72-497: Riverdale is a suburb of Gisborne , in the Gisborne District of New Zealand's North Island . Riverdale covers 2.10 km (0.81 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 2,740 as of June 2024, with a population density of 1,305 people per km. Riverdale had a population of 2,646 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 468 people (21.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 1,008 people (61.5%) since
144-409: A waka taua with unusually high freeboard . A noticeable feature of a loaded waka taua was its very low freeboard of 400–500 mm, which made the vessel unseaworthy in all but good weather, despite the presence of one or two young men on board dedicated to bailing. The normal timber used, totara , is a lightweight native podocarp , which retains its natural oils even when cut down. This prevented
216-456: A blend of modern and traditional materials, incorporating features from ancient Melanesia , as well as Polynesia . Waka taua (in Māori , waka means "canoe" and taua means "army" or "war party") are large canoes manned by up to 80 paddlers and are up to 40 metres (130 ft) in length. Large waka, such as Ngā Toki Matawhaorua which are usually elaborately carved and decorated, consist of
288-431: A combination, was set about one-third back from the bow. The raupō sail was much lighter. The mast and yard spars were small diameter, with the yard being thinner, about 5 metres (16 ft) high, long, and permanently attached to the sail so the rig was raised as a single unit. Loops were woven into both the luff and the leech of the sail for attachment to the spars. Tanekaha ( celery pine ) branches were favoured, as it
360-473: A large landmass or continent, before heading west. Young Nick's Head was thought to be the first piece of New Zealand land sighted by Cook's party, and so named because it was first observed by cabin boy Nicholas Young on 6 October 1769. On 9 October, Cook came ashore on the eastern bank of the Tūranganui River, accompanied by a party of men. Their arrival was marred by misunderstanding and resulted in
432-429: A main hull formed from a single hollowed-out log, along with a carved upright head and tailboard. The gunwale is raised in some by a continuous plank, which gives increased freeboard and prevents distortion of the main hull components when used in a rough seas. Sometimes the hull is further strengthened, as in the case of Te Winika , a 200-year-old design, by a batten or stringer running lengthwise both inside and outside
504-559: A remote part of the Tasman District and radiocarbon-dated to about 1400. The canoe was constructed in New Zealand, but was a sophisticated canoe, compatible with the style of other Polynesian voyaging canoes at that time. Since the 1970s, about eight large double-hulled canoes of about 20 metres have been constructed for oceanic voyaging to other parts of the Pacific . They are made of
576-460: A rural campus in Riverdale. It is used for EIT courses and community-run horticulture and gardening classes. Gisborne, New Zealand Gisborne is a city in northeastern New Zealand and the largest settlement in the Gisborne District (or Gisborne Region). It has a population of 38,800 (June 2024). Gisborne District Council has its headquarters in the central city. The Gisborne area
648-516: A sail that Tasman referred to as a Tingang sail —a small triangular sail often temporarily hoisted. Later, early Europeans from the 1830s onwards gave detailed descriptions of the use, appearance and materials used in Māori sails. Although there were regional variations within New Zealand, most sails were temporary and could be hoisted or struck in a few minutes. The roughly triangular sail, usually made from either flax, tī leaves or raupō ( bulrushes ) or
720-465: A sister port, and five friendly cities. Waka (canoe) Waka ( Māori: [ˈwaka] ) are Māori watercraft, usually canoes ranging in size from small, unornamented canoes ( waka tīwai ) used for fishing and river travel to large, decorated war canoes ( waka taua ) up to 40 metres (130 ft) long. The earliest remains of a canoe in New Zealand were found near the Anaweka estuary in
792-429: A stream or river, using multiple ropes made from raupō . Some men pulled the waka forward while others restrained it on downhill slopes. Accidents at this stage were apparently common. Saplings were used as skids and rollers over uneven ground. The final shaping was done closer to the papakainga to be nearer to food. A waka could take a year to make if the construction went smoothly, but it could be abandoned if there
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#1732855027370864-750: Is a motorcycle speedway venue, on Awapundi Road, adjacent to the Awapundi Links golf course. The track races various types of cars, including sidecars, midgets, saloons, stockcars, streetstocks, in addition to motorcycle speedway . The track has held important events, including qualifying rounds of the Speedway World Championship and the finals of the New Zealand Solo Championship . Gisborne City has four main high (secondary) schools: Gisborne Boys' High , Gisborne Girls' High , Lytton High and Campion College . Campion College
936-620: Is a Catholic co-educational school. Gisborne City was the setting of the 2014 drama film The Dark Horse , a biographical film starring Cliff Curtis about the late speed-chess champion, Genesis Potini . The film was shot in Gisborne and Auckland in the winter of 2013. In March 2016, Gisborne hosted the premiere of Mahana , a New Zealand film set in Patutahi and Manutuke, and based on Witi Ihimaera 's semi-autobiographical novel Bulibasha: King Of The Gypsies . Gisborne has four sister cities ,
1008-426: Is a hollowed and carved vessel used for storing of taonga (treasures) such as the prized tail feathers of the now extinct huia ( Heteralocha acutirostris ) that are worn as ornaments in the hair. In current Māori language usage, waka is used to refer to cars, (along with the transliterated term motokā ), waka-rere-rangi for aircraft and a waka hari hinu is an oil tanker – a waka niho (gear container)
1080-464: Is a year 1–6 coeducational state primary school with a roll of 133. The school was established in 1958. The school has hosted a regional chess tournament since 2006. Te Kura Kaupapa Māori o Nga Uri A Maui is a Year 1–15 Māori immersion school with a roll of 215. Sonrise Christian School is a Year 1–10 state integrated school with a roll of 134. All these schools are co-educational. Rolls are as of August 2024. The Eastern Institute of Technology has
1152-539: Is amongst the lowest proportions in the world. Go Bus is contracted to the council to run 30 services a day on 4 routes Monday to Friday under the Gizzy Bus brand. Gizzy Bus accepts Bee Card for fares, as well as cash. From 1913 to 1929, Gisborne had battery-powered trams . Since then, public transport has declined to about a fifth of the usage then. In 1930, the municipal buses travelled 6,631 mi (10,672 km), and carried 28,531 passengers in 2 weeks. In 2012/13
1224-553: Is believed unlikely to re-open for economic reasons. Prior to this, an isolated section of line operated from Gisborne to Moutohora – intended to be part of a line to Auckland via Rotorua, and later part of the East Coast Main Trunk Railway line. This connection was never completed, and the Moutohora Branch line closed in 1959. Rail passenger services were provided between Gisborne and Wellington until 1988, when
1296-525: Is flat towards the shoreline, but hilly and forested inland. Gisborne boasts a large stretch of coastline encompassing the Waikanae and Midway, Kaiti, Sponge Bay, Wainui and Makorori white sand beaches, which are popular for swimming and surfing. Sometimes referred to as the 'City of Rivers', Gisborne sits at the convergence of the Waimata, Taruheru and Tūranganui rivers. The Tūranganui, only 1.2 kilometres long,
1368-562: Is identical to that used in the Marquesan Islands. Although there are references to the use of the Society Island–type crescent-shaped sail in New Zealand, these appear to have been rare and no examples exist. From the arrival of James Cook in 1769 and especially Marion Du Fresne's longer stay in New Zealand in 1772, Māori were able to obtain iron and steel, which did not exist in pre-contact Māori culture. Māori quickly learned
1440-476: Is sheltered by high country to the west. Gisborne enjoys a temperate oceanic climate ( Cfb – Köppen climate classification ) with warm summers and cool winters, temperatures rarely drop below 0 °C (32 °F) and occasionally rise above 30 °C (86 °F) with a yearly average of 2,200 sunshine hours. The annual rainfall varies from about 1,000 mm (39 in) near the coast to over 2,500 mm (98 in) in higher inland country. According to
1512-408: Is the shortest river in New Zealand. Kaiti Hill ( Titirangi ), which sits directly above Cook's landing site, provides expansive views over the city and wider Poverty Bay. Many archaeological sites have been identified on Titirangi, including burial grounds, terraces , and middens . Titirangi Pā sits near the summit. In the wider area surrounding Gisborne are two arboreta , Eastwoodhill ,
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#17328550273701584-483: The 2006 census . There were 1,002 households, comprising 1,188 males and 1,458 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.81 males per female, with 381 people (14.4%) aged under 15 years, 357 (13.5%) aged 15 to 29, 927 (35.0%) aged 30 to 64, and 984 (37.2%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 79.0% European/ Pākehā , 27.4% Māori , 1.9% Pacific peoples , 2.8% Asian , and 1.2% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas
1656-654: The Endeavour express was cancelled north of Napier. Today, only the Gisborne City Vintage Railway operates limited heritage train rides out of Gisborne. Te Poho-o-Rawiri and Te Kuri a Tuatai marae are located in the city suburbs. The Lowe Street Museum was the first museum in Gisborne, located in the Lowe Street Municipal Offices. In 1955, the collection of Māori artefacts of William Lysner were put in his former residence, Lysner House, which
1728-960: The Land Wars : When the Waikato campaign started in 1863, the government forces made a point of sinking all the waka they could find on the Waikato River and its tributaries to slow rebel communication. Later, some fine examples of these were placed in the Auckland War Memorial Museum. Ocean-going waka, whatever their size, could be paddled, but achieved their best speeds when propelled by sail. The Polynesian settlers of New Zealand migrated to New Zealand in large waka; according to legend, some of these were possibly waka hourua , double-hulled vessels. The names and stories associated with those waka were passed on in oral history ( kōrero o mua ), but dates, names, times, and routes were frequently muddled as
1800-455: The NIWA dataset for 1981–2010 normals, Gisborne narrowly edged several other New Zealand cities to have the warmest summer maxima of official stations. Winters are slightly cooler than more northerly areas, rendering that over the course of the calendar year, Gisborne is not the warmest station in the country. Even summer mean temperatures are lower than in northerly areas, despite the highs, due to
1872-687: The Te Tairāwhiti Arts Festival is an annual event in the region with many events taking place in Gisborne. In rugby union Gisborne is home to Poverty Bay Rugby Football Union , who play in the Heartland Championship . The city is also home to several clubs who compete in the Poverty Bay competition – Horouta Sports Club, High School Old Boys (HSOB) Sports Club, Old Boys Marist (OBM) RFC, Pirates RFC, Waikohu Sports Club, and Young Māori Party (YMP) RFC. There are several other clubs in
1944-568: The Tūranganui River first on the waka Tākitimu after voyaging to the region from Hawaiki and that Pāoa, captain of the waka Horouta , followed later. An alternative legend recounts that Kiwa waited so long for the Horouta canoe to arrive that he called its final landing place Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (the long waiting place of Kiwa). A more popular version of events is that Horouta preceded Tākitimu. In 1931, Sir Āpirana Ngata stated that Horouta
2016-403: The toki was tied to the crossmember of the upper framework so that it could pivot back and forth, like a swing. Heavy rocks were tied to each side of the long axis at its lowest point to give momentum. The toki was pulled back and released so that the cutting edge bit into the wood that was weakened by fire. It could take two to three weeks to cut down a large tree in this manner. Once felled,
2088-456: The 1980s and 1990s, using high-tech canoes of Hawaiian or Tahitian design and with the ingenious support of work schemes , has become an increasingly popular sport among Māori, often performed as part of cultural festivals held in summer. Some waka, particularly in the Chatham Islands , were not conventional canoes, but were constructed from raupō ( bulrushes ) or flax stalks. In 2009,
2160-528: The German scientist Johann Reinhold Forster , who sailed with Cook in 1773, described waka fitted with outriggers (ama, amatiatia or korewa)". Already rare in Cook's time, waka ama had largely faded from memory by the early 19th century. However, the term waka ama occurs in old stories, such as the story of Māui published by Grey in 1854 and in a few old waiata ; Tregear also mentions the waka ama as "a possession of
2232-540: The Māori", adding that "It was beneath the outrigger of such a canoe that the famous Maui crushed his wife's brother Irawaru before turning him into a dog. Both the double canoe and the outrigger have entirely disappeared from among the Māoris, and it is doubtful if any native now alive has seen either of them in New Zealand". Two outrigger floats were found in swamps along the Horowhenua coast of Cook Strait , and another float
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2304-572: The National Arboretum of New Zealand at Ngatapa which spans over 130 hectares, and the smaller 50 hectare Hackfalls Arboretum at Tiniroto . Until Samoa and Tokelau's dateline shift in December 2011, Gisborne claimed to be the first city on Earth to see the sun rise each day. However, this is now only accurate in New Zealand's summer months. Sunrise in Gisborne ranges from 5:36 am in early December to 7:26 am in late June. The region
2376-661: The Okeanos Foundation for the Sea and Salthouse Boatbuilders built a fleet of vaka moana / waka hourua with fibreglass hulls. One of these, the Haunui , was gifted to the Te Toki Voyaging Trust in New Zealand. In April 2011 Te Puni Kokiri, The Māori Development Agency, announced a joint venture with an Auckland tribe to build a PVC plastic pavilion in the shape of a waka as a promotion for local Māori. The "Tupper waka", as it
2448-693: The Pacific Coast Highway network) begins at a junction west of Gisborne with SH 2 just before SH 2 crosses the Waipaoa River on its way south to Manutuke. SH 35 borders Gisborne Airport to the south and enters Gisborne city on the southwestern fringes. It makes its way through the city out to the east, and continues up the coast, connecting Gisborne to the East Cape . Public transport is poorly developed in Gisborne, with only 0.2% of trips made by bus in 2013/14. This compares with 2.3% nationally, which itself
2520-727: The Waipāoa River (Wai-o-Pāoa). During the 14th century, Māori tribes built fishing villages close to the sea and built pā on nearby hilltops. Gisborne's Kaiti Beach is the place where British navigator Captain James Cook made his first landing in New Zealand upon the Endeavour . Cook had earlier set off from Plymouth , England, in August 1768 on a mission bound for Tahiti . Once he had concluded his duties in Tahiti, Cook continued south to look for
2592-472: The attack on the ship's boat of Abel Tasman in Golden Bay in 1642 when a Māori catamaran rammed a cock boat and four Dutch sailors were killed. During the classic period (about 1500 to 1770) a hapū would select a tōtara tree and prepare it years ahead for felling. Tōtara is a lightweight wood with a high natural oil content that helps prevent rot. This would include the removal of bark from one side of
2664-465: The city buses carried about 78,000 passengers in 52 weeks, at a cost of about $ 120,000 a year, with about another $ 85,000 from fares. Gisborne is the northern terminus of the Palmerston North - Gisborne Line railway, which opened in 1942 and mothballed (track kept in place, but all services cancelled) in 2012. The permanent way has since suffered storm damage including bridge collapses and the line
2736-894: The city include High School Old Boys (HSOB) Cricket Club and OBR Cricket Club. In football , Gisborne Thistle AFC , Gisborne Marist AFC, Gisborne United AFC, Gisborne Bohemians FC, and Riverina AFC compete in competitions organised by the Central Football Federation. The now-defunct Gisborne City AFC won the Chatham Cup in 1987. Netball in Gisborne is organised by the Gisborne Netball Centre. Netball teams in Gisborne are often associated with rugby or football clubs. Clubs include Horouta, High School Old Girls (HSOG), Old Boys Marist (OBM), Young Māori Party (YMP), and Gisborne Thistle. Golf, basketball, rowing, hockey, tennis, and squash are also catered to. Awapundi Speedway
2808-438: The cooler nights. Despite this, yearly mean temperatures are still some way above average for New Zealand as a whole. The Gisborne urban area had a usual resident population of 34,527 at the 2018 New Zealand census , an increase of 3,294 people (10.5%) since the 2013 census , and an increase of 3,228 people (10.3%) since the 2006 census . There were 16,623 males and 17,907 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.93 males per female. Of
2880-511: The death and wounding of nine Māori over four days. It was also on the banks of the Tūranganui River that first the township of Turanga, then the city of Gisborne, grew as European traders and whalers began to settle in the river and port area. The landing site was commemorated by a monument in 1906, on the 137th anniversary of Cook's arrival. In 1964, the Gisborne committee of the New Zealand Historic Places Trust registered
2952-818: The descendants of the settlers multiplied and separated into iwi (tribes) and hapū (sub-tribes). Consequently, the word waka is used to denote a confederation of iwi descended from the people of one migratory canoe. In 1992, Hekenukumai Busby built Te Aurere , a waka hourua , using traditional methods and materials. It has since voyaged across the Pacific, to Hawaii , Tahiti , the Marquesas , New Caledonia and Norfolk Island , as well as repeatedly circumnavigating Te Ika-a-Māui using Polynesian navigation methods. Early European explorers saw Māori using waka ama ( outrigger canoes ). " Sydney Parkinson , an artist on Captain James Cook's first voyage to New Zealand in 1769, and
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3024-735: The domestic airport for the Gisborne District. Regular flights between Auckland and Wellington are serviced by Air New Zealand under the Link brand, while the smaller Air Napier provides services to Napier and Wairoa . For 25 years Sunair operated from Gisborne to Hamilton , Rotorua , Napier, Whakatāne , Tauranga , Palmerston North , Paraparaumu and Wellington but those services were suspended in 2022. In 2023 Sunair announced it would give Gisborne another chance with services from Hamilton and Tauranga. [REDACTED] State Highway 2 connects Gisborne to Tauranga via Ōpōtiki and Whakatāne to
3096-513: The first trading stations along the Tūranganui river and are attributed to the founding of the town. Over the next 30 years, many more European traders and missionaries migrated to the region. In 1868, the government bought 300 hectares of land for a town site. The town was laid out in 1870 and the name changed from Turanga to Gisborne , after the then colonial secretary, and to avoid confusion with Tauranga . In 1872, Gisborne's first public school
3168-460: The general public, according to the media briefing. The waka taua Te Tuhono in the National Museum of Scotland was restored and partially reconstructed by the Māori craftsman George Nuku, using carved poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) to recreate missing sections. The word "waka" is also used in broader senses that can be translated as "vessel", "container", or "vehicle". A waka huia
3240-502: The harbour is the home of many smaller fishing boats as well as ships loading logs for export. In February 2018, the first grants from the Provincial Growth Fund included $ 2.3 million for the Gisborne port. The city maintains a rural charm and is a popular holiday spot. Local industries include agriculture, horticulture, farming and forestry . Wine production is also valuable to the local economy. Gisborne Airport serves as
3312-412: The head of the tree and branches were removed, then the hull was roughly shaped in situ , using fire and hand adzes, under the guidance of the chief designer. A stone adze was used by relatively gentle, but regular and repeated blows. The head was soaked in water to make the binding swell and hold the stone blade more firmly. Once the shaping was complete, the log of 3–4 tonnes was pulled by teams of men to
3384-523: The hull just above the loaded waterline. The resurgence of Māori culture has seen an increase in the numbers of waka taua built, generally on behalf of a tribal group, for use on ceremonial occasions. Traditionally the war canoe was highly tapu (sacred). No cooked food was allowed in the craft and the waka had to be entered over the gunwales, not the bow or stern, which were highly decorated with powerful symbols. Canoes were often painted with black or white with black representing death. The main colour
3456-605: The land around the monument as a historic reserve, and in 1990 it was designated a National Historic Reserve and put under the care of the Department of Conservation . In 2019, a memorial was erected by Ngāti Oneone on Titirangi, a local hill, to honour Te Maro, who was one of the first casualties of the arrival of the ship Endeavour. Starting in the early 1830s, traders such as Captain John Harris and Captain George E. Read set up
3528-599: The making of a Maori canoe - records the 18 month long construction of a waka taua - the Taahere Tikitiki. The waka was commissioned by the Māori Queen, Te Arikinui Dame Te Atairangikaahu , and constructed at Tūrangawaewae Marae by master carver Piri Poutapu . The film, directed by David Sims , is a visual insight into the building of this cultural taonga. Tasman noted that two of the waka which attacked his ships in Golden Bay in today's Tasman District in December 1642, had
3600-608: The northwest, and to Napier and the rest of Hawke's Bay via Wairoa to the south. SH 2 travels towards Gisborne from the northwest from Te Karaka , a settlement 31 km northwest of Gisborne. SH 2 passes through Makaraka, a suburb on the outer fringes of Gisborne. It then crosses the Waipaoa River and makes its way south through Manutuke and Wharerata before it enters the Hawke's Bay Region towards Nūhaka , Wairoa, and eventually on to Napier. [REDACTED] State Highway 35 (part of
3672-419: The population could speak in one language only, 16.2% in two languages and 1.1% in three or more languages. The harbour was host to many ships in the past, and had developed as a river port to provide a more secure location for shipping compared with the open roadstead of Poverty Bay, which can be exposed to southerly swells. A meat works was sited beside the harbour and meat and wool were shipped from here. Now
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#17328550273703744-493: The region has been inhabited by the tribes of Te Whānau-a-Kai, Ngaariki Kaiputahi , Te Aitanga-a-Māhaki , Rongowhakaata , Ngāi Tāmanuhiri and Te Aitanga-a-Hauiti . They descend from the voyagers of the Te Ikaroa-a-Rauru, Horouta and Tākitimu waka . East Coast oral traditions offer differing versions of Gisborne's establishment by Māori . One legend recounts that in the 14th century the great navigator Kiwa landed at
3816-432: The sail angle led from the top of the yard directly to the sheet handler, although early British sailors were critical of the sheet being tied off. The sail was only used downwind, as the waka lacked a keel or centre-board to prevent leeway, therefore preventing windward sailing. Rarely, two sails of the same size, were used in larger waka. Due to its slim hull the waka could sail at considerable speed down wind. When struck,
3888-481: The sail was wrapped around the two spars and laid along the centre of the waka thwarts, between the paddlers. Sometimes a pattern was woven into the sail, using a different material. The only known example of a traditional waka sail is in the British Museum. Capsizes were not unknown, with the hull being tipped to get rid of water, then bailed out. This type of triangular sail, with straight mast and high angled sprit,
3960-603: The superiority of this material, especially for carving. Māori learnt to ask sailors to sharpen 8-inch-long (20 cm) ships' nails to a chisel point on a ship's wheel in exchange for fish. This period between 1779 and 1820 has been called the golden age of Māori wood carving. Much of the carving was confined to waka taua . During the middle 19th century, from 1835, the arrival of large numbers of European settlers and ships meant that ship's boats were far more commonly available and were increasingly used by Māori in preference to waka. In 1839 100 ships visited The Bay of Islands. This
4032-467: The timber opening up and splitting. Angela Ballara noted that they only put to sea when it was fine. One voyage across the stormy Cook Strait was delayed for a week while the travellers waited for fine weather. The missionary William Williams, son of Henry Williams, noted that the voyage of a waka taua was a leisurely affair due to the requirements of foraging for food and waiting for fine weather. The 1974 National Film Unit documentary - Taahere Tikitiki -
4104-578: The total population, 8,229 people (23.8%) were aged up to 15 years, 6,603 (19.1%) were 15 to 29, 14,184 (41.1%) were 30 to 64, and 5,511 (16.0%) were 65 or older. In terms of ethnicity, 58.8% of the population identified as European (Pākehā), 51.6% as Māori, 5.3% as Pacific peoples, 3.5% as Asian, and 1.3% as other ethnicities (totals add to more than 100% since people could identify with multiple ethnicities). Gisborne had an unemployment rate of 9.4% of people 15 years and over, compared to 7.4% nationally. The median annual income of all people 15 years and over
4176-429: The trunk and the clearing of the ground and the planting of food crops for workers. After chants and prayers, the tree would be felled by a combination of fires around the base and chopping with hand adzes . On an especially large tree with aerial roots a stage about 3 m high was built of wood. On this was built a framework on which was suspended a giant upside-down toki (axe), about 2.5 m long. The long axis of
4248-794: The wider Gisborne District . In rugby league , Gisborne Taraiwhiti have historically represented Gisborne in national competitions. Gisborne is currently represented in the National Competition by the Waicoa Bay Stallions . Gisborne is home to the Poverty Bay cricket team , who compete in the Hawke Cup . Poverty Bay is also a district association of the Northern Districts Cricket Association . First-class matches are sometimes held at Harry Barker Reserve . Clubs in
4320-402: Was $ 24,400, compared to $ 28,500 nationally. Of those, 41.9% earned under $ 20,000, compared to 38.2% nationally, while 19.6% earned over $ 50,000, compared to 26.7% nationally. Gisborne has the smallest percentage of the population born overseas at 9.7% compared to 25.2% for New Zealand as a whole. The highest of these are British, totalling 1,335 or 3.1% of the population. Furthermore, 73.0% of
4392-561: Was 10.3, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 39.1% had no religion, 49.9% were Christian , 1.6% had Māori religious beliefs , 0.7% were Hindu , 0.2% were Muslim , 0.2% were Buddhist and 1.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 303 (13.4%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 612 (27.0%) people had no formal qualifications. 294 people (13.0%) earned over $ 70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15
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#17328550273704464-452: Was a trend that the missionaries such as Marsden and Williams had noted had begun in the 1830s. The beamier, lighter, ship's boat was a better load carrier with more stability and was sometimes equipped with sails for windward sailing. Use of ship's boats became common, as many Māori worked on a wide variety of sealing, whaling and trading sailing vessels, both in New Zealand and in the Pacific. Few waka were used for movement of warriors during
4536-514: Was an accident or a death of an important person. Such abandoned, uncompleted waka have been found in post-contact times. Most large waka were built in several main interlocking sections and stitched together with flax rope. Small pegs were put into the holes, which swelled and sealed when wet. Tree gum could also seal the holes. A large finished waka weighed about three tonnes and could remain in use for many decades. All large waka had names and were objects of pride and admiration. The image above shows
4608-473: Was called in the media, was a small conference facility for well-off visitors during the world rugby competition held in New Zealand in September 2011. Most of the $ 2 million funding came from the government, but the tribe was contributing $ 100,000 and would retain ownership after the event. The graphic on television showed that it is largely a promotional device with seating, tables and a bar. It will not be open to
4680-437: Was common, as far south as Nelson. It was a straight, strong and flexible wood. An added advantage may have been that the wood bled red tannin, a colour strongly favoured by Māori. The head of the triangle sail was the shortest—about 2 metres (6.6 ft)—and often decorated with tufts of feathers that may have served as wind indicators. The mast was held in place by a forestay, a backstay and two side stays. The sheet to control
4752-533: Was found in Moncks Cave near Christchurch. All three floats were short, suggesting that Māori outriggers were small and used only in sheltered waters. The Māori words for the parts of the outrigger, such as ama and kiato , recorded in the early years of European settlement, suggest that Māori outrigger canoes were similar in form to those known from central Polynesia . Since the 1990s, waka ama racing, introduced from Pacific nations into New Zealand during
4824-493: Was known in Māori as Tūranganui-a-Kiwa (the "great standing place of Kiwa"), after Kiwa , who arrived on the waka Tākitimu , which landed at Gisborne. The original English language name for the settlement was Tūranga . It was renamed Gisborne in 1870, in honour of New Zealand Colonial Secretary William Gisborne , although he had no real connection with the area, to avoid confusion with Tauranga . The Gisborne region has been settled for over 700 years. For centuries,
4896-488: Was opened and its first newspaper, the Poverty Bay Standard was established. A town council was formed in 1877. Gisborne is on the east coast of New Zealand's North Island , in the southern part of the Gisborne District and on the north side of Poverty Bay . The Poverty Bay flats encompass Gisborne city as well as surrounding areas Mākaraka, Matawhero and Ormond, where vineyards and farms predominate. Gisborne
4968-612: Was red which stood for tapu. Sometimes a waka would be placed upright as a marker for a dead chief with the curved bottom of the hull carved. Māori told missionaries during the Musket Wars that battles between waka took place at sea with the aim being to ram an enemy's waka amidships at high speed. The ramming vessel would ride up over the gunwale and either force it under water or cause it to roll over. The enemies were either killed, left to drown or captured to be used in cannibal feasts or as slaves if they were female. This description matches
5040-531: Was sold to the city for a nominal sum. It is now known as the Tairāwhiti Museum. The Tairāwhiti Tamararo Regionals are an annual regional haka competition held in Gisborne in memory of Karaitiana Tamararo. Gisborne is host to Rhythm & Vines , an annual 3-day music festival held over the New Year at Waiohika Estate. In 2012 and 2013, Rhythm and Vines made skinny-dipping world record attempts. Since 2019
5112-427: Was that 837 (37.0%) people were employed full-time, 246 (10.9%) were part-time, and 42 (1.9%) were unemployed. Nelson Park is a sports ground, local park and dog walking area, located in Riverdale. Lytton High School is a Year 9–13 coeducational state secondary school with a roll of 587. The school includes Te Whare Whai Hua Teenage Parent Centre, a co-educational public school for teenage parents. Riverdale School
5184-463: Was the main canoe that brought the people to the East Coast and that Ngāti Porou always regarded Takitimu as "an unimportant canoe". Māori historian Rongowhakaata Halbert affirmed this account, stating that Paoa's crew on the Horouta were the first inhabitants of the East Coast after migrating from Ahuahu or Great Mercury Island . Paoa gave his name to various places across the region, most notably
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