58-1805: (Redirected from Ruby Jubilee ) A ruby jubilee marks a 40th anniversary. Ruby jubilees in recent history [ edit ] Monarch Year of Ruby Jubilee King Frederick William III of Prussia 1837 Günther Friedrich Karl II, Prince of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen 1875 Emperor Pedro II of Brazil 1881 Frederick Francis II, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin 1882 Ernest II, Duke of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha 1884 George Tupou I of Tonga 1885 George Victor, Prince of Waldeck and Pyrmont 1885 Franz Joseph I Emperor of Austria & King of Hungary 1888 Peter II, Grand Duke of Oldenburg 1893 Charles Alexander, Grand Duke of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach 1893 Ernst I, Duke of Saxe-Altenburg 1893 Johann II of Liechtenstein 1898 Frederick I, Grand Duke of Baden 1898 Heinrich XXII, Prince Reuss of Greiz 1899 Frederick William, Grand Duke of Mecklenburg-Strelitz 1900 King Norodom of Cambodia 1901 Emperor Gojong of Korea 21 Jan 1904 King Carol I of Romania 10 May 1906 George II, Duke of Saxe-Meiningen 1906 King Chulalongkorn (Rama V) of Siam 1908 Emperor Meiji of Japan 1908 King Alfonso XIII of Spain 1926 Sobhuza II of Swaziland 1939 King Gustaf V of Sweden 1947 Sālote Tupou III of Tonga 1958 Emperor Showa of Japan Dec 1966 Franz Joseph II of Liechtenstein 1978 King Bhumibol Adulyadej (Rama IX) of Thailand 1986 Prince Rainier III of Monaco 1989 Queen Elizabeth II of
116-461: A Persian Gulf dispute that saw Saudi Arabia and its allies impose an embargo on Qatar in 2017. In October 2018, Qaboos invited Prime Minister of Israel Benjamin Netanyahu to visit Oman, despite his country not having official diplomatic ties with Israel. Netanyahu was the first Israeli prime minister to visit Oman since Shimon Peres in 1996. Qaboos financed the construction or maintenance of
174-573: A civil life with a problem-free marriage, which did not change even when he became King of Prussia in 1797. His wife Louise was particularly loved by the people of Prussia , which boosted the popularity of the whole House of Hohenzollern , including the King himself. Frederick William succeeded to the throne on 16 November 1797. He also became, in personal union , the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel (1797–1806 and again 1813–1840). At once,
232-612: A degree of secrecy regarding his personal life. His choice to remain single, along with the rumors regarding his private relationships, added an element of ambiguity to his persona. From 2014, Qaboos suffered from colon cancer , for which he received treatment. On 14 December 2019, he was reported to be terminally ill with a short time to live after his stay for medical treatment in UZ Leuven in Belgium and returned home because he wanted to die in his own country. He died on 10 January 2020 at
290-627: A desalination plant, and the government encouraged the growth of private enterprise, especially in development projects. Banks, hotels, insurance companies, and print media began to appear as the country developed economically. The Omani riyal was established as the national currency, replacing the Indian rupee and Maria Theresa thaler . Later, additional ports were built, and universities were opened. In his first year in power, Qaboos also abolished slavery in Oman . The political system which Qaboos established
348-746: A neutrality policy in the Napoleonic Wars . Although they succeeded in keeping out of the Third Coalition in 1805, eventually, Frederick William was swayed by the queen's attitude, who led Prussia's pro-war party and entered into the war in October 1806. On 14 October 1806, at the Battles of Jena-Auerstädt , the French effectively decimated the Prussian Army 's effectiveness and functionality; led by Frederick William,
406-529: A number of mosques, notably the Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque , as well as the holy places of other religions. Through a donation to UNESCO in the early 1990s, Qaboos funded the Sultan Qaboos Prize for Environmental Preservation , to afford recognition to outstanding contributions in the management or preservation of the environment. The prize has been awarded biannually since 1991. Qaboos
464-725: A retired commander of the Royal Navy of Oman ; and Haitham bin Tariq, Minister of Heritage and National Culture. On 11 January 2020, Oman state TV said the Royal Family Council, in a letter to the Defense Council, had decided to defer to the choice that Qaboos named in his will, and thus had opened the letter by Qaboos naming his successor, announcing shortly that Haitham bin Tariq is the country's ruling sultan. Haitham has two sons and two daughters. In June 2022, his Service Medal of
522-564: A series of protests in the Persian Gulf country of Oman that occurred as part of the revolutionary wave popularly known as the " Arab Spring ". The protesters demanded salary increases, lower living costs, the creation of more jobs and a reduction in corruption. Protests in Sohar , Oman's fifth-largest city, centered on the Globe Roundabout . The Sultan's responses included the dismissal of
580-558: A sign of respect, and Prime Minister Boris Johnson described Qaboos as "an exceptionally wise and respected leader who will be missed enormously. He will be remembered for his devotion to the development of Oman into a stable and prosperous nation, and as the father of the nation who sought to improve the lives of the Omani people." Unlike the heads of other Arab states of the Persian Gulf , Qaboos did not publicly name an heir . Article 6 of
638-481: A third of the governing cabinet. According to CBS News , 19 June 2011, Several protest leaders have been detained and released in rolling waves of arrests during the Arab Spring, and dissatisfaction with the state of affairs in the country is high. While disgruntlement amongst the populace is obvious, the extreme dearth of foreign press coverage and lack of general press freedom there leaves it unclear as to whether
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#1732848084122696-678: Is buried at the Mausoleum in Schlosspark Charlottenburg , Berlin. Qaboos bin Said Qaboos bin Said Al Said ( Arabic : قابوس بن سعيد آل سعيد , IPA: [qaː.buːs bin sa.ʕiːd ʔaːl sa.ʕiːd] ; 18 November 1940 – 10 January 2020) was Sultan of Oman from 23 July 1970 until his death in 2020. A fifteenth-generation descendant of the founder of the House of Al Said , he was
754-462: The Congress of Vienna , Frederick William's ministers succeeded in securing significant territorial increases for Prussia. However, they failed to obtain the annexation of all of Saxony , as they had wished. Following the war, Frederick William turned towards political reaction, abandoning the promises he had made in 1813 to provide Prussia with a constitution. Frederick William was determined to unify
812-524: The Congress of Vienna , which assembled to settle the political questions arising from the new, post-Napoleonic order in Europe. His primary interests were internal – the reform of Prussia's Protestant churches. He was determined to unify the Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in
870-473: The Convention of Tauroggen , Frederick William turned against France and signed an alliance with Russia at Kalisz . However, he had to flee Berlin, still under French occupation. Prussian troops played a crucial part in the victories of the allies in 1813 and 1814, and the king himself traveled with the main army of Karl Philipp Fürst zu Schwarzenberg , along with Alexander of Russia and Francis of Austria . At
928-508: The Prussian Union of Churches . The king was said to be extremely shy and indecisive. His wife Queen Louise (1776–1810) was his most important political advisor. She led a mighty group that included Baron Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein , Prince Karl August von Hardenberg , Gerhard von Scharnhorst , and Count August Neidhardt von Gneisenau . They set about reforming Prussia's administration, churches, finance, and military. He
986-629: The United States . The king's unsuccessful counterattack worsened tensions at the highest levels of government. The crown's aggressive efforts to restructure religion were unprecedented in Prussian history. In a series of proclamations over several years, the Church of the Prussian Union was formed, bringing together the majority group of Lutherans and the minority group of Reformed Protestants. The main effect
1044-480: The constitution says the Royal Family Council has three days to choose a new sultan from the date the position falls vacant. If the Royal Family Council fails to agree, a letter containing a name penned by Sultan Qaboos should be opened in the presence of the Defence Council of military and security officials, supreme court chiefs, and heads of the upper and lower houses of the consultative assemblies. Analysts saw
1102-597: The " Old Lutherans " in Silesia refused to abandon their liturgical traditions. The crown responded by attempting to silence protest. The stubborn Lutheran minority was coerced by military force, their churches' confiscation, and their pastors' imprisonment or exile. By 1834 outward union was secured based on common worship but separate symbols—the opponents of the measure being forbidden to form communities of their own. Many left Prussia, settling in South Australia , Canada , and
1160-654: The "Royal Solo" in his honour. He was also a patron of local folk musician Salim Rashid Suri , whom he made a cultural consultant. On 22 March 1976, Qaboos married his first cousin Sayyida Nawwal bint Tariq Al Said (born 1951), the daughter of his uncle Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur and Sayyida Shawana bint Nasir Al Busaidiyah. Nawwal was renamed Kamila at the time of her marriage and is the half-sister of Qaboos' successor, Haitham bin Tariq . The marriage ended in divorce in 1979 and produced no children. In September 1995, Qaboos
1218-700: The 1st Battalion The Cameronians (Scottish Rifles) , serving with them in Germany for one year. He also held a staff appointment with the British Army. After his military service, Qaboos studied local government subjects in England and then completed his education with a world tour chaperoned by Leslie Chauncy. Upon his return in 1966, he was placed under virtual house arrest in Al Hosn Palace in Salalah by his father. Here he
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#17328480841221276-641: The Omani throne after overthrowing his father in a coup d'état , with British support. The country was subsequently renamed the Sultanate of Oman . As sultan, Qaboos implemented a policy of modernization and ended Oman's international isolation. His reign saw a rise in living standards and development in the country, the abolition of slavery, the end of the Dhofar Rebellion , and the promulgation of Oman's constitution . Suffering from poor health in later life, Qaboos died in 2020. He had no children, so he entailed
1334-525: The Protestant churches to homogenize their liturgy, organization, and architecture. The long-term goal was to have fully centralized royal control of all the Protestant churches in the Prussian Union of Churches . The merging of the Lutheran and Calvinist (Reformed) confessions to form the United Church of Prussia was highly controversial. Angry responses included a large and well-organized opposition. Especially
1392-503: The Prussian army collapsed entirely soon after. Napoleon occupied Berlin in late October. The royal family fled to Memel , East Prussia , where they fell on the mercy of Emperor Alexander I of Russia . Alexander, too, suffered defeat at the hands of the French, and at Tilsit on the Niemen France made peace with Russia and Prussia. Napoleon dealt with Prussia very harshly, despite
1450-1213: The United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth Realms 6 February 1992 King Hussein of Jordan 1992 Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV of Tonga 16 December 2005 Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah of Brunei 5 October 2007 Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution Muammar Gaddafi of Libya 1 September 2009 Sultan Qaboos bin Said of Oman 23 July 2010 Queen Margrethe II of Denmark 14 January 2012 King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden 15 September 2013 See also [ edit ] Hierarchy of precious substances List of longest-reigning monarchs List of current reigning monarchs by length of reign Wedding anniversary References [ edit ] ^ "Spain Medal Homage Royal Family Crown 1925 Spanish Decoration - Dracomedals Medals-Orders Medals Orders Decorations" . www.medals-orders.com . Archived from
1508-650: The United States and Iran. Qaboos helped mediate secret US-Iran talks in 2013 that led two years later to the international nuclear pact , from which the United States withdrew in 2018. In 2011, Qaboos facilitated the release of American hikers who were held by Iran , paying $ 1 million for their freedom. Oman did not join the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen against the Houthis in 2015, and did not take sides in
1566-589: The age of 79 at his personal residence, Al Baraka Palace , just outside Muscat. The following day, the government declared three days of national mourning and said the country's flag would be flown at half-mast for a period of 40 days and declared the halt of official work in the public and private sectors for three days. Kuwait , Saudi Arabia , Qatar , United Arab Emirates , Bahrain , Jordan , Lebanon , and Egypt all declared three days of mourning; India and Bangladesh declared one day of mourning. The United Kingdom lowered flags to half-mast as
1624-607: The board of the Central Bank of Oman . All legislation since 1970 has been promulgated through royal decrees, including the 1996 Basic Law. The sultan appoints judges, and can grant pardons and commute sentences. The sultan's authority is inviolable. Qaboos' closest advisors were reportedly security and intelligence professionals within the Palace Office , headed by General Sultan bin Mohammed al Numani. The 2011 Omani protests were
1682-414: The country using oil revenues. Schools and hospitals were built, and a modern infrastructure was laid down, with hundreds of kilometres of new roads paved, a telecommunications network established, projects for a port and airport that had begun prior to his reign were completed and a second port was built, and electrification was achieved. The government also began to search for new water resources and built
1740-590: The developing planning process, and Qaboos began to make known his desire for change—which was quietly supported by his expatriate visitors. Qaboos acceded to the throne on 23 July 1970 following a successful coup against his father , with the aim of ending the country's isolation and using its oil revenue for modernization and development. He declared that the country would no longer be known as Muscat and Oman , but would change its name to "the Sultanate of Oman" in order to better reflect its political unity. The coup
1798-564: The dramatist Johann Jakob Engel . As a soldier, he received the usual training of a Prussian prince, obtained his lieutenancy in 1784, became a lieutenant colonel in 1786, a colonel in 1790, and took part in the campaigns against France of 1792–1794. On 24 December 1793, Frederick William married Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz , who bore him ten children. In the Kronprinzenpalais (Crown Prince's Palace) in Berlin, Frederick William lived
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1856-463: The effectiveness of his reign since he was forced to assume the roles he did not delegate. This is the main factor of his inconsistent rule. Disgusted with his father's court (in both political intrigues and sexual affairs), Frederick William's first and most successful early endeavor was to restore his dynasty's moral legitimacy. The eagerness to restore dignity to his family went so far that it nearly caused sculptor Johann Gottfried Schadow to cancel
1914-589: The encouragement of Queen Louise (who died, greatly mourned, in 1810). After bereavement, Frederick William fell under the influence of a 'substitute family' of courtiers, among whom included Friedrich Ancillon , a Huguenot preacher that provided the king with strong ideological support against political reforms that might restrain monarchical power, Sophie Marie von Voß , an older woman with conservative views and Prince Wilhelm zu Sayn-Wittgenstein-Hohenstein . In 1813, following Napoleon's defeat in Russia and pressured by
1972-466: The expensive and lavish Prinzessinnengruppe project, which was commissioned by the previous monarch Frederick William II. He was quoted as saying the following, which demonstrated his sense of duty and peculiar manner of speech: Every civil servant has a dual obligation: to the sovereign and the country. It can occur that the two are not compatible; then, the duty to the country is higher. At first, Frederick William and his advisors attempted to pursue
2030-527: The founder and editor-in-chief of the e-magazine Mowatin "Citizen", disappeared after going to the police station in the Al-Qurum district of Muscat, only to be pardoned some time later. Under Qaboos, Oman fostered closer ties with Iran than other Arab states of the Persian Gulf , and was careful to appear neutral and maintain a balance between the West and Iran. As a result, Oman often acted as an intermediary between
2088-563: The incursion with help from the Shah of Iran , Jordanian troops sent by his friend King Hussein of Jordan , British Special Forces and the Royal Air Force . There were few rudiments of a modern state when Qaboos took power. Oman was a poorly developed country, severely lacking in infrastructure, healthcare, and education, with only 10 km (6 mi) of paved roads and a population dependent on subsistence farming and fishing. Qaboos modernized
2146-697: The longest-serving leader in the Middle East and Arab world at the time of his death, having ruled for almost half a century. The only son of Said bin Taimur , Sultan of Muscat and Oman , Qaboos was educated in Suffolk , England . After graduating from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst , he served briefly in the British Army . He returned to Oman in 1966 and was the subject of considerable restrictions from his father. In 1970, Qaboos ascended to
2204-514: The new king showed that he was earnest of his good intentions by cutting down the royal establishment's expenses, dismissing his father's ministers, and reforming the most oppressive abuses of the late reign. He had the Hohenzollern determination to retain personal power but not the Hohenzollern genius for using it. Too distrustful to delegate responsibility to his ministers, he greatly reduced
2262-559: The only son of Sultan Said bin Taimur Al Said and Mazoon bint Ahmad Al Mashani . He received his primary and secondary education at Salalah, and was sent to a private educational establishment at Bury St Edmunds in England at age 16. At 20, he entered the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst . After graduating from Sandhurst in September 1962, he joined the British Army and was posted to
2320-403: The original on 2016-10-30. ^ พระเจ้าอยู่หัวในพระบรมโกศ กษัตริย์พระองค์เดียวในโลกที่ได้รับการเฉลิมฉลอง [Platinum Jubilee]. ^ "Queen marks Ruby Jubilee" . Times Daily . Vol. 124, no. 154. June 3, 1993. p. 1. ^ Queen Margrethe celebrates 40 years on Danish throne ^ "Queen Margrethe II of Denmark marks 40 years on
2378-793: The pregnant queen's interview with the French emperor, which was believed to soften the defeat. Instead, Napoleon took much less mercy on the Prussians than what was expected. Prussia lost many of its Polish territories and all territory west of the Elbe and had to finance a large indemnity and pay French troops to occupy key strong points within the kingdom. Although the ineffectual king himself seemed resigned to Prussia's fate, various reforming ministers, such as Heinrich Friedrich Karl vom und zum Stein , Prince Karl August von Hardenberg , Gerhard Johann David von Scharnhorst , and Count August von Gneisenau , set about reforming Prussia's administration and military, with
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2436-423: The protesters want the sultan to leave, or simply want their government to function better. Beyond the recent protests, there is concern about succession in the country, as there is no heir apparent or any clear legislation on who may be the next Sultan. The Sultan did give token concession to protesters yet detained social media activists. In August 2014, The Omani writer and human rights defender Mohammed Alfazari,
2494-499: The royal court to reach consensus on a successor upon his death. As a precaution, he hid a letter which named his successor in case an agreement was not achieved. After his death the royal court decided to view Qaboos's letter and named his intended successor, his cousin Haitham bin Tariq , as sultan. Qaboos bin Said was born in the southern city of Salalah in Dhofar on 18 November 1940 as
2552-505: The rules as an elaborate means of Qaboos securing his choice for successor without causing controversy by making it public during his lifetime, since it was considered unlikely that the royal family would be able to agree on a successor on its own. Qaboos had no children, and only one sister, Sayyida Umaima (who predeceased him in 2002), but no male siblings; there are other male members of the Omani royal family including paternal uncles and their families. Using same-generation primogeniture ,
2610-453: The successor to Qaboos would appear to be the children of his late uncle Sayyid Tariq bin Taimur , Oman's first prime minister and the Sultan's former father-in-law. Oman watchers believed the top contenders to succeed Qaboos were three of Tariq's sons: Asa'ad bin Tariq , Deputy Prime Minister for International Relations and Cooperation and the Sultan's special representative; Shihab bin Tariq ,
2668-401: The symphonic ensemble . They play locally and traveled abroad with the Sultan. Argentine composer Lalo Schifrin was commissioned to compose a work entitled Symphonic Impressions of Oman . Qaboos was particularly enthusiastic about the pipe organ . The Royal Opera House Muscat features the second largest mobile pipe organ in the world, which has three specially made organ stops , named
2726-679: The throne" . BBC News . Denmark. 12 January 2012. ^ "The King: 40 years as Sweden's Head of State - Sveriges Kungahus" . v t e Jubilees Silver (25) Ruby (40) Golden (50) Diamond (60) Sapphire (65) Platinum (70) Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ruby_jubilee&oldid=1236118877 " Category : Anniversaries Hidden category: CS1 uses Thai-language script (th) Frederick William III of Prussia Frederick William III ( German : Friedrich Wilhelm III. ; 3 August 1770 – 7 June 1840)
2784-583: Was King of Prussia from 16 November 1797 until his death in 1840. He was concurrently Elector of Brandenburg in the Holy Roman Empire until 6 August 1806, when the empire was dissolved. Frederick William III ruled Prussia during the times of the Napoleonic Wars . The king reluctantly joined the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon in the German campaign of 1813 . Following Napoleon's defeat, he took part in
2842-525: Was a Muslim of the Ibadi denomination, which has traditionally ruled Oman. Although Oman is predominantly Muslim, the Sultan granted freedom of religion in the country and financed the construction of four Catholic and Protestant churches in the country as well as several Hindu temples. The Sultan was an avid fan and promoter of classical music . His 120-member orchestra consists entirely of young Omanis who, since 1986, audition as children and grow up as members of
2900-401: Was a tutor and guardian of his brother, Prince Henry . They thus grew up partly with the count's son, who accompanied them on their Grand Tour in the 1780s. Frederick William was happy at Paretz, and for this reason, in 1795, he bought it from his boyhood friend and turned it into an important royal country retreat. He was a melancholy boy, but he grew up pious and honest. His tutors included
2958-436: Was an absolute monarchy . The Sultan's birthday, 18 November, is celebrated as Oman's national holiday. The first day of his reign, 23 July, is celebrated as Renaissance Day. Oman has no system of checks and balances, and thus no separation of powers . All power was concentrated in the Sultan during his reign, and he served as chief of staff of the armed forces, minister of defence, minister of foreign affairs and chairman of
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#17328480841223016-600: Was involved in a car accident in Salalah just outside his palace, which killed one of his most prominent and influential ministers, the deputy prime minister for finance and economy , Qais Bin Abdul Munim Al Zawawi . Qaboos owned several yachts administered by the Oman Royal Yacht Squadron , including Al Said and Fulk Al Salamah , two of the world's largest yachts . Qaboos was known for maintaining
3074-403: Was kept isolated from government affairs, except for occasional briefings by his father's personal advisers. Qaboos studied Islam and the history of his country. His personal relationships were limited to a handpicked group of palace officials who were sons of his father's advisors and a few expatriate friends such as Tim Landon . Sultan Said said that he would not allow his son to be involved with
3132-408: Was neglected by his father during his childhood and suffered from an inferiority complex his entire life. As a child, Frederick William's father (under the influence of his mistress, Wilhelmine Enke, Countess of Lichtenau ) had him handed over to tutors, as was quite normal for the period. He spent part of the time living at Paretz , the estate of the old soldier, Count Hans von Blumenthal , who
3190-680: Was supported by the British, with Ian Cobain writing that it was "planned in London by MI6 and by civil servants at the Ministry of Defence and the Foreign Office " and sanctioned by the Prime Minister, Harold Wilson . The first pressing problem that Qaboos bin Said faced as sultan was an armed communist insurgency from South Yemen , the Dhofar Rebellion (1962–1976). The sultanate eventually defeated
3248-412: Was that the government of Prussia had full control over church affairs, with the king himself recognized as the leading bishop. In 1824 Frederick William III married for the second time, to Countess Auguste von Harrach zu Rohrau und Thannhausen . At the time of their marriage, the House of Harrach was still not recognized as equal to other European royal families for dynastic purposes. The marriage
3306-479: Was the dedicatee of Beethoven 's Ninth Symphony in 1824. Frederick William was born in Potsdam on 3 August 1770 as the son of Frederick William II of Prussia and Frederica Louisa of Hesse-Darmstadt . He was considered to be a shy and reserved boy, which became noticeable in his particularly reticent conversations, distinguished by the lack of personal pronouns. This manner of speech subsequently came to be considered entirely appropriate for military officers. He
3364-477: Was therefore morganatic and she was created Princess of Liegnitz . They had no children. In 1838 the king distributed large parts of his farmland at Erdmannsdorf Estate to 422 Protestant refugees from the Austrian Zillertal , who built Tyrolean style farmhouses in the Silesian village. Frederick William III died on 7 June 1840 in Berlin, from a fever, survived by his second wife. His eldest son, Frederick William IV , succeeded him. Frederick William III
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