Rouffach ( French pronunciation: [ʁufak] ; German and Alsatian: Rufach ) is a commune in the Haut-Rhin department in Grand Est in north-eastern France .
54-662: Rouffach lies along the Alsatian wine route ( Route des Vins d'Alsace ). Its vineyards produce one of the finest Alsatian wines : the Grand Cru Vorbourg [ fr ] . Rouffach is situated on the Lauch River, 15 km (9.3 mi) south of Colmar and 28 km (17 mi) north of Mulhouse , on the vineyards of the eastern foothills of the Vosges Mountains. The most important transportation routes between
108-558: A blend may not have more than one varietal name on the label. Almost all Alsace wine is produced under one of the region's three AOC designations—Alsace, Alsace Grand Cru and Crémant d'Alsace. Unlike most other French wine regions, there exists no Vin de pays designation for Alsace. This means that wines that do not qualify for AOC status have to be sold as simple Vin de table de France . This happens in some instances when producers wish to use other grape varieties in their wine, like Domaine Zind-Humbrecht which sells its cuvée Zind ,
162-561: A blend of 65% Chardonnay and 35% Auxerrois. Up to 2,000 growers bottle their own wine, but more than 80% of the wine is produced by 175 producers, including many winemaking cooperatives . Even the largest winemaking companies/négociants in Alsace tend to be family-owned. In 2001, approximately 45% of Alsace wine was made by cooperatives. Some of the best known producers include Maison Trimbach , Domaine Zind-Humbrecht , Hugel & Fils , Léon Beyer, Weinbach, Josmeyer and Marcel Deiss . Many of
216-461: A population boom after the Second World War , higher than the national level. The rate of population growth between 1946 and 2007 was 83.83%, compared to 57% nationally. The Bas-Rhin department has a high density of SMEs and SMIs and a higher proportion of workers in industry than the national average. Tourism activity is intense and creates many indirect jobs. The rate of unemployment is among
270-604: A whole is located on the western part of the Rhine Graben , which is the result of two systems of parallel faults, with a dropped down block between the Vosges and the Black Forest . Almost all wines are white, except those made from the Pinot noir grape which are pale red, often rosé , rarely red (e.g. Rouge d'Ottrott ). Sparkling wines known as Crémant d'Alsace are also made. Much of
324-401: A year on average, but the amount can vary greatly between sites. While the slope down the Vosges is generally east-facing, many of the best sites are south-west to south-east facing, and benefit from extra sun exposure. Alsace's geology is quite varied, with many different kinds of soils represented in the vineyards. Alsace's soils are a result of its location at a geological fault . Alsace as
378-414: Is a symbol of the region. Although it is usually composed of a black hat and a red skirt, the symbol of Alsace, there are many other outfits that vary between villages but also according to the social status of the person. Today virtually disappeared, they can still be seen in some villages at various events and through folk groups. Many traditions have their origins in a quest for the meaning of life or in
432-602: Is also home to some of the foothills of the Vosges Mountains . To the north of Bas-Rhin lies the Palatinate forest (Pfälzerwald) in the German State of Rhineland-Palatinate , and the German State of Baden-Württemberg lies to the east. To the south lies the department of Haut-Rhin , the town of Colmar and southern Alsace , and to the west the department of Moselle . On its south-western corner, Bas-Rhin also joins
486-586: Is an approximately 170-kilometre-long (110 mi) road, crossing the main wine producing areas of the region. From north to south, the following 67 communes crossed by the Route are: Bas Rhin Bas-Rhin ( French pronunciation: [bɑ ʁɛ̃] ) is a département in Alsace which is a part of the Grand Est super-region of France . The name means 'Lower Rhine ', referring to its lower altitude among
540-529: Is based in Strasbourg . The INSEE and Post Code is 67. On 1 January 2021, the departemental councils of Bas-Rhin and Haut-Rhin merged into the European Collectivity of Alsace . The inhabitants of the department are known as Bas-Rhinois or Bas-Rhinoises . The Rhine has always been of great historical and economic importance to the area, and it forms the eastern border of Bas-Rhin. The area
594-452: Is dry, to a large extent because they were intended to be paired with food . In the same era, Alsace has also experienced a drive to higher quality, which led to AOC status being awarded. In recent decades, the difference between Alsace and Germany has diminished, since German wines have become drier and more powerful, while many Alsace wines have become sweeter and the late harvest and dessert style wines have been "rediscovered" in Alsace since
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#1732855593379648-423: Is of AOC wine, since there is no Vin de pays region which covers Alsace. Thus, the only alternative to producing AOC wine is to declassify it all the way down to Vin de table , which generally means that neither grape varieties, region of origin or vintage may be identified. However, this solution is mostly avoided since edelzwicker and gentil may be blended from several varieties, i.e. varieties that exceed
702-1016: Is produced in the Alsace region in France and is primarily white wine . Because of its Germanic influence, it is the only Appellation d'Origine Contrôlée region in France to produce mostly varietal wines, typically from similar grape varieties to those used in German wine . Along with Austria and Germany, it produces some of the most noted dry Rieslings in the world as well as highly aromatic Gewürztraminer wines. Wines are produced under three different AOCs: Alsace AOC for white, rosé and red wines , Alsace Grand Cru AOC for white wines from certain classified vineyards and Crémant d'Alsace AOC for sparkling wines . Both dry and sweet white wines are produced. In 2006, vines were grown on 15,298 hectares (37,800 acres ) in 119 villages in Alsace, and 111.3 million litres of wine
756-535: Is similar to Auslese in Germany. Sélection de Grains Nobles means "selection of noble berries", i.e. grapes affected by noble rot , and is similar to a German Beerenauslese . For both VT and SGN, Alsace wines tend to be higher in alcohol and therefore slightly lower in sugar than the corresponding German wines. Therefore, Riesling VT and Muscat VT tend to be semi-sweet rather than sweet, while Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris tend to be rather sweet already at VT level. But as
810-510: Is the 5th largest French department for the number of room-nights for visitors per year. Other sites of interest are: Strasbourg Cathedral : Strasbourg Cathedral is a masterpiece of Gothic art . Measuring 142 metres high from the Parvise to the top of the tower, it is considered the second largest cathedral in France after that of Rouen . Its astronomical clock dates from the Renaissance and
864-481: Is the case with sweetness in other Alsace wines, this depends to a large extent on the house style of the producer. The required level of ripeness of the grapes, which was increased in 2001, are as follows, expressed as sugar content of the must and potential alcohol : The producer Aimé Stentz produces a late harvest Pinot blanc known as Pi-Noblesse , which is ineligible for either VT or SGN labelling. The minimum required must weights have again been increased to
918-519: The chef lieu (principal city) of Bas-Rhin is the official seat of the European Parliament as well as of the Council of Europe . Blazon: Gules, a bend argent cotised fleury the same. The demography of Bas-Rhin is characterized by high density and high population growth since the 1950s. In January 2014 Bas-Rhin officially had 1,112,815 inhabitants and was 18th by population at
972-573: The United States . An important influence in the history of Alsace wine has been the repeated changes of nationality of the Alsace region, which has passed from France to Germany and vice versa several times throughout history. In the early history of the Alsace wine industry, they were traded together with other German wines since Rhine provided the means to transport the wines. In much of the post– World War II era, wine styles in Alsace and Germany diverged, as Alsace wines remained fully fermented, that
1026-529: The 12th century, the castle of Haut-Koenigsbourg dominates the plain of Alsace more than 700 metres (2,297 feet) above sea level . Destroyed during the Thirty Years' War , it was restored from 1900 to 1908 by the German Emperor Wilhelm II . It houses a large collection of weapons and period furniture. The Château du Fleckenstein : early 12th century, built by the imperial family of Hohenstaufen ,
1080-516: The 18th and 19th centuries. The Strasbourg Museum of Modern and Contemporary Art : Located in the heart of the city of Strasbourg, the Museum of Modern and Contemporary houses nearly 18,000 works divided into three departments: fine arts, graphic art, and photography. Some of the greatest innovators of the 20th century are on display. The Tomi Ungerer Museum : there is a large collection of drawings, archives, magazines, and toys donated to his hometown by
1134-454: The 5th century, the walled village ( oppidum ) beneath the stronghold of Isenburg was a residence of the Merovingian kings. According to pious legend recorded in the chronicle of Ebersmunster , the son of King Dagobert II gave the city to Arbogast , bishop of Strasbourg , in the 7th century, after the bishop had re-awakened his son Sigebert from death in a hunting incident. More certainly
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#17328555933791188-775: The AOC rules in the concerned season. There is a legal requirement for bottling Alsace wine in tall bottles commonly called flûtes d'Alsace [ fr ] . In the AOC rules, the bottle type is actually called vin du Rhin , i.e., "Rhine wine bottle". Without being mandated by law, this bottle format is also common and traditional in many German regions, particularly for Riesling and other traditional white wine varieties. There are two late harvest classifications, Vendange Tardive (VT) and Sélection de Grains Nobles (SGN). Vendange Tardive means "late harvest" (which in German would be Spätlese ), but in terms of must weight requirements, VT
1242-515: The French illustrator Tomi Ungerer. It also hosts temporary exhibitions. The Palais Rohan : The Rohan Palace was built between 1731 and 1742 at the request of Armand de Rohan-Soubise, Cardinal and Bishop of Strasbourg , who made his residence in the historic heart of the city. It also hosts the Arts and Crafts Museum, Archaeological Museum, and the Museum of Fine Arts. As of 2020, 3.3% of available housing in
1296-543: The Lower Rhine for the National Youth Council is Mr. Gautier Lutz. Bas-Rhin is composed of five arrondissements (Haguenau-Wissembourg, Molsheim, Saverne, Sélestat-Erstein, and Strasbourg) and 23 cantons . Through its secondary and higher education institutions, Alsace is a very important region for students and is very internationally oriented. Strasbourg alone welcomes 75% of students in its university. Since
1350-465: The VT and SGN designations were introduced in 1983. The total vineyard surface in Alsace has increased over the last decades, although the total French vineyard surface has decreased. In 1967, there were 9,400 hectares (23,000 acres) of Alsace vineyards, in 1982, 11,750 hectares (29,000 acres), and in 2007, 15,300 hectares (38,000 acres). Over the same period of time, among the varieties, Pinot gris has increased
1404-535: The Vosges, at altitudes of 175–420 metres (574–1,378 ft). Those altitudes provide a good balance between temperature, drainage and sun exposure under Alsace's growing conditions. Because of predominantly westerly winds, the Vosges mountains tend to shelter Alsace from rain and maritime influence, and the region is therefore rather dry and sunny. The city of Colmar in the Haut-Rhin department of Alsace receives approximately 600 millimetres (24 in) of precipitation
1458-567: The absence of any formal separation between church and state : several mainstream denominations of the Christian church benefit from state funding, in contrast to principles applied in the rest of France. The seat of the General Council is located in Strasbourg , in a building designed by the architect Claude Vasconi . The current prefect of the Bas-Rhin is Stéphane Fratacci. The representative of
1512-551: The adjacent Moselle department have a legal system slightly different from the rest of France. The statutes in question date from the period 1871–1919 when the area was part of the German Empire . With the return of Alsace-Lorraine to France in 1919, Paris accepted that Alsace and Moselle should retain some local laws in respect of certain matters, especially with regard to hunting, economic life, local government relationships, health insurance and social rights. It includes notably
1566-500: The case of Alsace, the name Tokay Pinot gris was used as an intermediate step, with the "Tokay" part eliminated in 2007. The geography of the wine growing area in Alsace is determined by two main factors, the Vosges mountains in the west and the Rhine river in the east. The vineyards are concentrated in a narrow strip, running in a roughly north–south direction, on the lower eastern slopes of
1620-619: The castle was occupied and turned into an impregnable fortress by the Fleckenstein family. Many activities are offered such as the "Castle of challenges". There is a large selection of 20 games crossing the forest and in the secret rooms of the castle to discover life in the Middle Ages. The Château de Lichtenberg : built in the early 13th century on a hill overlooking the village, the site includes contemporary space-related cultural activities. With more than 27 million tourists per year, Bas-Rhin
1674-408: The decrease. Alsace is known for being the only French wine-growing region with a long practice in varietal labeling, which was a German tradition long before varietally labelled New world wines scored considerable export success. However, under appellation rules, not all varietal-sounding names on labels need to correspond to a single grape variety. Only one varietal label may be used on a wine, and
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1728-576: The department of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence . The same phenomenon was observed for the inférieur (also meaning "lower") departments such as Charente-Inférieure , Seine-Inférieure , and Loire-Inférieure . Bas-Rhin is one of the original 83 departments created on 4 March 1790, during the French Revolution . On 14 January 1790 the National Constituent Assembly decreed: The borders of Bas-Rhin have changed many times: Strasbourg ,
1782-411: The department were second homes. The stork is the emblematic bird of Alsace. According to legend, it brings newborn babies wrapped in a cloth tightly in its beak. Having disappeared from the local habitat; it has now returned, being protected and has become an integral part of the landscape. They can be seen mostly on the roofs of public buildings and more on houses. The traditional Alsatian costume
1836-410: The departments of Vosges and Meurthe-et-Moselle . The most populous commune is Strasbourg , the prefecture. As of 2021, there are 7 communes with more than 15,000 inhabitants: The Bas-Rhin has a continental-type climate, characterised by cold, dry winters and hot, stormy summers, due to the western protection provided by the Vosges . The average annual temperature is 10.4 °C (51 °F) in
1890-445: The end of the war, when Alsace was conquered by France , the fief was abolished. The city again achieved prosperity, chiefly due to wine growing and the production of kirsch from the cherry orchards connected with the chateau, and because it was spared during the following wars. During the time of Nazi annexation , a Nationalpolitische Erziehungsanstalt ( National Political Institute of Education , NEPA, popularly known as Napola )
1944-452: The fief was one of the most ancient belonging to Strasbourg. It finally became the main town of an episocopal fief , which also included Eguisheim . The city quickly developed and a wall was built around it. The golden age ended abruptly with the Thirty Years' War , when the town was devastated by the Swedes. Archduke Leopold Wilhelm of Austria held court in the city when he was in Alsace. At
1998-437: The following: VT: Riesling, Muscat, Muscat Ottonel: 235 g/L (formerly 220 g/L); Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer: 257 g/L (formerly 243 g/L) SGN: Riesling, Muscat, Muscat Ottonel: 276 g/L (formerly 256 g/L); Pinot Gris, Gewürztraminer: 306 g/L (formerly 279 g/L) Over the last decades, plantings of Riesling, Pinot noir and in particular Pinot gris have increased, while Sylvaner (once the most grown variety) and Chasselas have been on
2052-435: The larger houses, such as Hugel, sell both wines from their own vineyards and market wines they have produced from purchased grapes, i.e., operate as négociant . Producers calling themselves "Domaine", such as Zind-Humbrecht, are supposed to only use grapes from their own vineyards. There are also several winemaking cooperatives, some of which have a rather good reputation. The Route des Vins d'Alsace ( Wine route of Alsace)
2106-609: The lowest in France: 6.5%. The average GDP per capita is €18,795 which places the region as the second largest in France with 2.9% of national GDP. Employment is distributed in the following way, as a percentage of the labor force: Agriculture: 8,411 or 2% Crafts and industry: 97,349 or 24.2% Building and Public Works: 23,928 or 6.0% Tertiary Sector: 271,984 or 67.8% Frontaliers : 28,186 Trades: 11 358 companies comprising: Food industry : 568 units employing 15,884 employees Commerce: Tourism: 3,216 hotels with 11,100 rooms Alsace and
2160-646: The lowlands (Entzheim) and 7 °C (45 °F) on high ground. The annual maximum temperature is high (30 °C (86 °F)). The average rainfall is 700 mm (27.56 in) per year. Established according to data from the Infoclimat station at Strasbourg-Entzheim (the airport), over the period from 1961 to 1990. Bas-Rhin is the last French department to have kept the term Bas meaning "Lower" in its name. Other departments using this prefix preferred to change their names - e.g.: Basses-Pyrénées in 1969 became Pyrénées-Atlantiques and Basses-Alpes in 1970 became
2214-487: The mechanism dated 1492 is a masterpiece in itself. The Mont Sainte-Odile : a living spiritual place. Rising to 764 metres, this mountain in Vosges is topped by a monastery founded by Saint-Odile , the patron saint of Alsace. It is a tourist attraction and also a place of pilgrimage. The Alsatian Museum : A museum of art and popular traditions. There is a large collection of utilitarian objects, decorative objects, as well as costumes that depict everyday life in Alsace in
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2268-708: The merger of three faculties and the IUT of Illkirch and of Schiltigheim it has become one of the largest universities in France. There are also renowned institutions such as the National School of Administration (ENA), the National Institute of Territorial Studies (INET), the Higher European Institute of Management, and the National School of Physics of Strasbourg. The Château du Haut-Kœnigsbourg : built in
2322-509: The most, from 4% to 15% of the vineyard surface, while Sylvaner has decreased the most. The grape variety Pinot gris is believed to have been taken to Hungary in the 14th century, where it was named Szürkebarát . It is further believed to have been brought back to Alsace by General Lazarus von Schwendi after his campaign against the Turks in the 16th century. It was planted in Kientzheim under
2376-524: The name "Tokay", taken from Hungary's most famous wine Tokaji , which does not use Pinot gris, but rather Furmint and Hárslevelű mainly. For a long time, the Alsatian wines produced from this variety were labelled Tokay d'Alsace. However, in 1993, an agreement was reached between Hungary and the European Union (of which Hungary was not yet a member) to phase out the name Tokay from non- Hungarian wine . In
2430-586: The national average of 0.48% over the same period. Demographic change between the Franco-Prussian War of 1870 and the First World War was higher than the national average. Over this period, the population increased by 100,532 inhabitants, an increase of 16.74%, compared to 10% nationally. The population increased by 9.23% between the two world wars from 1921 to 1936 compared to a national growth of 6.9%. Like other French departments, Bas-Rhin experienced
2484-400: The national level. In fifteen years, from 1999 to 2014, its population grew by more than 86,000 people, or about 5,800 people per year. But this variation is differentiated among the 517 communes that make up the department. The population density of Bas-Rhin is 234 inhabitants per square kilometre in 2014 which is more than twice the average in France, which was 112 in 2009. The first census
2538-730: The towns are the N83 ( Lyon – Strasbourg ) and the railway line Strasbourg-Mulhouse- Basel . Rouffach has an oceanic climate ( Köppen climate classification Cfb ). The average annual temperature in Rouffach is 11.2 °C (52.2 °F). The average annual rainfall is 629.0 mm (24.76 in) with May as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in July, at around 20.3 °C (68.5 °F), and lowest in January, at around 1.9 °C (35.4 °F). The highest temperature ever recorded in Rouffach
2592-606: The two French Rhine departments: it is downstream of the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine) department. Both belong to the European Upper Rhine region. It is, with the Haut-Rhin (Upper Rhine), one of the two departments of the traditional Alsace region which until 1871, also included the area now known as the Territoire de Belfort . The more populous and densely populated of the pair, it had 1,152,662 inhabitants in 2021. The prefecture
2646-542: The white wines of Alsace are made from aromatic grape varieties , so many characteristic Alsace wines are aromatic, floral and spicy. Since they very seldom have any oak barrel aromas they tend to be very varietally pure in their character. Traditionally all Alsace wines were dry (which once set them apart from German wines with which they share many grape varieties), but an ambition to produce wines with more intense and fruity character has led some producers to produce wines which contain some residual sugar. Since until 2020 there
2700-654: Was 39.3 °C (102.7 °F) on 13 August 2003; the coldest temperature ever recorded was −17.5 °C (0.5 °F) on 13 January 1987. in pago qui vocatur Rubiaco (charter, 662), Rubiacum 12th century, Rufiacum 13th century. In records of the diocese of Strasbourg it is called Upper Mundat. The name derives from the Gallo-Roman male's name Rubbius or Rubius ending with Celtic suffix -āko > -acum (cf. Welsh -og ). Similar place-names in France ;: Royat ( Rubiacum 1147), Robiac ( Robiaco 1119). In
2754-401: Was conducted in 1801 and this count, renewed every five years from 1821, provides precise information on the evolution of population in the department. With 540,213 inhabitants in 1831, the department represented 1.66% of the total French population, which was then 32,569,000 inhabitants. From 1831 to 1866, the department gained 48,757 people, an increase of 0.26% on average per year compared to
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#17328555933792808-798: Was housed in a former sanatorium of the city (as of October 1940). Rouffach is a station on the Romanesque Route of Alsace ( Route Romane d'Alsace ). Since 1964, Rouffach has been a partner of the German city of Bönnigheim in Baden-Württemberg . Born in Rouffach: Resident in Rouffach: Alsace wine Alsace wine or Alsatian wine ( French : Vin d'Alsace ; German : Elsässer Wein ; Haut Rhin Alsatian : d'r Wii vum Elsàss ; Bas Rhin Alsatian : de Win vum Elsàss )
2862-616: Was no official labeling that differentiated completely dry from off-dry (or even semi-sweet) wines, this occasionally led to some confusion among consumers. It is more common to find residual sugar in Gewürztraminer and Pinot gris, which reach a higher natural sugar content on ripeness , than in Riesling, Muscat or Sylvaner. Usually there is a "house style" as to residual sugar, i.e., some producers only produce totally dry wines, except for their dessert style wines. Almost all production in Alsace
2916-462: Was produced, corresponding to 148.4 million bottles of 750 mL, generating 478.8 million euro in revenue. Of the vineyard surface, 78% was classified for the production of AOC Alsace wines, 4% for AOC Alsace Grand Cru, and 18% for AOC Crémant d'Alsace. About 90% of the wine produced is white. 25% of the production is exported, and the five largest export markets for still Alsace wine in terms of volume are Belgium , Netherlands , Germany , Denmark and
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