75-409: 6 7 14 17 23 24 25 27 34 38 40 42 48 49 The Rizal Memorial Track and Football Stadium (simply known as the Rizal Memorial Stadium ) is the main stadium of
150-645: A municipality . President Ferdinand Marcos appointed his wife, First Lady Imelda Marcos , as the first governor of Metro Manila . She launched the City of Man campaign. The Cultural Center of the Philippines Complex , Metropolitan Folk Arts Theater , Philippine International Convention Center , Coconut Palace and healthcare facilities such as the Lung Center of the Philippines , Philippine Heart Center , and
225-571: A coastal lagoon, and a beach. The framework of government and governance in Metro Manila is based on Republic Act No. 7160, otherwise known as the "Local Government Code of 1991" . This law outlines the powers and responsibilities of all local government units (LGUS) in the Philippines and thus forms the basis of inter-local governmental relations among the area's constituent local governments. The local government code grants these units significant political and administrative autonomy in accordance with
300-711: A concurrent elected position such as mayor. Elfren Cruz was the last to serve as the Officer-In-Charge governor of Metro Manila. Throughout 1988, unemployment among the country's regions was highest in Metro Manila, with 20.1% of the region's workforce being jobless according to the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) and the National Statistics Office . In 2014, then-MMDA chairman Francis Tolentino proposed that San Pedro, Laguna be included in Metro Manila as its 18th member city. Tolentino said that in
375-690: A new walled city of Manila became the capital of the Spanish East Indies. After setting up a settlement and consolidating some territorial holdings outwards, the Spanish instituted a province known as Manila . Later on, the Manila galleon continually sailed the Pacific from end-to-end, bringing to Mexico Asian merchandise and cultural exchange. In the First Philippine Republic, the province included
450-567: A position of authority recognized under international military law. The City of Greater Manila served as a model for the present-day Metro Manila and the administrative functions of the Governor of Metro Manila that was established during the Marcos administration. After World War II, in 1945, President Sergio Osmeña signed Executive Order No. 58, which dissolved the city of Greater Manila instituted by former President Quezon. World War II resulted in
525-578: A relatively lengthy wet season that covers the remaining period with slightly cooler temperatures. In the wet season, it rarely rains all day, but rainfall is very heavy during short periods. Typhoons usually occur from June to September. There are four national parks in Metro Manila. These are the Rizal Park , Paco Park , and Fort Santiago in the City of Manila and Quezon Memorial National Park in Quezon City . Rizal Park and Paco Park are managed by
600-597: A semi-terminus, with most buses turning back north, instead of proceeding to PITX, or making PITX-Venice Grand Canal Mall and Venice Grand Canal Mall-North EDSA separate trips. Buses still terminate at SM City Fairview or Nova Stop. Buses still terminate at Eton Centris. Most units currently terminate at 5th Avenue. Buses terminate at Market! Market!. Buses still terminate at VGC. Buses terminate at One Ayala, Gil Puyat Avenue or Lawton. Buses terminate at Market! Market!. Buses terminate at One Ayala, Gil Puyat Avenue or Lawton. Gil Puyat Avenue acts as
675-420: A semi-terminus, with most buses turning back south, instead of proceeding to Malanday, or making separate Malanday-LRT Buendia and LRT Buendia-Ayala Loop trips. Also serves as augmentation for LRT Line 1 . There are certain instances that the route may be extended to SM Mall of Asia. Most buses terminate at One Ayala or Gil Puyat Avenue. Buses terminate at One Ayala or Gil Puyat Avenue. Route 46
750-536: A threat as well. Flooding is recurrent every year especially in low-lying areas of Valenzuela , Malabon , Caloocan , Navotas , Manila , Pasay , Parañaque , and Las Piñas , where flood are generally linked with the tidal movements in Manila Bay . Meanwhile, Marikina , Pasig , Taguig , and Pateros are areas inland that are also prone to flooding. These areas are located along the Marikina Valley where there
825-709: Is more akin to the Bangsamoro Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao . Metro Manila, the National Capital Region, is the seat of the national government. All the main offices of the executive departments of the country are in Metro Manila. The Department of Agrarian Reform , Department of Agriculture , Department of Environment and Natural Resources , National Housing Authority and Philippine Coconut Authority has their main offices based around Quezon Memorial Circle in Quezon City . Manila ,
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#1732852192528900-490: Is now considered Luzon island, or at least its southern portion, was called "Luzon the greater", while what is now considered Mindoro island was called "Luzon the lesser". Manila has historically been a global city due to its role for international trade. By the 15th and 16th centuries, Manila was a walled and fortified city and was the capital of the Kingdom of Luzon. Its institution, government, and economy were associated with
975-468: Is poor soil drainage and a shallow water table due to being in proximity to Laguna Bay's shores. Flood risks are generally lower in cities along the Guadalupe Plateau, including Quezon City , San Juan , Makati , Mandaluyong and Muntinlupa , where volcanic rocks rise up to 40 to 70 meters (130 to 230 ft) above sea level. Around five to seven typhoons hit Manila yearly. Manila was ranked as
1050-453: Is the home to all embassies in the Philippines, thereby making it an important center for international diplomacy in the country. Its economic power makes the region the country's premier center for finance and commerce. The region accounts for 36% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of the Philippines. Greater Manila is the fourth largest ASEAN country subdivision by GDP after Singapore , Jakarta and Bangkok . In 1975, in response to
1125-497: The 2020 Philippine coronavirus lockdowns , the region had more than 900 public transport routes operated by 830 bus franchises and more than 43,000 jeepney franchises competing with each other. This extremely deregulated public transport environment has made managing public transport services a challenge for the government for many years. The oversupply of public utility vehicles as well as redundant and overlapping transport routes have also led to severe road congestion. In June 2020,
1200-575: The De La Salle University to refurbish the stadium's football pitch. The stadium had undergone a major renovation program with the Philippine Football Federation (PFF) spend ₱3.4 million for the renovation of the locker rooms, comfort rooms, and the fiberglass seats. The renovation was completed in 2011 and was first used for the game of Azkals against Sri Lanka in 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers round on July 3, 2011 which
1275-635: The Department of Science and Technology is based in Taguig while the Department of Tourism has its headquarters in Makati . Important economic and financial institutions headquartered in the region are the Asian Development Bank , Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , Development Bank of the Philippines , Land Bank of the Philippines and the National Economic and Development Authority . The main office of
1350-651: The Department of Transportation in partnership with the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority and operated by private bus operators , individually licensed by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board . As of August 2020, of the more than 300 public transport routes available in Metro Manila, 64 routes are being serviced by public utility buses in the metropolitan region. All Metro Manila's local or city bus services are contracted out to private firms. Prior to
1425-498: The Department of Transportation launched the Metro Manila Bus Rationalization Program in a complete overhaul of Manila's bus transport network. The program was a follow through of the 2017 Public Utility Vehicle Modernization Program and coincided with the government's gradual and calibrated resumption of Manila's public transport following more than two months under coronavirus restrictions. On July 1,
1500-687: The EDSA Carousel line (Route E) started its interim operations with a total of fifteen stops in dedicated bus lanes completed by the Metropolitan Manila Development Authority. On August 17, 2020, the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board added four more city bus routes. Due to the further easing of COVID-19 pandemic restrictions, the LTFRB noted that the rationalized bus routes were "not responsive to
1575-954: The Government Service Insurance System in Pasay serves as home to the Senate of the Philippines . Meanwhile, the House of Representatives of the Philippines is based in the Batasang Pambansa Complex , Quezon City along with the Sandiganbayan . The Coconut Palace once served as the official office and residence of the Vice President of the Philippines in 2010–2016 and then the Quezon City Reception House for 2016-2022. The political and administrative boundaries of
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#17328521925281650-505: The Kidney Center of the Philippines are all constructed precisely for this purpose. The capital of the Philippines was re-designated to Manila in 1976 through Presidential Decree No. 940. The decree states that Manila has always been, to the Filipino people and in the eyes of the world, the premier city of the Philippines, being the center of trade, commerce, education, and culture. While
1725-665: The Marikina River provides water for industrial uses and discharge. The Laguna Lowlands is not only suitable for agriculture and aquaculture but also for industrial activity. Metro Manila is exposed to multiple natural hazards such as earthquakes , floods , and typhoons . It is surrounded by active faults including the Marikina Valley Fault System . Other distant faults such as the Philippine Faults , Lubang Faults, Manila Trench and Casiguran Faults, are
1800-881: The National Capital Region ( NCR ; Filipino: Pambansang Punong Rehiyon ), is the capital region and largest metropolitan area of the Philippines . Located on the eastern shore of Manila Bay , the region lies between the Central Luzon and Calabarzon regions. Encompassing an area of 636.00 km (245.56 sq mi) and with a population of 13,484,462 as of 2020, it consists of sixteen highly urbanized cities : Manila —the capital city— Caloocan , Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasay , Pasig , Quezon City , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela , along with one independent municipality, Pateros . As
1875-642: The Philippine Amusement and Gaming Corporation to the Philippine Sports Commission. The first international rugby test in the stadium was held when the Philippines hosted the 2012 Asian Five Nations Division I tournament, which doubled as a qualifying tournament for the 2015 Rugby World Cup ; the goal posts were erected just days prior to the tournament. On July 4, 1966, the Rizal Memorial Stadium hosted two sold-out concerts of
1950-657: The Quezon City Bus Augmentation Program , the Quezon City government began operating eight city-wide bus routes with the approval of the Land Transportation and Franchising Regulatory Board. The service is also referred to as City Bus and the QCity Bus Service . On June 24, 2022, Quezon City mayor Joy Belmonte announced that the city's bus services will continue to be offered for free amidst
2025-537: The Rizal Memorial Sports Complex in Manila , Philippines . It served as the main stadium of the 1954 Asian Games and the Southeast Asian Games on three occasions. The stadium is also officially the home of the Philippines national football teams and domestic matches. Since the 1930s, it has hosted all major local football tournaments and some international matches. When a new tartan track
2100-609: The Southern Tagalog region being designated as Region IV-A. Finally, in 1978, Metro Manila became the National Capital Region (NCR) of the Philippines, discontinuing its numerical designation and reverting it to Southern Tagalog. Manila , to the extent that it has this placename, was likely founded in the Middle Ages, or between 400 and 1500s, due to the Sanskrit origin of the component "nila" in its name which refers to "indigo", and
2175-405: The 1500s had also been taking part in mercenary work in other kingdoms. The Luzonians' commercial influence also reached as far as Butuan. By the 1570s, the ruling class of Manila together with the international Luzonian merchants were Muslim and Islam was spreading through the freemen and the slaves. On May 24, 1570, the battle of Manila was fought between the Kingdom of Luzon, under the command of
2250-530: The Beatles . The combined attendance was 80,000 with the evening concert registering 50,000 paying audience and becoming the Beatles' second-biggest concert ever. Add to this, a celebrity had concert in this Stadium “The Vic Damone Show” held on 24 December 1960. A huge audience attended his concert in the evening. During the government's "Hatid Tulong" program, the stadium was used as the designated temporary holding place for Locally Stranded Individuals (LSIs). With
2325-515: The Coastal Margin, Guadalupe Plateau, Marikina Valley, and the Laguna Lowlands. The Coastal Margin or Lowland is a flat and low plain that faces Manila Bay . Located here is Manila , Navotas , parts of Malabon , and the western part and reclaimed areas of Pasay and Parañaque , where the ground elevation ranges from zero meters on Manila Bay to five meters (16 ft) at the west side of
Rizal Memorial Stadium - Misplaced Pages Continue
2400-597: The Dominicans during the Spanish colonial period. Filipino Landscape architect IP Santos , the "Father of Philippine Landscape Architecture", was commissioned to do the design of converting the former cemetery into a park. Manila Zoo is the oldest zoo in Asia, which was founded in 1959. It is the home to more than a thousand animals from 90 different species including the 40-year-old elephant, Mali. The zoo has an average of 4,000 visitors weekly. An estimated 40,000 tourists visit
2475-890: The LTFRB announced new bus routes to serve Philippine National Railways passengers once the construction of the North-South Commuter Railway commences. In August 2023, modification of some pre-pandemic routes were made through LTFRB Board Resolution No. 55 series of 2023, and LTFRB Board Resolution No. 57 series of 2023. As of November 2024, there are a total of 68 local bus routes in Metro Manila franchised out to private bus operators. Most buses terminate at Taytay. Buses still terminate at Farmers Plaza Also serves as augmentation for LRT Line 2 . Most units still terminate at Eton Centris Also known as SM Fairview-PITX. Reinalyn Bus Line units terminate at Festival Alabang or South Station Terminals Buses terminate at Eton Centris Venice Grand Canal Mall acts as
2550-596: The Manila Bay Beach Resort. Rizal Park , also known as Luneta Park, is considered the largest urban park in Asia with an area of 58 hectares (140 acres). The park along with the historic walled area of Intramuros are designated as flagship destination to become a tourism enterprise zone according to the Tourism Act of 2009. Paco Park is a recreational garden which was once the city's municipal cemetery built by
2625-400: The National Capital Region has not changed since its formation in 1975 as a public corporation under Presidential Decree No. 824. They are composed of sixteen independent cities , classified as highly urbanized cities , and one independent municipality: Pateros . Unlike other administrative regions in the Philippines, Metro Manila is not composed of provinces . Instead, the region
2700-797: The National Parks and Development Committee (NPDC), while Fort Santiago is managed by the Intramuros Administration . A tripartite agreement between the Quezon City Government, the National Historical Institute and the NPDC transferred the management of Quezon Memorial National Park to the Quezon City Government. The region also has three protected areas , namely the Rizal Park, Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center and
2775-421: The Philippines to have it. The stadium has undergone a major renovation after it was designated as the venue for the men's football event of the 2019 Southeast Asian Games New individual seats are to be installed in the spectator area of the stadium outside the main grandstand. The renovation also includes the upgrading of its rubberized track oval. The renovation will be funded from the ₱842.5 million given by
2850-567: The Portuguese conquest of Melaka in 1511. In 1521, Raja Matanda, then still a young man, was known in maritime Southeast Asia as the son of the King of Luzon. He married a princess of Brunei and served as an admiral for his grandfather, the Sultan of Brunei, in an attack near Java in exchange for soldiers and a fleet of ships. On the way home, he met and had an encounter with a Castilian fleet. Some Luzonians in
2925-460: The Quezon City Government announced faster waiting intervals and expanded operating hours for its eight routes. In October 2024, eight electric low-floor buses were procured by the Quezon City government. Each bus has a seating capacity of 41 seats, wheelchair ramps , and onboard closed-circuit television cameras. Metro Manila Metropolitan Manila ( Filipino : Kalakhang Maynila ), commonly shortened to Metro Manila and formally
3000-891: The Tagalogs and the Kapampangans, and the Malay language was extensively used for foreign affairs as customary in much of Southeast Asia at the time. It was also well known by other Southeast Asian kingdoms such as Cebu, Brunei, Melaka, other Malay kingdoms, and Ternate, and may be known in East Asia as far as China and Japan. In the current territory of Metropolitan Manila, there were several lordships that were either sovereign or tributary such as Tondo ( Tundók ), Malate ( Maalát ), Navotas ( Nabútas ), Tambobong ( Tambúbong ), Taguig ( Tagiig ), Parañaque ( Palanyág ), Cainta ( Kay Intâ ), and Pateros. Shortly after Raja Matanda's birth, sometime around
3075-780: The capital city of the country, is the home to Malacañan Palace , the official residence and office of the President of the Philippines . The city is also the home to the Supreme Court of the Philippines . Other key national institutions based in Manila are the Court of Appeals , the Bangko Sentral ng Pilipinas , and the Departments of Budget and Management , Finance , Health , Justice , Labor and Employment and Public Works and Highways . Meanwhile,
Rizal Memorial Stadium - Misplaced Pages Continue
3150-423: The cities of Mandaluyong and Makati . The Coastal Lowland possesses resources for offshore fisheries and fishpond development, and various reclamation projects in the area are meant for mixed-use urban development. The Central or Guadalupe Plateau is the most adaptable to urban development activities not only because of its solid geographical foundations but also because of its existing infrastructure links with
3225-472: The cities of Manila and Quezon City, along with the municipalities of Caloocan , Makati , Mandaluyong , Parañaque , Pasay , and San Juan . Jorge Vargas was appointed as its first mayor. Mayors in the cities and municipalities included in the City of Greater Manila served as assistant mayors in their town. This was to ensure that Vargas, who was Quezon's principal lieutenant for administrative matters, would have
3300-509: The current territory of Metropolitan Manila, the towns of Caloocan , Las Piñas , Mariquina (now Marikina), Pasig , Parañaque , Malabon , Navotas , San Juan del Monte (now San Juan), San Pedro de Macati (now Makati), San Felipe Neri (now Mandaluyong), Muntinlupa and the Taguig - Pateros area were designated to Rizal, with Pasig being the provincial capital. On the other hand, Polo (now Valenzuela) remained in Bulacan . Manila in 1901
3375-510: The early 1500s while he was raja muda or heir apparent, his father, the King of Luzon, died, leaving his mother as Queen Regent of Luzon. By 1511, Luzonians had been carrying out large-scale trade at least within maritime Southeast Asia with some Luzonians being hired as officials in Melaka and some Luzonian merchants gaining royal favors in Brunei. It was in Melaka that Luzonians met the Portuguese before
3450-569: The evening, that drop-off further west in FCIE. Launched in March 2015, the Premium Point-to-Point (P2P) Bus Service , formerly known as Express Connect , is an express bus service connecting the suburbs to the central business districts and the international gateways . It initially operated between Quezon City and Makati , with a third route to SM Mall of Asia in Pasay . A third P2P service
3525-403: The existing demand of passengers". Furthermore, in anticipation of increased passenger volume due to the return of full onsite classes and onsite work, the LTFRB announced through LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 67 series of 2022 on August 19, 2022, the reopening of many pre-pandemic route franchises for public buses, jeepneys , and the UV Express . Based on this, the 39 existing bus routes under
3600-420: The first meeting of the MMDA Council of mayors in January 2015, he would push for the inclusion of the city to the MMDA . Senator Aquilino "Koko" Pimentel III filed Senate Bill No. 3029, which seeks to create San Pedro as a separate legislative district to commence in the next national and local elections if the bill was passed into law. In April 2022, Makati lost the territorial dispute with Taguig, which
3675-411: The heir apparent Prince Sulayman, and the Kingdom of the Spains and the Indies, under the command of field marshal Martin de Goiti who was aided by some foreign forces. This resulted in the arson and destruction of Manila. After destroying Manila, the Spanish set up a settlement to secure territory on the same site on the Luzon island for the Spanish ruler. Initially enclosed in wood, much later in stone,
3750-461: The loss of more than 100,000 lives in the battle of Manila in 1945. Most of the developments in Burnham's design were also destroyed. Later on, Quezon City was eventually declared as the national capital in 1948 and later expanded to the areas formerly under the jurisdiction of Caloocan, Marikina, and San Mateo, Rizal . On November 7, 1975, Metro Manila was formally established through Presidential Decree No. 824. The Metropolitan Manila Commission
3825-399: The need to sustain and provide integrated services to the growing population, the built-up area centered on Manila was formally recognized as a metropolitan area through Presidential Decree No. 824. A year later, Presidential Decree No. 879 established Metro Manila as an administrative region, retaining its earlier status as a metropolis, and was designated as Region IV, with the remainder of
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#17328521925283900-458: The northwestern side of the plateau. The area becomes narrower along the Pasig River . The Marikina Valley is a floodplain along the Marikina River and a delta along Laguna de Bay . Its elevation ranges from two meters (6 ft 7 in) on the Laguna de Bay side to 30 meters (98 ft) on its north side towards Montalban. It is surrounded by the Central Plateau and mountains of Rizal. It has fertile land suitable for crop cultivation while
3975-408: The objective of replacing Manila as the capital city of the Philippines. A design for Quezon City was completed. The establishment of Quezon City meant the abandonment of Burnham's design for Manila, with funds being diverted for the establishment of the new capital In 1942, during the World War II , President Manuel L. Quezon created the City of Greater Manila as an emergency measure, merging
4050-427: The prevalence of the placename during the rule of Raja Matanda, the old King of Luzon, who was born in the early 1500s. The earliest evidence of Hinduism and Sanskrit influence in maritime Southeast Asia is in Sanskrit inscriptions from the late 300s in eastern Kalimantan (or Borneo). This analysis of the placename is supported by many other nearby placenames in the Tagalog region with the prefix "may-". As for Luzon, what
4125-510: The principles of decentralization and devolution of power. This situation presents a challenge to the coordination of policy and service delivery across the multiple autonomous local government units and is thus the underlying dilemma of metropolitan governance in Metro Manila. The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) is the agency responsible for the delivery of public services in Metro Manila. Its services are limited to traffic management and garbage collection. Previously Metro Manila
4200-613: The rationalized bus routes program were modified to include 32 pre-pandemic bus routes and retain rationalized bus routes that "were found to be responsive to passenger demand". On September 29, 2022, an additional 20 bus route franchises were also approved through LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 74 series of 2022. On December 15, 2022, modifications were made to seven of the existing routes through LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 82 series of 2022, while six new routes were opened through LTFRB Memorandum Circular No. 83 series of 2022. Both changes were made effective on December 26, 2022. In June 2023,
4275-404: The rest of Luzon. It is mainly residential and includes the densely populated areas of Metro Manila such San Juan , Makati and Quezon City , as well as most parts of Caloocan and Mandaluyong . The ground elevation ranges from 20 to 40 meters (66 to 131 ft) and gradually becomes lower towards its western side, while ground elevation ranges from 70 to 100 meters (230 to 330 ft) towards
4350-428: The rest of the Philippines, Manila lies entirely within the tropics. Its proximity to the equator means that temperatures are hot year-round, rarely going below 15 °C or above 39 °C. Temperature extremes have ranged from 14.4 °C on January 11, 1914, to 38.8 °C on April 27, 2024. Humidity levels are usually very high all year round. Manila has a distinct dry season from December through April, and
4425-401: The return of onsite work and classes and high fuel prices . On April 28, 2023, the bus service was made permanent through Quezon City Ordinance No. SP-3184, series of 2023, or the "Q City Bus Ordinance", placing the program under the Quezon City Traffic and Transport Management Department. As of May 2023, over 12 million passengers have been served by the city's bus services. In June 2024,
4500-541: The second most populous and the most densely populated region in the Philippines, it ranks as the 9th most populous metropolitan area in Asia and the 6th most populous urban area in the world . The region is the center of culture (including arts and entertainment), economy , education and government of the Philippines . Designated as a global power city , the region exerts a significant impact on commerce, finance, media, art, fashion, research, technology, education, and entertainment, both locally and internationally. It
4575-401: The second riskiest capital city after Tokyo to live in according to Swiss Re . According to the Köppen climate classification , there are two climates in Metro Manila. Most of the region has a tropical wet and dry climate (Köppen climate classification Aw) while the northeastern part of the region that lies on the foothills of Sierra Madre has a tropical monsoon climate . Together with
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#17328521925284650-477: The stadium being full, many other individuals who availed of the said program ended up sleeping and gathering outside. List of bus routes in Metro Manila This list of bus routes in Metro Manila includes all commercially operated local bus routes in the Philippine capital region and surrounding area, as well as the contracted express bus service operated under the Premium Point-to-Point Bus Service branding. Bus services in Metro Manila are regulated by
4725-414: The structure of the Metropolitan Manila Commission and renamed it to the Metropolitan Manila Authority. Mayors in the metropolis chose from among themselves the chair of the agency. Later on, it was again reorganized in 1995 through Republic Act No. 7924, creating the present-day Metropolitan Manila Development Authority . The chairperson of the agency would be appointed by the President and should not have
4800-442: The then-newly formed region was designated as the seat of government . President Marcos was overthrown in a non-violent revolution along EDSA , which lasted four days in late February 1986. The popular uprising, now known as the People Power Revolution , made international headlines as "the revolution that surprised the world". In 1986, President Corazon Aquino laid down the Executive Order No. 392, reorganizing and changing
4875-436: The walled city of Manila and 23 other municipalities. Mariquina also served as the provincial capital from 1898 to 1899. However, despite almost the entirety of the territory being occupied by Philippine forces, the walled city of Manila was occupied by Spanish forces. During American rule, the province was dissolved and most of it was incorporated into the newly created province of Rizal on June 11, 1901, by Act No. 137. In
4950-467: The zoo each month. La Mesa Ecopark is a 33-hectare well-developed sanctuary around the La Mesa Watershed. It was established through a joint partnership between the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sewerage System , ABS-CBN , and the Quezon City Government. La Mesa Ecopark , along with the Ninoy Aquino Parks & Wildlife Center , are important nature reserves in the Philippines. The Las Piñas - Parañaque Critical Habitat and Ecotourism Area (LPPCHEA)
5025-596: Was also created to manage the region. On June 2, 1978, through Presidential Decree No. 1396, the metropolitan area was declared the National Capital Region of the Philippines. When Metro Manila was established, there were four cities, Manila , Quezon City , Caloocan , Pasay and the thirteen municipalities of Las Piñas , Makati , Malabon , Mandaluyong , Marikina , Muntinlupa , Navotas , Parañaque , Pasig , Pateros , San Juan , Taguig , and Valenzuela . At present, all but one of these municipalities have become independent chartered cities; only Pateros still remains as
5100-459: Was composed of Binondo , Ermita , Intramuros , Malate , Manila, Pandacan , Quiapo , Sampaloc , San Fernando de Dilao , San Miguel , San Nicolas , Santa Ana de Sapa , Santa Cruz , and Tondo . In the American rule, the American architect Daniel Burnham was commissioned to propose a Plan of Manila for the Philippine government. In 1939, during the Philippine Commonwealth , President Manuel L. Quezon established Quezon City with
5175-416: Was declared as a critical habitat by the Government of the Philippines in 2007 and was listed by the Ramsar Convention as a Wetland of International Importance in 2013. LPPCHEA is composed of the Freedom Island in Parañaque and the Long Island in Las Piñas that covers 175 hectares and features a mangrove forest of eight species, tidal mudflats , secluded ponds with fringing salt-tolerant vegetation,
5250-424: Was governed by a regional government authority, the Metro Manila Commission and was led by a governor . A bill was introduced in 2014 proposing the creation of a new governing body in Metro Manila to be known as the Metropolitan Manila Regional Administration (MMRA). Unlike the MMDA which is limited to being an administrative coordinating body, the proposed MMRA will have police and other typical municipal powers and
5325-432: Was initially via Alabang-Zapote Road, but was revised into via Ayala Avenue. Some buses terminate at One Ayala or Gil Puyat Avenue. Buses terminate at Eton Centris. Most buses still terminate at SM North EDSA Route 52 was initially via R-10 and Roxas Boulevard but was revised into via A. Bonifacio and Quezon Boulevard. Most buses terminate at Quiapo or Lawton. There are certain bus trips, particularly in
5400-729: Was introduced in April 2016 connecting Greenbelt in Makati and Alabang Town Center in Muntinlupa operated by RRCG Transport. Ortigas Center Robinsons Galleria (southbound pick-up) BGC Bus, a subsidiary of the Fort Bonifacio Development Corporation (FBDC) under Ayala Corporation , operates bus routes plying Bonifacio Global City , as well as the Makati Central Business District . In 2021, under
5475-536: Was laid out at the oval for the country's initial hosting of the 1981 Southeast Asian Games, the venue became a hub for athletics and the football pitch's condition slowly deteriorated. It eventually became unsuitable for international matches which meant the Philippine national team would have to play their home games at an alternate venue. In 2010, the Philippine Sports Commission (PSC) partnered with
5550-517: Was ruled with finality a year later in April 2023. Ten barangays, including the Embo barangays, were thus transferred to Taguig . Metro Manila is located in the southwestern portion of Luzon . The region lies along the flat alluvial lands extending from the mouth of the Pasig River in the west to the higher rugged lands of Marikina Valley in the east. The region is geographically divided into 4 zones:
5625-520: Was the first international football game held at the stadium in the decades, where the Philippine national team won 4-0 overall. However, the pitch (which was a natural grass) deteriorated again due to the number of football and rugby events, that led the PSC to convert it into an artificial turf in 2014. In 2015, its football pitch received the 2-star accreditation from FIFA , making it the first football pitch in
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