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33-445: The name Roppongi , which appears to have been coined around 1660, literally means "six trees". Six very old and large zelkova trees used to mark the area; the first three were cleared, and the last were destroyed during World War II . Another legend has it that the name comes from the fact that six daimyōs lived nearby during the Edo period , each with the kanji character for "tree" or

66-786: A gallery. The gallery was then based in various locations in Paris before moving to an 18th-century townhouse in the Marais district in 2005. In June 2020, the gallery opened a new 70 m space on Avenue Matignon in western Paris. The gallery participated in the FIAC (Foire Internationale d'Art Contemporain) in Paris until it closed in 2022. It also participates in Art Paris, Paris+ by Art Basel , and Asia Now. The Paris gallery welcomes up to 900 visitors daily for certain exhibitions . In 2012, Perrotin Hong Kong

99-668: A kind of tree in their names. Roppongi was not extensively populated until after the Meiji Restoration , although the area was trafficked for centuries and served as the site of the cremation of Shōgun Tokugawa Hidetada 's wife in 1626. In 1890, the Third Imperial Guard of the Imperial Japanese Army was moved to a site near Roppongi (now home to the Pacific bureau of Stars and Stripes ). The influx of soldiers led to

132-630: A major economic boost in 2002–2003 when the Izumi Garden Tower and the Roppongi Hills high-rise complexes were completed. These projects brought high-end office and condominium space to Roppongi for the first time. The Tokyo Midtown project in neighbouring Akasaka, which was completed in 2006, and includes the first Tokyo Ritz-Carlton Hotel, continued this trend. The area features numerous bars, nightclubs, strip clubs, restaurants, hostess clubs, cabarets , and other forms of entertainment. Among

165-627: A neighborhood with large numbers of non-Japanese . Several large US military installations were located in the nearby area, with Hardy Barracks probably the most significant (the US Embassy Housing Compound and Akasaka Press Center including Hardy Barracks Recreational Lodging, Stars and Stripes office and heliport are still there). Surrounding the military installations were many Japanese-owned restaurants, pool halls, bars, and brothels which catered to US military personnel but were also often frequented by Japanese customers. Starting in

198-451: A new gallery there in 2024. The gallery also organizes art-related events such as conferences and children's workshops. It produces videos and podcasts ("L'amour de l'art") and publishes artist books, editions, and prints that are sold in its Perrotin Store bookshops. It also has an active presence on social media . In 2022, Perrotin had a revenue of 140 million euros. In June 2023,

231-497: A number of clubs which feature foreign performers. There are also a number of both foreign- and Japanese-operated bars catering to different crowds. Recently, Roppongi has enjoyed a growing reputation for its organized events such as art festivals, dart and billiard tournaments, pub crawls, robot exhibitions, beauty pageants, and so on. Restaurants in Roppongi vary from upscale Japanese fare to popular international restaurants. Roppongi

264-1243: A series of drink-spiking incidents, in which customers reported being drugged and robbed, were linked to Nigerian-owned bars. The incidents resulted in the United States embassy in Japan warning US citizens to avoid certain bars and clubs in Roppongi. An investigation by The Japan Times in July 2011 found that though drink spiking occurred, most of the incidents did not involve criminal activity. Many customers claimed unusually severe hangovers after nights spent in Nigerian-run establishments. Similar complaints are often made about non-Nigerian bars in Roppongi that offer unlimited drink packages and often lace drinks with hard liquor to minimize customer consumption and increase profit. 35°39′36″N 139°43′48″E  /  35.66000°N 139.73000°E  / 35.66000; 139.73000 Zelkova serrata Zelkova serrata ( Japanese zelkova , Japanese elm , keyaki , or keaki ; Japanese : 欅 (ケヤキ) keyaki /槻 (ツキ) tsuki ; Chinese : 榉树/櫸樹 jǔshù ; Korean : 느티나무 neutinamu )

297-491: A symbol of protection for villages since ancient times, and can still be found planted at central points in cities, towns and villages around the country. The trees often stand next to small pavilions, serving both as shaded informal gathering points, and spaces for traditional rituals and ceremonies involving prayer and offerings to the tree. The oldest of these trees are estimated to be in excess of 1,000 years in age, and are protected as natural monuments by Korean law. In 2013,

330-620: Is monoecious . It develops flowers in spring with the leaves. Buds are ovoid, acutish, with many imbricate , dark brown scales. They diverge at a 45-degree angle from the stem. The staminate flowers are shortly pedicellate and approximately 3mm in diameter, clustered in the axils of the lower leaves. The pistillate flowers are solitary or few in axils of the upper leaves, sessile and usually about 1.5 mm in diameter. The flowers are yellow-green, not showy, and occur in tight groups along new stems. They give rise to small, ovate, wingless drupes that ripen in late summer to autumn. The drupe

363-409: Is a species of the genus Zelkova native to Japan , Korea , eastern China and Taiwan . It is often grown as an ornamental tree , and used in bonsai . There are two varieties , Zelkova serrata var. serrata in Japan and mainland eastern Asia, and Zelkova serrata var. tarokoensis (Hayata) Li on Taiwan which differs from the type in its smaller leaves with less deeply cut serration on

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396-855: Is a symbol of a number of Japanese cities and prefectures: Saitama Prefecture , Miyagi Prefecture, Fukushima Prefecture, Fukushima-shi, Abiko-shi, Tachikawa-shi, Yokohama-shi, Machida City in Tokyo Metropolis District , Takatsuki City and more. Galerie Perrotin Perrotin gallery is a contemporary art gallery founded by Emmanuel Perrotin in Paris in the 1990s. It has multiple locations worldwide, including galleries in Paris , Hong Kong , New York , Seoul , Tokyo , Shanghai , and Los Angeles . Emmanuel Perrotin founded Perrotin gallery in 1990. He initially rented an apartment on Rue de Turbigo and then on Rue de Beaubourg in Paris, which he converted into

429-612: Is green maturing to brown, subsessile and 2.5 to 3.5 mm ( 3 ⁄ 32 to 1 ⁄ 8  in) in diameter. To identify Zelkova serrata , one would look for a short main trunk, low branching and a vase-shaped habit. The twigs are slender with small, dark conical buds in a zigzag pattern. The branches are usually glabrous. The bark is grayish white to grayish brown and either smooth with lenticels or exfoliating in patches to reveal orange inner bark. The branchlets are brownish-purple to brown. The threats to this tree include colder temperature, which often result in twig dieback. It

462-433: Is highly resistant to Dutch elm disease , which makes it a good replacement tree for American elm. Zelkova serrata is similar in appearance to the elms, though may be distinguished by its unwinged fruit and leaves which are symmetrical rather than uneven at their base. Zelkova serrata also shows good resistance to elm leaf beetle and Japanese beetle . The tree is prone to fungus Griphosphaerioma zelkovicola which

495-621: Is home to many important art galleries and museums in Tokyo, serving as a center hub for culture. This includes prestigious institutions such as the Mori Art Museum , Kotaro Nukaga , Galerie Perrotin , and The National Art Center, Tokyo . Mori Building Company and The Pokémon Company have their headquarters in the Roppongi Hills Mori Tower . Companies based in Roppongi include: Public elementary and middle schools are operated by

528-568: Is located in Roppongi. Toyo Eiwa Jogakuin is private girls school, also located at Torii-Zaka in the district. The American School in Japan Early Learning Center is in Roppongi Hills. Minato City Library operates Azabu Library in Roppongi. In the past, Roppongi had a reputation as an area with high yakuza presence, whether as customers at Roppongi establishments, conducting business, or managing or owning clubs and bars in

561-672: Is often grown as an ornamental tree , both in its native area and in Europe and North America. The first cultivation outside of Asia was by Philipp Franz von Siebold , who introduced it to the Netherlands in 1830. Recently, it has been planted as a "street tree" in New York City and Philadelphia. In the UK it has gained the Royal Horticultural Society 's Award of Garden Merit . Within

594-504: Is zoned to Kōgai Elementary School  [ ja ] . The majority of Roppongi is zoned to Roppongi Junior High School. However, 2-chōme is instead zoned to Akasaka Junior High School  [ ja ] . Roppongi 7-chome 23-ban is instead zoned to Koryo Junior High School  [ ja ] . Public high schools are operated by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government Board of Education . Roppongi High School

627-418: The expatriate community, the area tends to be favored by business people, students, and off-duty US military personnel. Overall, the neighborhood caters to a younger crowd. Clubs can range from large, multi-level establishments, to smaller one-room clubs located in upper levels of buildings. In more recent times some of the larger venues with known yakuza connections have closed. Around Roppongi crossing are

660-538: The Korea Forest Research Institute announced a project to clone the zelkova, pine , and ginkgo trees that are identified as natural monuments, so their lineage will not be lost in case of disaster or death due to age. According to data investigated by Korea Forest Service in 1989, the largest number of trees over 500 years old were specimens of Zelkova serrata , among which more than ten have been registered as Natural Monuments of Korea. The tree

693-617: The Minato City (the Minato Ward) Board of Education. Roppongi Junior High School  [ ja ] is located at Imoarai-Zaka, in Roppongi. Roppongi 1- chōme , 3-chōme, and 4-chōme, as well as 1-8 and 15-18 ban of 5-chōme, and 1-22 ban of 7-chōme, are zoned to Azabu Elementary School  [ ja ] . 2-chōme is zoned to Akasaka Elementary School  [ ja ] . 9-14 ban of 5-chōme and 6-chōme are zoned to Nanzan Elementary School  [ ja ] . 23-ban of 7-chōme

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726-718: The President's residence, the Blue House , and Gyeongbok Palace . In June 2017, Emmanuel Perrotin opened a 140 m gallery in Tokyo, on the first floor of the Piramide Building at 6-6-9 Roppongi Minato-ku Tokyo, in the heart of Roppongi . In 2018, a new gallery was inaugurated in Shanghai's Bund district. In August 2022, Perrotin opened Perrotin Dosan Park. The two-story building boasts around 250 square meters of exhibition space and

759-578: The United Kingdom, the Royal Horticultural Society's Plantfinder currently lists 38 suppliers for the pure species and associated varieties. This tree requires full to partial sun and prefers moist, well-drained soils. A fertilizer rich in potassium and nitrogen encourages new vegetation and floral buds. It is adaptable and tolerant of heat, little water, nutrient-poor soils and various pH. It should be periodically thinned to allow light into

792-550: The area's rise as a nightlife district , briefly interrupted by the Great Kanto earthquake which flattened the area in 1923. Roppongi was administratively part of Azabu Ward from 1878 to 1947. After World War II , during which the area was again destroyed, this time by aerial bombing raids, the United States Army and Allied government officials occupied several facilities in the area, beginning Roppongi's reputation as

825-478: The area. Although still exerting some influence in Roppongi, in recent times they appear to have shifted much of their presence to other districts in the Tokyo area. In 2006, Nigerian immigrants to Japan began opening a number of bars and nightclubs in the area, following an earlier group of innovators who had been in business in Roppongi for many years. The Nigerians were noted for using visible, high-pressure tactics to draw customers to their bars. In 2009 and 2010

858-403: The final frost. Numerous cultivars have been selected, including: It has also hybridised with Zelkova carpinifolia in Europe, the hybrid being named Zelkova × verschaffeltii . Keyaki wood is valued in Japan and used often for furniture, such as tansu , as well as being considered the ideal wood for the creation of taiko drums. In Korea, Zelkova serrata has been considered

891-471: The inner canopy. Zelkova Serrata is propagated by seeds, rooted stem cuttings and grafting. The seeds germinate without pretreatment, though the percentage is better when stratified at 5 °C (41 °F) for 60 days. Because germination requires stratification, the seed is best sown early in the year. To ensure survival it may be necessary to pot the tree and grow it in a greenhouse for its first winter. It may be reintroduced into its permanent habitat after

924-423: The late 1960s, Roppongi became popular among Japanese people and foreigners alike for its disco scene, which attracted many of Tokyo's entertainment elites. Contributing to the international scene was the location of several foreign embassies and foreign corporate offices in the Roppongi area. However, many dance clubs shut down in the recession following the market crash of 1989 . The Roppongi area received

957-536: The margins. Zelkova serrata is a medium-sized deciduous tree usually growing to 30 m (98 ft) tall. It is characterized by a short trunk dividing into many upright and erect spreading stems forming a broad, round-topped head. The tree grows rapidly when young though the growth rate slows to medium upon middle age and maturity. It has alternately arranged leaves growing to 5 cm (2 in) long and broad. The leaves themselves are simple and ovate to oblong-ovate with serrated or crenate margins, to which

990-455: The tree owes its specific epithet serrata . The leaves are acuminate or apiculate , rounded or subcordate at the base, and contain 8–14 pairs of veins. The leaves are rough on top and glabrous or nearly glabrous on the underside. They are green to dark green in spring and throughout the summer, changing to yellows, oranges and reds in autumn. The petioles are 2–5 mm ( 1 ⁄ 16 – 3 ⁄ 16  in) long. Zelkova serrata

1023-693: Was designed by KIAS (Kentaro Ishida Architects Studio) in collaboration with Yoki Design and Kenny Ho . In 2022, a new gallery was opened in Dubaï. In 2020, Perrotin Gallery had a worldwide surface area of 7,100 m . Perrotin gallery participates in several annual fairs abroad, including Art Basel (Hong Kong, Basel , Miami ), Frieza Art Fair , Art021 & West Bund Art & Design (Shanghai), The Armory Show , and TEFAF New York. In 2023, Perrotin organized several exhibitions in Los Angeles before opening

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1056-411: Was first observed in Japan on the bark of Zelkova serrata trees in 2003. Zelkova serrata is planted as a lawn or park tree for its attractive bark, leaf color and vase shape. It provides good shade and has an easy fall cleanup. It is easy to transport, and often available in burlap form. It is also commonly used for bonsai ; its attractive shape and colors make it a popular choice for the art. It

1089-620: Was inaugurated. In 2020, the gallery moved to K11 Atelier, Victoria Dockside, Tsim Sha Tsui . From 2013 to 2016, Perrotin New York was based in a historic Upper East Side location on Madison Avenue before moving to a landmark building in the Lower East Side . The gallery includes a large bookshop that sells editions and books. In 2016, Perrotin opened a 200 m gallery in Seoul's Jongno District , next to numerous galleries and museums, opposite

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