25-659: The Roem–Van Roijen Agreement was an agreement made between Indonesian republicans and the Netherlands on 7 May 1949 at the Des Indes Hotel. The name was derived between the two principal negotiators at the meeting; Mohammad Roem and Jan Herman van Roijen . The purpose of the meeting was to iron out outstanding issues prior to Indonesian independence which was to be granted at the Round Table Conference at The Hague later that same year. On 19 December 1948,
50-801: A central role in negotiating the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement during the Indonesian National Revolution (1945–1949), which laid the groundwork for the Dutch-Indonesian Round Table Conference wherein the Dutch finally recognized the sovereignty of Indonesia. Born into a Javanese family , Roem studied law at the Rechts Hogeschool in Batavia (now Jakarta ), during which time he had become politically active in
75-588: A cessation of guerrilla warfare and agreement to attend the Round Table Conference by the Indonesians before the republican leadership would be allowed to return to Yogyakarta. The head of the Indonesian republican delegation, Mohammad Roem , rejected these demands, and said that the republican leadership must be returned to the capital first. The United States then put pressure on the Indonesian side to accept
100-399: A week, with Dutch delegation leader Jan Herman van Roijen demanding a cessation of guerrilla warfare and agreement to attend the Round Table Conference by the Indonesians before the republican leadership would be allowed to return to Yogyakarta. The head of the Indonesian republican delegation, Mohammad Roem , rejected these demands, and said that the republican leadership must be returned to
125-439: A wife and two children. Roem%E2%80%93Van Roijen Agreement The Roem–Van Roijen Agreement was an agreement made between Indonesian republicans and the Netherlands on 7 May 1949 at the Des Indes Hotel. The name was derived between the two principal negotiators at the meeting; Mohammad Roem and Jan Herman van Roijen . The purpose of the meeting was to iron out outstanding issues prior to Indonesian independence which
150-535: The Indonesian national awakening , he was active in several organizations such as Jong Islamieten Bond in 1924 and Sarekat Islam in 1925. During the revolution , he was a member of the Indonesian delegation at the Linggarjati Agreement (1946) and Renville Agreement (1948). In 1949, he was also the leader of the delegation at the Roem–Van Roijen Agreement , which discussed Indonesia 's borders, and which
175-643: The Masyumi Party . Opposed to President Sukarno 's Guided Democracy , he was arrested and jailed in 1961. Following his release in 1966, after Sukarno fell from power , he was elected chairman of the Parmusi Party (Masyumi's successor). However, he was prevented from taking office by the new regime . He devoted most of his remaining years to studying and writing. He died in 1983. Roem was born in Parakan, Temanggung , Central Java , on May 16, 1908. His father's name
200-474: The Round Table Conference held at the Hague from 23 August to 2 November 1949. Mohammad Roem Mohammad Roem ( EYD : Mohammad Rum ; 16 May 1908 – 24 September 1983) was an Indonesian politician and diplomat. He served in various positions during his career in government, including as Minister of Home Affairs , Minister of Foreign Affairs , and Deputy Prime Minister of Indonesia . He played
225-493: The United Nations Security Council called for the release of the Indonesian leaders captured during the police action and for the Dutch to transfer sovereignty to Indonesia by 1 July 1950. In the face of this pressure the Dutch conceded defeat, and insisted on preliminary discussions with the Indonesian republican government. Negotiations between the two sides began on 14 April, but reached deadlock after
250-508: The nationalist movement . After graduating, he worked as a lawyer during the Japanese occupation period (1942–1945). Following the proclamation of independence in 1945, Roem joined the newly formed Republican government where he emerged as an able diplomat and became the Republic's principal negotiator with the Dutch. After the handover of sovereignty in 1949, Roem remained active in politics and
275-553: The Dutch classified people detained after 10 May as criminals, who were therefore not eligible for release. On 18 June, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia , which had assumed the governmental role following the Dutch attack, ordered republic troops to halt military action, and the final Dutch forces left the Yogyakarta region on 30 June. On 6 July, republican leaders Sukarno and Hatta returned to
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#1732847577525300-451: The Dutch made a final effort to gain control of the areas of their former colony of Indonesia , which had declared independence in 1945 , that were still under the control of republican forces, by launching a "police action" known as Operation Kraai . Despite the military success of this operation, in which Dutch forces overcame Indonesian fighters and recaptured the whole of Java, including the Indonesian republican capital, Yogyakarta, there
325-421: The Dutch terms, which it did fearing the loss of US support if it refused to do so. One member of the Indonesian delegation, Mohammad Natsir resigned in protest, but the two sides reached agreement on 7 May. The main points of agreement were: In essence, the Dutch had obtained the concessions they sought from the Indonesian side at the time of the deadlock. The release of captured prisoners went ahead, but
350-425: The Indonesian leaders captured during the police action and for the Dutch to transfer sovereignty to Indonesia by 1 July 1950. In the face of this pressure the Dutch conceded defeat, and insisted on preliminary discussions with the Indonesian republican government. Negotiations between the two sides began on 14 April, but reached deadlock after a week, with Dutch delegation leader Jan Herman van Roijen demanding
375-409: The Indonesian side at the time of the deadlock. The release of captured prisoners went ahead, but the Dutch classified people detained after 10 May as criminals, who were therefore not eligible for release. On 18 June, the Emergency Government of the Republic of Indonesia , which had assumed the governmental role following the Dutch attack, ordered republic troops to halt military action, and
400-414: The capital first. The United States then put pressure on the Indonesian side to accept the Dutch terms, which it did fearing the loss of US support if it refused to do so. One member of the Indonesian delegation, Mohammad Natsir resigned in protest, but the two sides reached agreement on 7 May. The main points of agreement were: In essence, the Dutch had obtained the concessions they sought from
425-522: The capital. The following week, they resumed the role of government and the cabinet met. In July and August, Indonesian republicans held a series of meetings with the Federal Consultative Assembly , representing the states established in areas controlled by the Dutch, to agree on the form of the independent United States of Indonesia (RIS). The final transfer of sovereignty to the RIS was agreed at
450-411: The final Dutch forces left the Yogyakarta region on 30 June. On 6 July, republican leaders Sukarno and Hatta returned to the capital. The following week, they resumed the role of government and the cabinet met. In July and August, Indonesian republicans held a series of meetings with the Federal Consultative Assembly , representing the states established in areas controlled by the Dutch, to agree on
475-413: The training of native physicians", STOVIA ) after attending government examinations. Three years later, he completed the preliminary test was transferred to Algemene Middelbare School , and graduated in 1930. After attending the admission test of Medical College, and being rejected, he turned to law, entering Rechts Hoogeschool in 1932 and obtaining the degree Meester in de Rechten in 1939. During
500-522: The whole of Java, including the Indonesian republican capital, Yogyakarta, there was worldwide condemnation, including from the United Nations (UN). On 31 December, the Dutch agreed to a ceasefire requested by the UN. The United States subsequently put pressure on the Dutch to negotiate with the Indonesian side, including issuing a threat to withhold post-war financial aid. The Dutch agreed. In January 1949,
525-472: Was Dulkarnaen Djojosasmito, and his mother's name was Siti Tarbijah. He moved to Pekalongan because Parakan was hit by an outbreak of infectious diseases like cholera , plague , and influenza . In 1915, he studied at Volksschool and two years later continued to Hollandse Inlandsche School until 1924. In 1924, he received a scholarship to study at the School tot Opleiding van Inlandsche Artsen ("school for
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#1732847577525550-554: Was arrested and jailed without trial in Madiun , together with Sutan Sjahrir , Anuk Agung , the sultan of Pontianak Hamid , and Soedarpo Sastrosatomo . They were released by Attorney-general Sugi Aito in May 1966. Roem married Markisah Dahlia in 1932. They had two children; a boy, Roemoso, born in 1933 and a girl, Rumeisa, born in 1939. Roem died in September 1983 from a lung disorder, leaving
575-718: Was signed on May 7, 1949. As a state official, he served as interior minister in the Sjahrir III Cabinet , foreign minister during the Natsir Cabinet , interior minister during the Wilopo Cabinet , and deputy prime minister during the Ali Sastroamidjojo II Cabinet . Roem was a senior figure in the Masyumi Party , which was banned by President Sukarno in 1960 for its support of the PRRI rebellion. In 1962 he
600-484: Was to be granted at the Round Table Conference at The Hague later that same year. On 19 December 1948, the Dutch made a final effort to gain control of the areas of their former colony of Indonesia , which had declared independence in 1945 , that were still under the control of republican forces, by launching a "police action" known as Operation Kraai . Despite the military success of this operation, in which Dutch forces overcame Indonesian fighters and recaptured
625-403: Was worldwide condemnation, including from the United Nations (UN). On 31 December, the Dutch agreed to a ceasefire requested by the UN. The United States subsequently put pressure on the Dutch to negotiate with the Indonesian side, including issuing a threat to withhold post-war financial aid. The Dutch agreed. In January 1949, the United Nations Security Council called for the release of
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