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29-504: The group formed during the romantic period. It focused on folklore and history. It also aimed for pan-Slavic unity. The members used Old Slavic pseudonyms . Shashkevych was called Ruslan. Vahylevych was Dalybor. Holovatsky was Yaroslav. The group attracted young supporters. They wanted to help their community. Some members joined Polish revolutionary groups. Others collected folk stories and studied Ukrainian history. They also translated Slavic works and wrote their own. The group believed in

58-420: A person's patron saint, having already attained the beatific vision , is able to intercede with God for their needs. Apart from Lutheranism and Anglicanism, it is, however, generally discouraged in other Protestant branches, such as Reformed Christianity , where the practice is considered a form of idolatry . A saint can be assigned as a patron by a venerable tradition, or chosen by election. The saint

87-531: A city which grew to prominence obtained for its cathedral the remains or some relics of a famous saint who had lived and was buried elsewhere, thus making them the city's patron saint – such a practice conferred considerable prestige on the city concerned. In Latin America and the Philippines , Spanish and Portuguese explorers often named a location for the saint on whose feast or commemoration day they first visited

116-7234: A guest at someone's place), Krszczon ('baptized'), Radovan , Dragan , Željan , Dejan, Nayden , Mirjana . Diminutive and hypocoristic ( endearing ) names deriving from the above-mentioned dithematic names are created by using different diminutive suffixes . Such names are very popular in everyday usage, and usually are created by replacing part of the name with the suffix -ek (masculine, predominantly West Slavic; e.g. Polish Włodzi mierz – Włod ek ), -ko (masculine, predominantly South Slavic and Ukrainian), -ka (feminine; also masculine in Russian), or -a : Mila, Luba , Staszek , Radek, Władek , Zlatko , Zlata, Volodya , Bronek , Leszek , Dobrusia , Slavko , Wojtek , Mirka , Bogusia, Slava , Zdravko, Zbyszko , Miłosz , Staś , Przemek , Bolko , Draho , Željko , Borya (fight), Boško, Božica, Božana, Branko, Branka, Braniša, Borko, Budimka, Hvališa, Dobar, Dobra, Dragoš, Dragica, Dragi, Draga, Dragoş , Miloš, Slavko, Slavica, Slavisa , Svetlana, Wít, Zdenka, Bratko, Braco, Braca, Bato, Bata, Batica, etc. Some Slavic names have gained popularity in other (non-Slavic) countries, e.g.: Natasha , Nadia , Vera , Mila, Svante , Boris , Vladimir , Mirko , Laszlo , Casimir , Wenzel , Milena , Estanislao , Vlad, Mircea , Bronislovas, Radu , Vesna, Wanda , Ladislao , Bogdan, etc. The following list contains only canonized Saints . Beatified Saints with Slavic names (e.g. Saint Ceslaus , Saint Radim ) are not included. Bohdan, Bohumyl, Bozhydar, Bazhan, Boryslav, Borys, Boryslav , Bronyslav, Volodymyr, Volodyslav (Vladyslav), Viacheslav, Vseslav, Vsevolod, Vadym, Myloslav , Myroslav, Mstyslav, Mechyslav, Radym, Radymyr/Radomir , Radoslav, Rostyslav , Stanyslav, Sviatopolk , Sviatoslav , Zhadan, Zorian, Tykhomyr, Liubomyr, Yaroslav, Yaromyr. Bohdana, Bazhana, Boleslava, Boryslava , Boronyslava, Liubomyra, Liubov, Liubava, Liudmyla/Liudmylla , Myloslava , Myroslava, Mechyslava, Nadiia , Slava, Lara, Zoriana, Zoreslava, Snizhana , Stanyslava , Svitlana , Volodymyra, Vira, Volodyslava , Yaroslava Bogdan , Borislav , Bronislav, Kazimir , Iziaslav, Miloslav , Miroslav, Mstislav, Radimir/Radomir , Radoslav, Rostislav , Stanislav , Svyatopolk , Svyatoslav , Vadim , Vlad, Vladimir , Vladislav , Vsevolod, Vyacheslav , Yaroslav Bogdana, Borislava , Bronislava, Lyubov , Lyudmila , Miloslava , Miroslava, Nadezhda , Rada, Radoslava, Slava, Snezhana , Stanislava , Svetlana , Vera , Vladislava , Yaroslava Albena, Beloslava, Bilyana, Bisera, Bistra, Blaga, Blagorodna, Blagovesta, Blaguna, Bogdana, Boryana, Borislava, Boyana , Boyka, Bozhana, Bozhidara , Branimira , Darina, Denitsa, Desislava, Dobra, Dobryana, Dobrinka, Dobromira , Dragana, Elka, Grozda, Grozdana, Iskra, Iva, Ivayla, Ivelina, Kalina, Krasimira , Kosara, Lyuba, Lara, Lyubomira , Lyudmila , Lyubka, Lyubov, Malina, Miglena, Mila, Militsa, Milka , Milanka, Milena, Mira, Miriana, Mirolyuba, Miroslava, Nadezhda, Nadia, Neda, Nedelya, Nedyalka, Nevena, Ognyana , Plamena, Preslava, Prolet, Rada, Radina, Radka, Radost, Radostina, Radoslava, Radosveta, Ralitsa, Rositsa, Rostislava, Rumena, Rumyana, Slavena, Slavina, Slavka, Snezha, Snezhana, Snezhanka, Snezhina, Spasena, Spaska, Stanimira , Stanislava, Stanka, Stilyana, Stoyanka, Stoyna, Svetla, Svetlana, Svetoslava , Svetozara , Svilena, Tsveta, Tsvetanka, Tsvetelina, Tsvetomira, Tsviata, Velika, Velislava, Velizara, Velmira , Vera, Vesela, Veselina, Vyara , Vihra, Vladislava, Zdravka , Vyara, Zhivka, Zlata, Zlatina, Zora, Zorka, Zornitsa Biser, Blago, Blagoy, Blagovest, Blagun, Bogdan, Bogomil , Boril, Boris, Borislav, Borko, Boyan , Boyko, Bozhidar , Bozhil, Bozhin, Branimir , Darin, Darko, Delcho, Delyan, Denislav, Desislav, Deyan, Dragan, Dragomir , Dobri, Dobrin, Dobrolyub, Dobromir , Dobroslav, Goran, Grozdan, Iskren, Ivaylo, Kalin, Kamen, Kliment, Krasimir , Krastan, Krastyo, Lachezar, Lyuben, Lyubomir, Lyuboslav, Lyudmil, Malin, Milan, Milcho, Milen , Milko, Mirko, Miro, Miroslav, Mladen, Momchil, Naum , Nayden, Nedelcho, Nedyalko, Ognian, Ognyan , Orlin, Parvan, Plamen, Preslav, Radi, Radko, Radomir, Radoslav, Radosvet, Radoy, Raicho, Rayko, Razvigor, Rosen, Rostislav, Rumen, Sneg, Slav, Slavcho, Slavi, Slavyan, Slavko, Slavomir , Spas, Stanimir , Stanislav, Stanko, Stoil, Stoyan, Stoycho, Stoyko, Strahil, Svetlin, Svetoslav , Svetozar , Svilen, Tihomir , Tomislav , Traicho, Traiko, Tsvetan, Tsvetomir, Tsvetozar, Valko, Varban, Velichko, Veliko, Velin, Velislav, Velizar, Velko, Ventseslav , Ventsislav, Veselin, Vesselin, Vihren, Vitomir , Vladimir, Vladislav, Volen, Yasen, Yavor, Zdravko, Zhelyazko, Zhivko, Zlatan, Zlatko, Zlatomir, Zvezdelin Berislava , Biserka, Blaga, Blagica, Blaženka, Bogdana, Bogomila, Bogumila, Borka, Borislava, Božena , Božica, Božidarka , Branimira, Branka , Buga, Cvita, Cvijeta, Čedna, Danica, Davorka , Divna, Dragana, Dragica, Draženka, Dubravka , Dunja, Hrvatina, Hrvoja, Hrvojka , Jasenka, Jasna, Ljuba , Ljubica, Mila, Milica, Miljenka, Mislava, Mira, Mirka, Mirna, Mojmira, Morana, Nada, Neda, Nediljka, Nevenka, Ognjenka , Ranka, Rašeljka, Ratka, Ruža, Ružica, Sanja, Slava, Slavica, Slavenka , Smiljana, Spomenka, Srebrenka, Stanislava, Stana, Stanka, Snješka, Snježana , Sunčana, Sunčica, Svitlana, Svjetlana, Tjeha, Tihana, Tihomila, Tuga, Vedrana, Vera, Verica, Vjera, Vesna, Vjekoslava , Vlasta, Vlatka , Zdenka , Zlata, Zora, Zorica, Zorka, Zrinka, Zrina , Zvjezdana, Zvonimira, Zvonka , Željka, Živka Berislav , Berivoj, Blago, Bogdan, Bogumil, Bogoljub, Bogomil, Boris, Borislav, Borna , Božetjeh, Božidar , Božo, Bratislav, Budimir , Branimir, Brajko, Branko, Braslav, Bratoljub, Cvitko, Cvjetko, Časlav , Častimir, Čedomir, Dalibor , Damir , Darko, Davor , Davorin, Davorko, Desimir, Dobroslav, Dobrovit, Domagoj , Dragan, Drago , Dragoslav , Dragutin, Dražan, Dražen , Draženko, Držiha, Držislav, Godemir , Gojko, Gojislav, Gojslav, Goran, Grubiša, Hrvatin, Hrvoj, Hrvoje , Hrvoslav, Kazimir, Kažimir, Jasenko, Klonimir, Krešimir, Krešo , Krševan, Lavoslav, Ljubomir , Ljudevit, Milan, Mile, Milivoj , Milovan , Miljenko, Mirko, Miro, Miroslav, Miroš, Mislav, Mladen, Mojmir, Mutimir, Nediljko, Nedjeljko, Nenad , Neven, Njegomir, Njegovan, Ognjen, Ostoja, Ozren, Predrag , Pribislav , Prvan, Prvoslav, Prvoš, Radimir, Radomir, Radoš, Rajko, Ranko, Ratimir , Ratko, Rato, Radovan, Radoslav, Siniša , Slaven, Slaviša, Slavoljub , Snješko, Slavomir, Smiljan, Spomenko, Srebrenko, Srećko, Stanislav, Stanko, Strahimir, Svetoslav, Tihomil, Tihomir, Tješimir, Tomislav, Tomo, Tugomir, Tvrtko, Trpimir, Vatroslav , Većeslav , Vedran , Velimir , Veselko, Vidoslav, Vjekoslav , Vjenceslav , Višeslav, Vitomir, Vjeran, Vladimir, Vlado , Vlatko, Vojmil, Vojmir, Vojnomir, Vuk, Zdenko, Zdeslav , Zdravko, Zorislav, Zoran , Zrinko, Zrinoslav , Zlatko, Zvonimir , Zvonko , Želimir, Željko, Živko Patron saint A patron saint , patroness saint , patron hallow or heavenly protector

145-530: A unified Ukrainian identity. They said the Ruthenians of Galicia , Bukovyna , and Transcarpathia were one people. They had their own language and culture. The group was inspired by Ukrainians under Russian rule. They looked up to works by Ivan Kotliarevskyi and others. The Triad tried to publish their works. Their first two collections were not published. These were Syn Rusi in 1833 and Zoria in 1834. Their third collection, Rusalka Dnistrovaia ("Mermaid of

174-507: Is a saint who in Catholicism , Lutheranism , Anglicanism , Eastern Orthodoxy or Oriental Orthodoxy is regarded as the heavenly advocate of a nation, place, craft, activity, class, clan, family, or person. The term may be applied to individuals to whom similar roles are ascribed in other religions . Saints often become the patrons of places where they were born or had been active. However, there were cases in medieval Europe where

203-489: Is considered a special intercessor with God and the proper advocate of a particular locality, occupation, etc., and merits a special form of religious observance. A term in some ways comparable is "titular", which is applicable only to a church or institution. Although Islam has no codified doctrine of patronage on the part of saints, it has nevertheless been an important part of both Sunni and Shia Islamic traditions that particularly important classical saints have served as

232-510: The Bull of Gniezno . Certain names were reserved for monarchs (e.g. in Poland: Kazimierz, Władysław, Bolesław). Examples are listed below. As an example of the pattern: Władysław contains the prefix wład (to rule, ruler) and the suffix sław (fame, glory). Note that feminine equivalents usually end in a (e.g. Bogusław - Bogusław a ). These are derived either from the past participle (in

261-625: The Christian Church and are given at a child's baptism . Old Slavic names were built with one or two lexemes : Single-lexeme names were derived from ordinary or adjectival words and were usually, though not always, borne by peasants, e.g.: Baran (ram), Szydło (awl), Kąkol (cockle), Broda (beard, chin), Żyła (vein), Uchacz (ear-man), Łopata (shovel), Żaba (frog), Rus (Ruthenian/Russian man), Cich (silent man), etc. Many names of this kind are used today, for example: Dithematic names are built with two lexemes. Kaleta 1995 notes that "In

290-459: The Slavic languages are most common in Slavic countries . The main types of Slavic names : In pre-Christian traditions , a child less than 7–10 years old would bear a "substitutional name", the purpose of which was to deflect attention from the child and thereby to protect it from the curiosity of evil powers. The practice was largely the result of the high mortality rate of young children at

319-683: The 18th century. Elijah and Jethro ( Shuaib ) are considered patron saints of the Druze people . In the Old Testament , Jethro was Moses ' father-in-law, a Kenite shepherd and priest of Midian . Muslim scholars and the Druze identify Jethro with the prophet Shuaib, also said to come from Midian. Shuaib or Jethro of Midian is considered an ancestor of the Druze who revere him as their spiritual founder and chief prophet. Druze identify Elijah as "al- Khidr ". Druze, like some Christians , believe that

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348-709: The Christian calendar, which contained only a handful of Slavic saints' names, in particular: Kazimierz (St. Casimir), Stanisław (St. Stanislaus), Wacław (St. Wenceslaus) and Władysław (St. Ladislaus). Slavic names that referred to God (e.g., Bogdan , Bogumił ) were also permitted. East Slavic names were based on common Slavic names such as Volodiměrŭ ( Володимѣръ - "great ruler"), Svętopŭlkŭ ( Свѧтопълкъ - " holy regiment"), Jęropŭlkŭ ( Ѩропълкъ - "furious regiment"), Voislavŭ ( Воиславъ - " glorious warrior"), Borislavŭ ( Бориславъ - "glorious fighter"), Borisŭ ( Борисъ - "fighter"), Liubomirŭ ( Любомиръ - "loves

377-582: The Dniester"), was published in 1836 in Budapest. Most copies were taken away soon after. In 1834, the Ruthenian Triad attempted to publish a folklore and literary collection, Zora , in which folk songs, works by members of the group, and materials condemning foreign oppression and glorifying the heroic struggle of Ukrainians for their liberation were to be published. However, censorship banned its publication, and

406-659: The Greek Church has increased and most pagan names were displaced by Christian names. Since national revivals during 19th and 20th centuries, traditional names, especially of historical rulers and heroes, regained popularity. For example, in Poland many forgotten names were resurrected, such as Bronisław , Bolesław , Dobiesław , Dobrosław , Jarosław, Mirosław , Przemysław , Radosław , Sławomir , Wiesław , Zdzisław , and Zbigniew; and new ones created, such as Lechosław and Wieńczysław. Today, traditional Slavic names are accepted by

435-566: The Prophet Elijah came back as Saint John the Baptist , since they believe in reincarnation and the transmigration of the soul, Druze believe that El Khidr and Saint John the Baptist are one and the same; along with Saint George . Due to the Christian influence on the Druze faith , two Christian saints become the Druze's favorite venerated figures: Saint George and Saint Elijah. Thus, in all

464-458: The activities of the Ruthenian Triad. Czech Slavist Jan Kovbek also had. Rusalka Dnistrovaia was banned by the Austrian government. Only 200 out of 1,000 copies were sold, given to friends and kept for themselves, the rest were confiscated. The Ruthenian Triad group ceased its activities in 1843 after the death of Shashkevych. The collection was important. It used spoken Ukrainian language. This

493-399: The case of Old Germanic and Old Slavic personal names, the dithematic name form contained a wish for the new-born child. These wishes pertained to the values that obtained in these early times". In Poland alone, over 600 masculine names , 120 feminine names and 150 different affixes ( lexemes ) are known. These have been reconstructed from place names and the (scarce) written sources such as

522-620: The compilers of the collection were closely monitored by the police. A significant merit of the Ruthenian Triad was the publication of the almanac Rusalka Dnistrovaia (Budyn, now Budapest, 1837, which, instead of Iazychie , introduced a living vernacular in Galicia, starting a new Ukrainian literature there). The idea of Slavic reciprocity permeated by the Dniester Mermaid is related to Kollar's poem Slavy dcera (1824), which greatly inspired

551-626: The heavenly advocates for specific Muslim empires , nations , cities , towns , and villages . Martin Lings wrote: "There is scarcely a region in the empire of Islam which has not a Sufi for its Patron Saint." As the veneration accorded saints often develops purely organically in Islamic climates, in a manner different from Catholic and Eastern Orthodox Christianity , "patron saints" are often recognized through popular acclaim rather than through official declaration. Traditionally, it has been understood that

580-420: The passive voice), e.g.: Bojan , Chocian, Kochan, Miłowan, Pomian, Stator, Wygnan, or the present participle (in the active voice), e.g.: Cieszym, Myślim, Radzim, Borzym. Such names are repositories of perhaps the largest source of sociological data about the ancient Slavic people . They have a variety of purposes, which can be listed as follows: Other examples: Poznan ('known', 'recognized'), Goszczon (being

609-448: The patron saint of a particular place prays for that place's wellbeing and for the health and happiness of all who live therein. However, the Wahhabi and Salafi movements have latterly attacked the veneration of saints (as patron or otherwise), which they claim are a form of idolatry or shirk . More mainstream Sunni clerics have critiqued this argument since Wahhabism first emerged in

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638-471: The peace"), Ratiborŭ (Ратиборъ "war fighter"), Vadimŭ ("Вадимъ") or Badan (belonging to the wind spirit "Badan") , Jęroslavŭ ( Ѩрославъ ), Izęslavŭ ( Изѧславъ "The one who took the glory"), Mstislavŭ ( Мстиславъ "glorious revenge"), Vĭsevolodŭ ( Вьсеволодъ "lord of everything"). In the 11th century, after the growing influence of the Christian Church, the tendency to use the names of saints of

667-426: The place, with that saint naturally becoming the area's patron. Occupations sometimes have a patron saint who had been connected somewhat with it, although some of the connections were tenuous. Lacking such a saint, an occupation would have a patron whose acts or miracles in some way recall the profession. For example, when the previously unknown occupation of photography appeared in the 19th century, Saint Veronica

696-485: The time. A child who survived to 7–10 years was considered worthy of care and was granted adult status and a new adult name during a ritual first haircut . Traditional names remained dominant until the Slavic nations converted to Christianity . Since then, however, baptismal names came into use, which were given after the patron saint of the newly baptized. Even after that, the traditional names persisted in everyday use, while in religious matters baptismal name

725-706: The traditional Slavic names which did not enter the calendar of either Orthodox or Catholic Church generally fell out of use. For Catholic Slavs, the decisive event was the Council of Trent (1545–63) decreed that every Catholic should have a Christian name instead of a native one. After the ban on native non-Christian names imposed by the Council of Trent, the Polish nobility (especially Protestants ) attempted to preserve traditional names, such as Zbigniew and Jarosław . Ordinary people, however, tended to choose names solely from

754-448: The villages inhabited by Druzes and Christians in central Mount Lebanon a Christian church or Druze maqam is dedicated to either one of them. According to scholar Ray Jabre Mouawad the Druzes appreciated the two saints for their bravery: Saint George because he confronted the dragon and the Prophet Elijah because he competed with the pagan priests of Baal and won over them. In both cases

783-544: Was involved; thus, many persons had and used two names simultaneously. This is exemplified by how the Slavic saints of that time are referred to up to nowadays: e.g. St. Boris and Gleb , in holy baptism Roman and David. As the Slavic saints became more numerous, more traditional names entered the Church calendar; but more prominent was the overall decline in the number of people bearing traditional names. Finally, in 16th–17th century

812-469: Was made its patron, owing to how her veil miraculously received the imprint of Christ 's face after she wiped off the blood and sweat. The veneration or commemoration and recognition of patron saints or saints in general is found in Catholicism (including Eastern Catholicism ), Eastern Orthodoxy , Oriental Orthodoxy , and among some Lutherans and Anglicans . According to the Catholic catechism

841-892: Was new for literature in Austria-Hungary . The Triad's work had similarities with Jan Kollár's sonnets. Kollár's collection was Slávy dcera . The Ruthenian Triad is important in Ukrainian literature. They helped develop a Ukrainian national identity. They also promoted the use of Ukrainian language in literature. Slavic names Pontic Steppe Caucasus East Asia Eastern Europe Northern Europe Pontic Steppe Northern/Eastern Steppe Europe South Asia Steppe Europe Caucasus India Indo-Aryans Iranians East Asia Europe East Asia Europe Indo-Aryan Iranian Indo-Aryan Iranian Others European Given names originating from

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