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34-663: The head of the Church carries the title of Metropolitan of Moscow and all Russia (since 1988), with residence at the Rogozhskoye cemetery in Moscow . The current head of the Church, Metropolitan Cornelius (Titov) was elected by the Most Holy Council on October 18, 2005. He was installed as Metropolitan on October 23, 2005. The only pre-Petrine monastery still held by the Old Believers

68-570: A municipal school. The Cemetery also retains a number of old two-story buildings; some are operating, some dilapidated and expecting a complete rebuild (like the Cemetery Hotel, adjacent to St. Nicholas). Historical graves of Rogozhskoe cemetery significantly differ from contemporary Moscow cemeteries due to their Old Believer roots. Most graves are shaped as plain stone crosses; there are no empire style column-shaped graves or personified sculptures. The largest and richest family burial belongs to

102-557: A tight control from the Soviet secret services. However, the time of perestroika and subsequent changes in the country's political, cultural and economic life had a little effect on the position of the Old-Rite Church in the Russian society - the 17-year tenure of Metropolitan Alimpius (Gusev) is by some considered a time of "recollection". His follower, Metropolitan Andrian (Chetvergov) in

136-693: Is called after the name of the see of the First Hierarch Belaya Krinitsa , Bukovina , in Austria-Hungary (currently Chernivtsi Oblast , Ukraine ). Major sponsorship for organizing this hierarchy (search for a metropolitan, organizing the necessary facilities, smuggling of candidates for priesthood etc. through the Russian border in both directions) came also from the Russian Old Believers merchant families, such as Ryabushinskie and Morozovy . Some confusions may occur when using

170-491: Is the Uleima Convent near Uglich . Autocephaly recognized by some autocephalous Churches de jure : Autocephaly and canonicity recognized by Constantinople and 3 other autocephalous Churches: Spiritual independence recognized by Georgian Orthodox Church: Semi-Autonomous: The conversion of metropolitan Ambrose (Papageorgopolos) of Belaya Krinitsa caused a bitter reaction of Russian Imperial authorities and he

204-677: Is the first full and stable church hierarchy created by the Old Believers . After the reforms of Patriarch Nikon of Moscow in the 1650s, many members of the Russian Orthodox Church refused to acknowledge the changes which he had made to bring the church in line with the Greek Orthodox Church . The Belokrinitskaya hierarchy was created in 1846 by acceptance of the Greek Metropolitan Ambrose . The hierarchy

238-564: The Lipovan Orthodox Old-Rite Church . Rogozhskoye cemetery Rogozhskoe cemetery (Russian: Рогожское кладбище , romanized : Rogozhskoye kladbishche , IPA: [rɐˈɡoʂskəjɪ ˈkladbʲɪɕːɪ] ) in Moscow , Russia , is the spiritual and administrative center of the largest Old Believers denomination, called the Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church . Historically, the name cemetery

272-861: The Morozov dynasty – a 'cemetery within a cemetery' protected by an elaborate wrought iron canopy. The dynasty apparently continues – the last Morozov tomb is dated 2005. Other wealthy businesspeople and Old-Rite clergy were buried in black sarcophagus -styled graves. Only a few tombs, like the 1907 Nikolaev tomb, bear distinct sculptural artwork – of abstract floral design. In the Soviet period, due to proximity to military facilities in Lefortovo , Rogozhskoe cemetery hosted graves of military personnel (currently, 7 graves of Heroes of Soviet Union are listed memorials ). Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy ( Russian : Белокриницкая иерархия , Belokrinitskoe Soglasiye , Russian : Белокриницкое согласие )

306-452: The "Nikonian" Russian Orthodox Church . In 1940, the only bishop who was not imprisoned by the Soviet atheistic authorities was Bishop Sabbas (Ananyev) of Kaluga who, in the same year, single-handedly elevated another bishop - Irenarch (Parfyonov)  [ ru ] - to the see of the Archbishop of Moscow. The period of persecution was followed by the period of relative stability, under

340-458: The 'unlawful' additions; Moscow governor, prince Prozorovsky , complied and assigned architect Semyon Karin to supervise demolition. As a result, the cathedral was built with a single dome resting on an elongated, flat slab with minimalistic neoclassical finishes. Parts of the building are apparently mismatched, revealing the conflict of the client and the Crown. Traces of baroque influence, like

374-408: The 1771 plague were preserved at Rogozhskoe till the 20th century. In the last quarter of the 18th century, the cemetery became a spiritual center of popovtsi Old Believers – a denomination that relied on professional, ordained clergy rather than informal spiritual leaders. By the beginning of the 19th century, popovtsi had built three churches (or chapels). The oldest, dedicated to Saint Nicholas,

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408-431: The 19th century. Church of Nativity, commissioned in 1804, was intended to complement the summer cathedral in winter. It was designed, most likely, by Ivan Zhukov. In line with the fashion of the early 19th century, the design mixes neoclassical layout with Gothic revival details, most visible on the northern and southern facades (the western facade, open to outside world, carries only a neoclassical portico ). Just like

442-542: The February 2004, showed himself as a charismatic and talented leader, concerned with formulating and propagating the cultural and religious "message" of the Old Believers for the modern Russian society. While declaring himself as traditionalist and conservative in his public statements, Andrian took a significant step forward in initiating some form of a dialogue with the Russian Orthodox Church and Russian political establishment. Unfortunately, many such plans were cut short with

476-501: The French troops. The influence of Rogozhskoe clergy grew due to scarcity of Old-Rite clergy in the Russian hinterland; even the basic Old-Rite services, like weddings and confessions, were only available here. As a result, out-of-town pilgrimage quickly multiplied the wealth in Rogozhskoe coffers. Although Old Believers were allowed to build new churches, none of them was a true church from

510-458: The Great Bell Tower . It was designed by Fyodor Gornostaev (artistic design) and Zinovy Ivanov (structural engineering and construction management). Minor work on internal and external finishes continued until 1913. The first floor housed a small Church of Resurrection, the upper floors – library and a sacristy . The bells, all internal finishes and parts of external ornaments were lost in

544-597: The Metropolitanate. The Church has five local bishops and more than 250 parishes in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan. Since several years ago, there have been attempts to restore theological schools for training priests for the Old-Rite Church. The Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church belong to the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy and was until the 16/29 May 2008 in full ecclesiastical and canonical communion with

578-760: The Russian Orthodox Old-Rite Church has re-entered communion with the Russian Old-Orthodox Church . The head of the Church is the Metropolitan of Moscow and All Russia (archbishop in 1846–1988), residing at the Rogozhskoye cemetery in Moscow. He is elected by the highest representative body of the Church - the Holy Council (Освященный Собор). The Council also appoints the members of the Council of

612-557: The Russian border, in Austro-Hungary , creating the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy . In 1791 the community obtained a permit to build the cathedral of Protection of Our Lady. Architectural drafts (eventually lost) were signed by someone Kazakov , which could be either Matvey Kazakov or his lesser-known contemporary Rodion Kazakov . The cathedral, as planned, would have exceeded in size the Dormition Cathedral of Moscow Kremlin; it

646-486: The Soviet period and are being recreated. The Old-Rite Teachers Institute, like the bell tower, emerged in 1912 after lifting the bans on Old Believers. Initially it operated in Nikoloyamskaya Street , managed by Alexander Rybakov (father of Boris Rybakov ). In 1914–1915 the community erected a new Institute (two blocks east from the cathedral); it was closed after the revolution of 1917 and eventually converted to

680-423: The cathedral, Nativity church is a three-aisle slab with a single dome, however, its transepts are more pronounced. The church was insignificantly expanded in 1908–1909, with secondary altars installed in transept niches and more Gothic features added. In the Soviet period the dome was torn down and is being recreated since 2007. The first chapel of the community, St. Nicholas was separated from it in 1854, when

714-496: The cemetery and Old Believer territory. In 1762, the first year of her reign, Catherine II of Russia opened Russia to settlers of all confessions, excluding Jews , in particular inviting the Old Believer fugitives, whose spiritual center at that time was based in present-day Belarus . A group of fugitives who returned to Moscow became the nucleus of future Rogozhskoe community. Moscow Old Believers operated two cemeteries within

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748-411: The circular windows of the main dome, give away its 18th-century roots. As-built design is attributed, by exclusion, to Semyon Karin . Inside, the cathedral has three aisles and eight load-bearing columns, and is decorated in an 'old-looking' style intended to resemble pre- Nikonian cathedrals. The icons actually date back to 15th–16th centuries, while the neoclassical iconostasis clearly belongs to

782-467: The city borders – on near Serpukhov Gates, another on the Tverskaya road. After a devastating plague of 1770–1772 all burials within the city limits were banned; instead, the Crown established new cemeteries well beyond the city border. The new cemetery of Old Believers laid one mile east from city border, between the roads to Vladimir and Ryazan , south from the village Novaya Andronovka. Mass graves from

816-426: The government pressed popovtsi out and granted the church building to edinoverie – a least independent Old Believer denomination in communion with state Orthodox church. Existing St. Nicholas, financed by personal funds of M. P. Alabin, was designed by Vasily Karneev and built in two stages, 1863–1867 and 1879. This church is of a single-aisle type (without internal columns), ornately imitating Moscow baroque of

850-491: The government standpoint. Rather, they were classified as chapels and thus could not provide the full range of services expected from a church, including Holy Liturgy – at least, legally. In 1823 Rogozhskoe was hit by the government for the first time: police searched the community, confiscated the altarpiece donated by Matvey Platov and shut down all churches. They reopened soon on condition that Old Believers will no longer serve Holy Liturgy. Nicholas I of Russia increased

884-491: The late 17th century. Present-day St. Nicholas belongs to mainline Russian Orthodox church, since edinoverie practically disintegrated in the 20th century. The tallest and most visible building of the Cemetery, a free-standing bell tower was built in 1908–1909, soon after the government lifted prior ban on Old Believer church construction. Rogozhskoe tower is exactly one meter lower than Moscow's tallest religious building – Ivan

918-434: The pressure, banning ordination of new Old-Rite priests and relocation of existing Old-Rite priests from town to town. As a result, by the 1850s Rogozhskoe clergy shrunk through natural attrition to just three priests and the government confiscated the unused St. Nicholas church in favour of more acceptable edinoverie denomination. Old Believers of Rogozhskoe reacted by establishing a new spiritual and educational center beyond

952-634: The term Belokrinitskoe soglasie in respect to a schism of Okruzhniki (Encyclicalists) and Neokruzhniki (Non-Encyclicalists). From one point of view, both sides of a schism originated from the Rogozhskoe cemetery administrative system and so both belong to the Belokrinitskoe soglasie From the other side, the Rogozhskoe cemetery priests and authorities were Okruzhniki almost entirely, so the term Belokrinitskoe soglasie can sometimes mean Okruzhniki. Currently, there are two administratively independent branches of

986-470: The unexpected death of Metropolitan Andrian on August 10, 2005 during pilgrimage in one of the remote regions of Russia (he had a chronic heart condition). Many questioned the willingness of the church leadership to continue on the "new course" chosen by Andrian. However, the new Metropolitan Cornelius, elected on October 18, 2005, confirmed that he will continue on the policy of openness to the Russian society, started by his predecessor. As of October 17, 2017,

1020-504: Was applied to the whole Old Believer community, with living quarters, cathedral, almshouses , libraries, archives and the Old-Rite Institute (established in 1907). Actual 12 hectare cemetery is now a non-denominational municipal burial site; the Old Believers operate a closed spiritual community in the southern part of the historical Rogozhsky township, while Russian Orthodox church operates church of Saint Nicholas, located between

1054-414: Was intended for use in summer only due to high costs of heating in winter. The builders laid down the foundation even larger than Kazakov's design; worse, they changed the design from a single dome to five domes. In summer 1792, when the walls were nearly complete, Orthodox clergy 'uncovered the plot' and alerted Empress Catherine . Catherine, wary of growing influence of the dissidents, ordered demolition of

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1088-540: Was laid down in 1776 (on the site of present-day Saint Nicholas church of the Orthodox denomination). By the end of Alexander I reign, the sloboda around the cemetery grew up into a small town with five convents ; informal leadership of the Cemetery was vested to Mother Pulcheria (born Pelagea Shevlyukova), and later father Ivan Yastrebov, who gained influence during the September 1812 for saving treasures of Rogozhskoe from

1122-566: Was radically changed with the publication in 1905 of the Emperor's Ukaz "On Religious Tolerance", soon followed by the "unsealing" of the altars at the important religious and cultural center of Old Believers, the Rogozhskoye cemetery . After the coming of the Bolsheviks to power in 1917 and the Civil war, the Old-Rite Church was subjected to innumerable sufferings and persecutions, just as its former rival,

1156-457: Was soon pressed to leave his see, but not before he consecrated another bishop for his new Church - archbishop Суril (Timofeyev). The activity of the Belokrinitskaya Hierarchy on the territory of the Russian Empire met with numerous obstructions from Russian imperial authorities, as well as with an internal schism (see Okruzhniki , Neokruzhniki ) caused by an Encyclical of 1862. The situation

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