members of the council. In January 2013, King Abdullah issued two royal decrees, granting women thirty seats on the council, and stating that women must always hold at least
1769-639: The following year. The initiative, which offers peace to Israel in exchange for the return of Palestinian territories, was revived in almost the same form at a meeting of the League in 2002. He also actively contributed to the Taif accord in 1989 that ended conflict in Lebanon. In addition, he led the Arab world against the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq. He developed a special bond with both Syrian President Hafez Assad and Egyptian President Hosni Mobarak during his reign. Due to
1830-625: The health affairs and environment committee). Sheikh Mohammed bin Ibrahim bin Jubair, who was a respected Hanbali jurist and former Minister of Justice, was appointed as the president of the first Council term and of successive ones. He remained the president until his death in 2002, and was replaced by Saleh bin Abdullah bin Homaid. The fifth term council (2009–2012), which started on 28 February 2009, included
1891-482: The king had died at 07:30 on 1 August 2005 at age 84. Official statement was announced on state television at 10:00 by Information Minister Iyad Madani . King Fahd was buried in the last thawb (traditional Arab robe) he wore. Fahd's body was carried to Imam Turki bin Abdullah Mosque , and funeral prayers were held at around 15:30 local time (12:30 GMT) on 2 August. The prayers for the late monarch were led by
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1952-404: The king to guide the succession issues. On 2 January 1967 Prince Fahd survived an assassination attempt when an explosion occurred in his private office at the ministry. He was not there during the incident, but the explosion injured nearly 40 staff of the ministry. Prince Fahd was named second deputy prime minister in 1967 when King Faisal established the office. The post was created upon
2013-581: The link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SA_Parliament&oldid=1141964055 " Category : Disambiguation pages Hidden categories: Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia The Consultative Assembly of Saudi Arabia ( Arabic : مجلس الشورى السعودي , romanized : Maǧlis aš-Šūrā s-Saʿūdiyy ), also known as Majlis ash-Shura or The Shura Council,
2074-414: The mandate of Majlis Al-Shura was broadened in 2004 to include proposing new legislation and amending existing laws without prior submission to the King. The Assembly has the power to interpret laws, as well as examine annual reports referred to it by state ministries and agencies. It can also advise the king on policies that he submits to it, along with international treaties and economic plans. The Assembly
2135-709: The members in terms of countries where they were educated is as follows: 49% in the United States; 29% in Saudi Arabia ; 16% in the United Kingdom ; 3% in France ; 1% in Germany ; 1% in Egypt ; and 1% in Pakistan . The representation of provinces at the council is given below: Since 2013, the Assembly has included 30 women members out of the total of 150 members. In its original form,
2196-477: The new King, Abdullah, fully came into power. Like all the countries bordering the Persian Gulf , Saudi Arabia under King Fahd focused its industrial development on hydrocarbon installations. Up to this day, the country is reliant on imports for nearly all its light and heavy machinery. King Fahd established a Supreme Council of Islamic Affairs directed by senior family members and technocrats in 1994. The council
2257-662: The path of evil by not traveling to Europe and the United States. This further distanced him from his inconvenient past. In 1990, Iraqi forces under Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait, placing the Iraqi army (then the largest in the Middle East) on the Saudi-Kuwaiti border. King Fahd agreed to host American-led coalition troops in his Kingdom and later allowed American troops to be based there. This decision brought him considerable criticism and opposition from many Saudi citizens, who objected to
2318-621: The period of affluence experienced under his two predecessors. Fearing that the 1979 Revolution in Iran could lead to similar Islamic upheaval in Saudi Arabia, Fahd spent considerable sums, after ascending the throne in 1982, to support Saddam Hussein 's Baathist Iraq in its war with Iran . In fact, according to United States Secretary of State Alexander Haig , Fahd told Haig in April 1981 that he had been used as an intermediary by President Jimmy Carter to convey an official U.S. " green light to launch
2379-429: The post of second deputy prime minister which was not materialized by the king. After the murder of King Faisal in 1975 and the accession of King Khalid, Fahd was named first deputy prime minister and concurrently crown prince. Besides King Khalid, Prince Fahd had three elder half-brothers living at that time: Muhammad , Nasser and Saad . However, Prince Muhammad had denied appointment by King Faisal as crown prince
2440-692: The presence of foreign troops on Saudi soil; this was a casus belli against the Saudi royal family prominently cited by Osama bin Laden and Al Qaeda . His decision was also objected to by his full brothers or the Sudairi Seven. Another cause for criticism came when during an event with the British Royal Family, King Fahd was seen wearing a white decoration in the shape of a cross; in 1994 Bin Laden cited this as "abomination" and "clearly infidelity". King Fahd showed little tolerance for reformists. In 1992,
2501-421: The request of Crown Prince Khalid due to the fact that he himself did not want to continue to preside over the council of ministers. King Faisal was not very enthusiastic about the appointment of Prince Fahd to the post. Between October 1969 and May 1970 Prince Fahd was on leave which was regarded by Nadav Safran as an indication of major confrontation in the government. One of the reasons for this confrontation
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2562-409: The royal family members. On the other hand, Majlis ash-Shura was not officially dissolved and remained ineffective until King Fahd revived it in 2000. King Fahd decreed a new Majlis ash-Shura Law on 24 November 2000, which replaced the previous law that had been effective since 1928, and decreed the bylaws of the council and their supplements on 22 August 1993. The first term council (1993–1997) had
2623-645: The same amount. When Fahd's brothers found out about his habits which were considered a disgrace to the House of Saud, he was immediately summoned to King Faisal's palace. Upon arrival, King Faisal slapped him across the face. From then on, Fahd was more circumspect and put a stop to his un-Islamic habits. King Fahd was married at least thirteen times. The spouses of King Fahd were as follows: King Fahd had six sons and four daughters. His sons are: One of his daughters, Latifa bint Fahd , died at age 54 in Geneva in late December 2013. Another daughter, Al Jawhara bint Fahd,
2684-459: The second-richest person in the world at that time). Forbes estimated Fahd's wealth to be $ 25 billion in 2002. In addition to residences in Saudi Arabia, he had a palace on Spain's Costa del Sol which made Marbella a famous place. King Fahd was known to enjoy luxurious living abroad and a lavish lifestyle. He visited the ports of the French Riviera in his 147-metre (482 ft) yacht,
2745-516: The signing of the Charter of the United Nations . On this trip he served under Prince Faisal who was at the time Saudi Arabia's foreign minister. Fahd led his first official state visit in 1953, attending the coronation of Queen Elizabeth II on behalf of the House of Saud. On 24 December 1953, he was appointed as Saudi Arabia's first education minister. Prince Fahd led the Saudi delegation to
2806-467: The title " Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques " in 1986, replacing "His Majesty", to signify an Islamic rather than secular authority. Unlike the reigns of King Faisal and King Khalid, his reign witnessed significant decrease in the oil price which sharply reduced the oil revenues of Saudi Arabia. Due to this Madawi Al Rasheed described the reign of King Fahd as the era of austerity in contrast to
2867-601: The topic of no women and is led by chairman Dr. Abdullah bin Mohammed al ash Sheikh , who is former minister of Justice. He is regarded as a highly respected Islamic scholar, and its appointment is considered to be a move to reassure religious conservatives that the Majlis is being guided by Sharia in its deliberations. The deputy chairman in the fifth term is Dr. Bandar bin Mohammed Hamza Asad Hajar. Assistant chairman
2928-468: The total of 150 members, after a 20 percent minimum quota for women was imposed. The Consultative Assembly is headed by a Speaker. As of 2016 , the Speaker was Abdullah ibn Muhammad Al ash-Sheikh . The Assembly is based in al-Yamamah Palace , Riyadh . The Consultative Assembly is permitted to propose draft laws and forward them to the king, but only the King has the power to pass or enforce them. However,
2989-645: The war against Iran " to Iraq, although there is considerable skepticism about this claim. Fahd was a supporter of the United Nations. He supported foreign aid and gave 5.5% of Saudi Arabia's national income through various funds, especially the Saudi Fund for Development and the OPEC Fund for International Development . He also gave aid to foreign groups such as the Bosnian Muslims in the Yugoslav Wars , as well as
3050-661: The week. The state flag was not lowered (since the flag of Saudi Arabia bears the Shahada , the Islamic declaration of faith , the flag's protocol requires the flag not to be lowered). After Fahd's death, many Arab countries declared mourning periods. Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Lebanon, Morocco, Oman, Qatar, Syria, Yemen, the Arab League in Cairo, and the Palestinian Authority all declared three-day mourning periods. Pakistan and
3111-479: Was Abdulrahman bin Abdullah Al Barrak from February 2009 to December 2011. Secretary-general of the Assembly is Mohammed A. Al Ghamdi. Al Ghamdi, whose four-year term expired in May 2012, was replaced by Mohammed al Amr as the new secretary general of the council. The Council members appear to be chosen from different provinces, representing three significant groups: religious establishment, bureaucracy and
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#17328588868103172-516: Was Crown Prince of Saudi Arabia from 1975 to 1982. He was the eighth son of King Abdulaziz , the founder of modern Saudi Arabia. Fahd was the eldest of the Sudairi Seven , the sons of King Abdulaziz by Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi . He served as minister of education from 1953 to 1962 during the reign of King Saud . Afterwards he was minister of interior from 1962 to 1975, at the end of King Saud's reign and throughout King Faisal 's reign. He
3233-456: Was appointed crown prince when his half-brother Khalid became king following the assassination of King Faisal in 1975. Fahd was viewed as the de facto leader of the country during King Khalid's reign in part due to the latter's ill health. Upon the death of King Khalid in 1982, Fahd ascended to the throne. He is credited for having introduced the Basic Law of Saudi Arabia in 1992. He suffered
3294-450: Was established by King Faisal. However, the relations between King Faisal and Prince Fahd were still strained due to Prince Fahd's gambling visits to Monte Carlo , Monaco. In addition, Prince Fahd was not a supporter of the oil embargo which he regarded as a potential threat to the relationships between Saudi Arabia and the United States of America. Because of these and other disagreements King Faisal had planned to remove Prince Fahd from
3355-575: Was for vacations, and he was sometimes absent from Saudi Arabia for months at a time. When his oldest son and International Olympic Committee member Prince Faisal bin Fahd died in 1999, the King was in Spain and did not return for the funeral. In a speech to an Islamic conference on 30 August 2003, King Fahd condemned terrorism and exhorted Muslim clerics to emphasize peace, security, cooperation, justice, and tolerance in their sermons. Fortune Magazine reported his wealth in 1988 at $ 18 billion (making him
3416-574: Was founded by King Abdulaziz on 13 January 1926. It was first named the Shura Council of the Hijaz and chaired by his son, King Faisal . However, the complete institutionalization of the assembly was finalized in 1932. Later, it was expanded to include twenty-five members at the beginning of King Saud 's reign. However, its functions were transferred to the Cabinet of Ministers due to political pressures of
3477-405: Was one of the members of the inner family council led by King Khalid, which included Fahd's brothers Muhammad, Abdullah, Sultan and Abdul Muhsin and his uncles Ahmed and Musaid . When King Khalid died on 13 June 1982, Fahd succeeded to the throne being the fifth king of Saudi Arabia. However, the most active period of his life was not his reign, but when he was Crown Prince. King Fahd adopted
3538-615: Was planned to function as an ombudsman of Islamic activity concerning educational, economic, and foreign policy matters. The chairman of the council was Prince Sultan. Prince Nayef, Prince Saud Al Faisal and technocrat Mohammed bin Ali Aba Al Khail were appointed to the newly established council. One of the covert purposes of the council was thought to be to reduce the power of the Ulemas Council had been increasing its power. In an effort to institutionalize succession King Fahd issued
3599-648: Was the disagreement between King Faisal and Prince Fahd concerning security policies. Because King Faisal accused him of being late to implement severe measures to arrest those who had contacts with the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). The PFLP attacked and damaged the Saudi-owned Trans-Arabian Pipeline in the Golan Heights on 31 May 1969 and also, was planning a plot against
3660-616: Was the eighth son of King Abdulaziz, and his eldest son by Hassa bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. Fahd and his six full brothers are known as the Sudairi Seven . Fahd was Hassa's second son; his elder half-brother Abdullah bin Muhammad was his mother's only son from her previous marriage to Prince Muhammad bin Abdul Rahman , Fahd's paternal uncle. Fahd's education took place at the Princes' School in Riyadh,
3721-699: Was the wife of Turki bin Mohammad bin Saud Al Kabeer and died in June 2016. Another daughter princess Lulwa bint Fahd also died on 18 April 2022. His daughters are: King Fahd was admitted to the King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh on 27 May 2005 in "stable but serious condition" for unspecified medical tests. An official (who insisted on anonymity) told the Associated Press unofficially that
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