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47-737: The Royal Westphalian Railway was initially established only to fill the 32 km-long gap between Hamm and Lippstadt , connecting the Münster–Hamm line of the Munster–Hamm Railway Company ( Münster-Hammer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft ) opened in 1848 with the line being constructed at the same time by the Cologne-Minden-Thuringian Connection Railway Company ( Köln-Minden-Thüringischen-Verbindungs-Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft , KMTVEG). The latter company, however, went bankrupt in 1848 and further construction and

94-566: A bus network providing transportation between cities, has individual timetables and destinations. The regular service Region-buses (S60, R61-64, R66, R73, 70 and 80.1) covers Beakum, Rheda-Wiedenbrück and Rietberg. In addition, there is the Schnellbus from Lippstadt passing through Erwitte to Warstein every hour. On the weekend, there are a few buses in the evening so passengers have to use Nachtbusse or Anrufsammeltaxis which passengers have to call before travelling. The nearest airport from Lippstadt

141-405: A forgery. In 889 the town was given merchant, customs, and coinage privileges by King Arnulf of Carinthia . Osnabrück was first referred to in records as a "city" in 1147. A decade later, Emperor Frederick Barbarossa granted the city fortification privileges ( Befestigungsrecht ). Most of the towers which were part of the original fortifications are still visible in the city. Osnabrück became

188-431: A garrison near the city, which at one point was the largest British garrison in the world, housing some 4,000 troops and employing around 500 local civilians. It was the target of a PIRA attack in 1996 . Due to budget cuts, the troops were withdrawn in 2008 and the property returned to the local government. After three centuries, the city finally obtained its university when the government of Lower Saxony established

235-647: A member of the Hanseatic League in the 12th century, as well as a member of the Westphalian Federation of Cities . The history of the town in the later Middle Ages was recorded in a chronicle by Albert Suho , one of Osnabrück's most important clerics in the 15th century. From 1561 to 1639 there was a considerable amount of social unrest and tension in Osnabrück due to the Protestant Reformation ,

282-676: A women's subcamp of Buchenwald was founded in Lippstadt. It was also the site of a displaced persons camp in the years following World War II . On 1 April 1945 the US 2nd Armored Division made contact with the 3rd Armored Division at Lippstadt, effecting junction of the US Ninth Army with the US First Army, and seized the city from scattered resistance. Lippstadt serves as headquarters of international automotive supplier's Hella and HBPO Group. It

329-553: Is Paderborn/Lippstadt Airport . The airport is located in Büren-Ahden. They do not have direct public transport from Lippstadt to the airport. However, passengers can catch the RE1 train to Paderborn Hbf and then go to the terminal by Schnellbus S60 from Paderborn Hbf. Lippstadt is twinned with: Osnabr%C3%BCck Osnabrück ( German: [ɔsnaˈbʁʏk] ; Westphalian : Ossenbrügge ; archaic English: Osnaburg )

376-546: Is VfL Osnabrück , founded in 1899. Currently, the team plays in the 2. Bundesliga . Its basketball team was founded the same year. The Schlosswallhalle has been home to the GiroLive Panthers Osnabrück of the 1. Damen-Basketball-Bundesliga . The current mayor of Osnabrück is Katharina Pötter ( CDU ), elected in September 2021. Osnabrück is part of the electoral constituency Stadt Osnabrück for elections to

423-634: Is a city in Lower Saxony in western Germany. It is situated on the river Hase in a valley penned between the Wiehen Hills and the northern tip of the Teutoburg Forest . With a population of 168,145 Osnabrück is the fourth largest city in Lower Saxony. More recently Osnabrück has become well known for its industry. Numerous companies in the automobile, paper, steel and grocery sectors are located in

470-541: Is a town in North Rhine-Westphalia , Germany. It is the largest town within the district of Soest. Lippstadt is situated about 60 kilometres east of Dortmund, 40 kilometres south of Bielefeld and 30 kilometres west of Paderborn. Lippstadt is situated in the Lippe valley, roughly 70 kilometres east of Dortmund and roughly 30 kilometres west of Paderborn . The historic town centre is situated between several branches of

517-581: Is also home to a factory of large-diameter antifriction bearings, seamless-rolled rings manufacturer Rothe Erde . The important road to get to Lippstadt is the Bundesstraße 55. This street goes from north to south of the city. At north, Lippstadt connects with Rheda-Wiedenbrück and the Autobahn 2 (Dortmund-Hannover). Southwards it connects with the Bundesstraße 1 and the Autobahn 44 (Dortmund-Kassel) by passing through

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564-766: The Bundestag . The city of Osnabrück is connected by road to the A1 , the A30 and the A33 . It shares its airport with Münster . Osnabrück Hauptbahnhof (central railway station) is an important rail travel hub. Travellers from the Netherlands heading to either Hamburg , Denmark, or Eastern Europe often have to change here. An extensive bus network operated by the Stadtwerke Osnabrück (public utility provider) provides public transport within

611-503: The Dukes of Brunswick-Lüneburg , with priority given to the cadets of what became the House of Hanover . From 1667, prince-bishop Ernest Augustus , Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg , built the new baroque palace. His son, George I of Great Britain , died in the palace, at the time residence of his younger brother, prince-bishop Ernest Augustus, Duke of York and Albany , on a travel on 11 June 1727. In

658-622: The Franks , in 780. Some time prior to 803, the city became the seat of the Prince-Bishopric of Osnabrück . Although the precise date is uncertain, it is likely that Osnabrück is the oldest bishopric in Lower Saxony. In the year 804 Charlemagne was said to have founded the Gymnasium Carolinum in Osnabrück . This would make it the oldest German Gymnasium school, but the charter date is disputed by historians, some of whom believe it could be

705-564: The Nazi Party received the greatest percentage of votes in the city (nearly 28%) – a more than seven-fold increase from their electoral performance in Osnabrück two years prior. During the campaigns prior to the two federal elections in 1932, both Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels made well-attended speeches in the city. Following the Nazis' seizure of power in January 1933, Osnabrück was subjected to

752-533: The Old Railway ( Alte Eisenbahn ). The main line of the Royal Westphalian Railway ran from Hamm via Soest , Lippstadt, Paderborn and Altenbeken to Warburg. It was opened on 4 October 1850 to Paderborn and on 21 June 1853 to Warburg. The line was first railway in western Germany to cross mountainous country. The Altenbeken Viaduct was a significant achievement of the early German railways. After

799-758: The Papal Bull "De salute animarum", made over to the Bishopric of Paderborn the Lippian parishes of Cappel, Lipperode and Lippstadt, which had previously belonged to the Archbishopric of Cologne without producing any ensuing agreement with the state of Lippe . In 1851 the whole of Lippstadt, which up to then had been divided between the Kingdom of Prussia and Lippe, was added to the Prussian royal province of Westphalia . In 1944

846-497: The Thirty Years' War and also witch hunting. In 1582, during the rule of Mayor Hammacher (1565–1588), 163 women were executed as alleged witches; most of them were burned alive. In total, 276 women were executed, along with 2 men who had been charged with wizardry. The first Lutheran services were held in Osnabrück in 1543. Over the next century, Lutheranism expanded in the city and several Protestant bishops were elected. However,

893-466: The University and the University of Applied Sciences . Although part of the state of Lower Saxony, historically, culturally and linguistically Osnabrück is considered part of the region of Westphalia . The origin of the name Osnabrück is disputed. The suffix -brück suggests a bridge over or to something (from German Brücke = bridge) but the prefix Osna- is explained in at least two different ways:

940-447: The University of Osnabrück in 1974. Largest foreign resident groups in Osnabrück as of 31 December 2017 : The climate is Cfb (near Dfb ) with warm, rainy summers and chilly to cold, dark winters. There are two higher education institutions in Osnabrück, University of Osnabrück and Osnabrück University of Applied Sciences with more than 25,000 students. All of the types of German grammar schools are represented in

987-566: The 250 prisoners died of starvation and maltreatment before the subcamp's dissolution in May 1943. Osnabrück was also the location of the Oflag VI-C and Oflag 66 prisoner-of-war camps for Serbian, French and Belgian officers. The war ended for Osnabrück on 4 April 1945, when the XVII Corps of Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery's Second Army entered the city with little resistance. By this time,

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1034-646: The Catholic churches continued to operate, and the city never became completely Lutheran. After the Thirty Years' War broke out, a Catholic bishop was elected in 1623, and the city was occupied by troops of the Catholic League in 1628. The Gymnasium Carolinum was upgraded to a Jesuit university in 1632, but the university was closed a year later when the city was taken by Swedish troops and restored to Protestant control. Peace negotiations took place in Osnabrück and

1081-751: The Hohenzollerns (Brandenburg/Prussia), a situation that endured until the middle of the 19th. century. Heinrich von Ahaus founded one of his communities for women of the Brethren of the Common Life there. In 1523 it formed a defensive alliance together with the neighbouring cities of Osnabrück , Dortmund , Soest and Münster . Augustinians studying at the University of Wittenberg brought Martin Luther's doctrine home with them. Thus in 1524 Lutheran doctrines were preached at Lippstadt by their prior Westermann, and

1128-580: The arrival of electricity and modern sanitation. By 1914, Osnabrück had over 70,000 inhabitants. The outbreak of the First World War necessitated food rationing; the Allied blockade and a harsh winter in 1917 led to further shortages. Following Germany's defeat in 1918, a council made up of workers and soldiers took control during the November Revolution , but were replaced by the new Weimar Republic

1175-460: The city ) did not share in this growth and found themselves discriminated against, imprisoned or forced to close their businesses and leave town. During World War II , both Jews and Romani people were deported to concentration camps and extermination camps en masse. In October 1942, a subcamp of the 2nd SS construction brigade ( forced labour camp) in Bremen was established in Osnabrück. 86 of

1222-546: The city and its surrounding area. In spite of the massive destruction inflicted on the city during World War II , the Altstadt (old town) was eventually reconstructed extensively with designs loyal to the original medieval architecture there. Osnabrück was also the home of the largest British garrison outside the United Kingdom. Osnabrück's modern, urban image is enhanced by the presence of more than 22,000 students studying at

1269-488: The city and the surrounding region. [2] The central hub is situated on Neumarkt close to the main shopping street, roughly 10 minutes' walk from the railway station. The city is divided into 23 districts: Osnabrück is twinned with: Previously Osnabrück had made contact with the British authorities as early as 1948, hoping to find an English twin town and therefore achieve greater understanding with their former enemies in

1316-556: The city had been extensively bombed and required major reconstructive programmes following the war's end. Leading Nazis fled the city and the British appointed a new mayor, Johannes Petermann. However, during the allied occupation of Germany a British military governor, Colonel Geoffrey Day was placed in charge of administering the city. Relations between the occupiers and the citizens of Osnabrück were generally peaceful, though tensions existed; some minor fights broke out between British soldiers and local youths and some Osnabrückers resented

1363-570: The city in 1795, followed by the French in 1803. As a result, the town's population was kept below 10,000 for the whole first decade of the 19th century. The Napoleonic period saw possession of the city change hands several times. Control of Osnabrück passed to the Electorate of Hanover in 1803 during the German Mediatisation , and then briefly to the Kingdom of Prussia in 1806. From 1807 to 1810

1410-469: The city was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia , after which it passed to the First French Empire . After 1815, it became part of the Kingdom of Hanover . The town's first railway line was built in 1855, connecting it with Löhne . Further rail connections appeared over the following decades, connecting Osnabrück with Emden from 1856, Cologne from 1871 and Hamburg from 1874. In 1866, Osnabrück

1457-721: The city, including seven Gymnasien . Gymnasium Carolinum claims to be the oldest still existing school in Germany. Another well-known Gymnasium is the Ursulaschule, a private school, located directly opposite the Carolinum. The University of Osnabrück invested heavily in infrastructure to take on more students for the following years. Osnabrück, Germany, offers several vocational schools (Berufsbildende Schulen, or BBS) that provide practical education and training across various fields. Here are some notable institutions The city's football team

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1504-821: The company took over the Münster–Hamm Railway Company in 1855, it extended the Münster–Hamm line to Rheine in 1856 and to German ports on the North Sea. Together with the Royal Hanoverian State Railways , it built a connection from Rheine to the German ports on the North Sea . This was a very important connection for Prussia because of the high tariffs charged by the Dutch Rhine ports. The Kingdom of Hanover

1551-479: The daughter of Baron von Pöllnitz from Westphalia, Governor of Lippstadt. They had six children, two sons, and four daughters. He was later appointed Lieutenant Governor of Jamaica 1664–65. His nephew Henry Morgan left his Jamaican property to his godsons Charles Byndloss (b.1668) and Henry Archbold on condition they adopted the surname of Morgan. These were the children of his two cousins Anna Petronilla Byndloss (née Morgan), and Johanna Archbold (née Morgan). In 1821

1598-552: The early 18th century, renowned local jurist and social theorist Justus Möser wrote a highly influential constitutional history of the town, the Osnabrücker Geschichte . Following the Seven Years' War , the town's population fell below 6,000, however an economic revival linked to the linen and tobacco industries caused it to rise again from the 1780s onwards. The French Revolutionary Wars brought Prussian troops into

1645-598: The following year. Similarly to many other German cities, Osnabrück experienced considerable inflation and unemployment in the 1920s, with over 2,000 out of work by 1923 and nearly 14,000 receiving some form of government assistance by 1928. Politically, Osnabrück in the 1920s was a stronghold of support for the Social Democrats and the Catholic Centre Party . However, in the Reichstag elections of September 1930,

1692-425: The implementation of National Socialist economic, political, and social programmes. These resulted in economic growth for ethnic Germans who did not run afoul of the new regime, and the town went from having over 10,000 unemployed in early 1933 to actually having a labour shortage five years later. However, dissenters, supporters of opposition parties and German Jews (who had experienced centuries of discrimination in

1739-532: The line's later operations were taken over by the Prussian government. The cause of the bankruptcy of the KMTVEG was the difficulty of building a 600-metre-long tunnel at Willebadessen under the main ridge of the Eggegebirge range. The tunnel, which was never completed, was designed to avoid bridging the valley at Altenbeken . The remains of the site are still visible after more than 150 years; these ruins are known as

1786-481: The meaning "bridge to the gods", and previously Tacitus named people living near the grey river (Hase) Chasuarii . It may also be noted that Osnabrück is situated on the northern end of the Teutoburg Forest , which until the 19th century was known as the Osning. The city gave its name to the textile fabric of osnaburg . Osnabrück initially developed as a marketplace next to the bishopric founded by Charlemagne , King of

1833-502: The nearby city of Münster from 1643 to 1648. The twin Treaties of Osnabrück and Münster, collectively known as the Peace of Westphalia , ended the Thirty Years' War. Osnabrück was officially recognized as bi-confessional Catholic and Lutheran. The prince-bishopric would be held alternately by a Catholic bishop and a Lutheran bishop. The Protestant bishop would be selected from the descendants of

1880-513: The relationships that developed between the occupiers and local women. Additionally, the British took over more than seventy homes for their own use by the middle of 1946. Amidst shortages, the black market thrived and became one of the main focuses of police activity. After World War II West Germany realigned its states; Osnabrück became part of the new state of Lower Saxony in 1946. The British continued to maintain Osnabrück Garrison ,

1927-422: The river Lippe. Lippstadt consists of 18 districts: Lippstadt was founded in 1168 by Bernhard II zur Lippe. In the early 13th century Lippstadt, with a population of 2700, had four parish churches. There was an Augustinian abbey which had existed since 1281. From 1400, the enclave and town of Lippstadt were to be a condominium shared by the county of Lippe and the counts of Cleves-Mark, who were succeeded by

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1974-794: The town of Erwitte. The Lippstadt train station (Bahnhof Lippstadt) lies on the Hamm-Warburg railway . It has a railway service with ICE, IC and region train. Passengers can change direction with Kassel, Dresden, München and Düsseldorf networks. The bus system in Lippstadt is provided by Regionalverkehr Ruhr-Lippe (RLG). The system consists of 3 major types of bus networks. City-Bus Networks The city-bus networks in Lippstadt consist of five lines (C1-C5). The bus lines start every 30 minutes from Bustreff am Bahnhof and travel via five different routes to different destinations. The City-Bus Network does not provide coverage in some areas. However, passengers can use Region-Bus Networks instant. Region-Bus Networks,

2021-603: The town was one of the first to embrace Lutheranism officially, though it resisted the rise of Calvinism in rural areas of Westphalia. Colonel Edward Morgan, ( c.  1616 – after 1665), a Royalist during English Civil War 1642–1649, was Captain General of the Kings (Charles I) forces in South Wales. After the King's arrest and execution, he fled to the continent, and married Anna Petronilla

2068-493: The traditional explanation is that today's name is a corruption of Ossenbrügge (westphalian meaning "oxen bridge"), which is etymologically and historically impossible, because the town is older than this corruption of consonants (documented in 13th century, Osnabrück was founded in 8th century), but others state that it is derived from the name of the Hase River which is arguably derived from Asen ( Æsir ), thus giving Osnabrück

2115-489: The west in 1879 as the Westphalian Emscher Valley Railway ( westfälische Emschertalbahn , WfE) via Dorstfeld, Bodelschwingh, Mengede, Herne , Gelsenkirchen , Horst to Osterfeld WfE station. Operations on this line proved to be uneconomic and sections of it were soon closed, following the nationalisation of its main competitors. Lippstadt Lippstadt ( German: [ˈlɪpʃtat] )

2162-659: Was annexed by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War and administered as part of the Province of Hanover . Growth of the local economy and population was fuelled by expansion in the engineering and textile industries, with the Hammersen Weaving Mill established in 1869 and the Osnabrücker Kupfer- und Drahtwerk metallurgical firm following in 1873. The later 19th century also saw growth in the number of schools and

2209-406: Was annexed by Prussia after the Austro-Prussian War of 1866 and two years later this line became part of the Westphalian Railway . Together with the Rhenish Railway Company , it built and operated a generally straight line, opened in 1876, from Welver station (between Hamm and Soest), via Unna -Königsborn to Dortmund South station (which was destroyed in World War II ). The line was extended to

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