85-687: The River Teise ( / ˈ t iː z / TEEZ , / ˈ t aɪ s / TYCE ) is a tributary of the River Medway in Kent , England . The source of the Teise is in Dunorlan Park in Tunbridge Wells . From there the river flows eastwards past Bayham Abbey and then through Lamberhurst . 2 miles (3.2 km) downstream of Lamberhurst the small River Bewl , on which is the reservoir Bewl Water , joins
170-517: A de profundis at the tomb of Erkenwald. Later in Hill's mayoralty of (1550) the high altar of St Paul's was removed overnight to be destroyed, an occurrence that provoked a fight in which a man was killed. Hill had ordered, unusually for the time, that St Barnabas's Day would not be kept as a public holiday ahead of these events. Three years later, by October 1553, "Alle the alteres and chappelles in alle Powlles churche" were taken down. In August 1553,
255-563: A building in Tudor Street showing the cathedral shrouded in smoke. Lisa Jardine of Queen Mary, University of London , has written: Wreathed in billowing smoke, amidst the chaos and destruction of war, the pale dome stands proud and glorious—indomitable. At the height of that air-raid, Sir Winston Churchill telephoned the Guildhall to insist that all fire-fighting resources be directed at St Paul's. The cathedral must be saved, he said, damage to
340-605: A cathedral, and suggests there was another one in the Roman period. Legends of St Lucius link St Peter upon Cornhill as the centre of the Roman Londinium Christian community. It stands upon the highest point in the area of old Londinium, and it was given pre-eminence in medieval procession on account of the legends. There is, however, no other reliable evidence and the location of the site on the Forum makes it difficult for it to fit
425-478: A layshaft. This wheel was an overshot wheel, 9 feet 2 inches (2.79 m) diameter and 9 feet 3 inches (2.82 m) wide, constructed of cast iron, carried on an 8 inches (200 mm) diameter cast iron axle which was unusually long, as it had to pass over the tail race of the other waterwheel. TQ 716 392 approx 51°07′34″N 0°27′12″E / 51.126248°N 0.453270°E / 51.126248; 0.453270 This mill stood on
510-400: A new river, to be given its own name, perhaps one already known to the people who live upon its banks. Conversely, explorers approaching a new land from the sea encounter its rivers at their mouths, where they name them on their charts, then, following a river upstream, encounter each tributary as a forking of the stream to the right and to the left, which then appear on their charts as such; or
595-623: A record of the natural character of the River Teise, as does the 4 km (2.5 mi) bifurcated section of the Greater Teise, which was left largely untouched. The Environment Agency measure water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at
680-516: A result of this action, Davies and Sapper George Cameron Wylie were each awarded the George Cross . Davies' George Cross and other medals are on display at the Imperial War Museum , London. One of the best known images of London during the war was a photograph of St Paul's taken on 29 December 1940 during the " Second Great Fire of London " by photographer Herbert Mason, from the roof of
765-400: A river or stream that branches off from and flows away from the main stream. Distributaries are most often found in river deltas . Right tributary , or right-bank tributary , and left tributary , or left-bank tributary , describe the orientation of the tributary relative to the flow of the main stem river. These terms are defined from the perspective of looking downstream, that is, facing
850-402: A sermon in response, claiming that the lightning strike was a judgement for the irreverent use of the cathedral building. Immediate steps were taken to repair the damage, with the citizens of London and the clergy offering money to support the rebuilding. However, the cost of repairing the building properly was too great for a country and city recovering from a trade depression. Instead, the roof
935-405: A small amount. On 12 September 1940 a time-delayed bomb that had struck the cathedral was successfully defused and removed by a bomb disposal detachment of Royal Engineers under the command of Temporary Lieutenant Robert Davies . Had this bomb detonated, it would have totally destroyed the cathedral; it left a 100-foot (30 m) crater when later remotely detonated in a secure location. As
SECTION 10
#17328474635731020-543: A stone bridge. The mill pool is also largely silted up, however immediately north of the pool lies the hammer floor displaying the clear relief of the original working layout. West of the site is a very large moat which originally held the iron keep. TQ 695 412 51°08′41″N 0°25′27″E / 51.144844°N 0.424227°E / 51.144844; 0.424227 An old site, the Furnace Pond remains today, having an area of some 30 acres (12 ha). The dam across
1105-446: Is a stream or river that flows into a larger stream ( main stem or "parent" ), river, or a lake . A tributary does not flow directly into a sea or ocean . Tributaries, and the main stem river into which they flow, drain the surrounding drainage basin of its surface water and groundwater , leading the water out into an ocean. The Irtysh is a chief tributary of the Ob river and
1190-411: Is also the longest tributary river in the world with a length of 4,248 km (2,640 mi). The Madeira River is the largest tributary river by volume in the world with an average discharge of 31,200 m /s (1.1 million cu ft/s). A confluence , where two or more bodies of water meet, usually refers to the joining of tributaries. The opposite to a tributary is a distributary ,
1275-460: Is said to have bestowed great cost on the fabric, and in later times he almost occupied the place of traditionary, founder: the veneration paid to him is second only to that which was rendered to St. Paul. Erkenwald would become a subject of the important High Medieval poem St Erkenwald . King Æthelred the Unready was buried in the cathedral on his death in 1016; the tomb is now lost. The cathedral
1360-678: Is the first non-organist to hold the post since the 12th century. An organ was commissioned from Bernard Smith in 1694. In 1862 the organ from the Panopticon of Science and Art (the Panopticon Organ) was installed in a gallery over the south transept door. The Grand Organ was completed in 1872, and the Panopticon Organ moved to the Victoria Rooms in Clifton in 1873. The Grand Organ
1445-763: The Cathedral Church of St Paul the Apostle , is an Anglican cathedral in London , England, the seat of the Bishop of London . The cathedral serves as the mother church of the Diocese of London . It is on Ludgate Hill at the highest point of the City of London . Its dedication in honour of Paul the Apostle dates back to the original church on this site, founded in AD 604. The present structure, which
1530-537: The Metropolitan Tabernacle . The cathedral survived the Blitz although struck by bombs on 10 October 1940 and 17 April 1941. The first strike destroyed the high altar, while the second strike on the north transept left a hole in the floor above the crypt. The latter bomb is believed to have detonated in the upper interior above the north transept and the force was sufficient to shift the entire dome laterally by
1615-459: The River Bewl are discussed in that article, other watermills on the tributaries were as below. TQ 607 376 51°06′54″N 0°17′49″E / 51.115034°N 0.296910°E / 51.115034; 0.296910 This corn mill stood on the site of an old furnace mill. The forge was working from 1557 to 1653 but disused in 1667. Benhall Mill was not marked on Budgeon's map of 1724. In 1803
1700-544: The East Saxons reverted to paganism. The fate of the first cathedral building is unknown. Christianity was restored among the East Saxons in the late seventh century and it is presumed that either the Anglo-Saxon cathedral was restored or a new building erected as the seat of bishops such as Cedd , Wine and Erkenwald , the last of whom was buried in the cathedral in 693. Earconwald was consecrated bishop of London in 675, and
1785-516: The Lord Protector's city palace, Somerset House . Crowds were drawn to the north-east corner of the churchyard, St Paul's Cross , where open-air preaching took place. In the Great Fire of London of 1666, Old St Paul's was gutted. While it might have been possible to reconstruct it, a decision was taken to build a new cathedral in a modern style. This course of action had been proposed even before
SECTION 20
#17328474635731870-471: The Teise. The Teise bifurcates 1 + 1 ⁄ 4 miles (2.0 km) south west of the village of Marden , passing either side of a low ridge. The Lesser Teise flows for about 4 miles (6.4 km) before joining the River Beult at Hunton . The Greater Teise, now carrying only minor quantities, flows for about 5 miles (8.0 km) to the River Medway at Twyford Bridge, upstream of Yalding , formerly
1955-666: The United Kingdom, after Liverpool Cathedral . Services held at St Paul's have included the funerals of Admiral Lord Nelson , the Duke of Wellington , Winston Churchill and Margaret Thatcher ; jubilee celebrations for Queen Victoria ; an inauguration service for the Metropolitan Hospital Sunday Fund ; peace services marking the end of the First and Second World Wars ; the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer ;
2040-620: The Winn Stream, just within the parish of Frant , Sussex. Once the property of Bayham Abbey , it was last worked commercially in the 1900s and was restored to working order in 1990. In 1851 the miller was Leonard Latter. The Arnold family were millers here before taking Branbridges Mill , East Peckham in 1890. The last recorded miller was John Ballard in 1905. The mill is open to visitors by appointment. TQ 727 357 51°05′40″N 0°28′02″E / 51.094471°N 0.467300°E / 51.094471; 0.467300 The site of this forge
2125-480: The advent of production in the Midlands with better availability of power, transport, labour and materials all but ended hopes of retaining industry in the area. Bedgebury furnace built new oast kilns in 1880 and again in 1912, for hops from the surrounding hop gardens. The oast kilns remain to this day. The original bloomery or hammer pond has now silted up but remains as a distinct flat flood plain which clearly defines
2210-618: The anti-capitalist activists would constitute violence in the name of the Church". The Dean of St Paul's , the Right Revd Graeme Knowles, then resigned too. The encampment was evicted at the end of February 2012, by court order and without violence, as a result of legal action by the City of London Corporation . On 10 October 2019, Safiyya Amira Shaikh , a Muslim convert , was arrested following an MI5 and Metropolitan Police investigation. In September 2019, she had taken photos of
2295-415: The approximately 20 acres (8.1 ha) that originally held the water reservoir. A very substantial long pond bay/dam runs north–south and can be seen clearly, nearly 130 metres (430 ft) long, 8 metres (26 ft 3 in) high and 20 metres (65 ft 7 in) wide. The sluice has long been dismantled, however the race is clearly visible to walkers using the bridleway that crosses the river Teise on
2380-510: The building was deteriorating. The English Reformation under Henry VIII and Edward VI (accelerated by the Chantries Acts ) led to the destruction of elements of the interior ornamentation and the chapels, shrines , and chantries . The Reformation would come to include the removal of the cathedral's collection of relics, which by the sixteenth century was understood to include: In October 1538, an image of St Erkenwald, probably from
2465-528: The cathedral by the suffragettes was attempted on 13 June 1914, however the bomb was again discovered before it could explode. This attempted bombing occurred two days after a bomb had exploded at Westminster Abbey , which damaged the Coronation Chair and caused a mass panic for the exits. Several other churches were bombed at this time, such as St Martin-in-the-Fields church in Trafalgar Square and
2550-505: The cathedral's interior. While trying to radicalise others using the Telegram messaging software , she planned to attack the cathedral and other targets such as a hotel and a train station using explosives . Shaikh pleaded guilty and was sentenced to life imprisonment . The size and location of St Paul's has made it an ideal setting for Christian services marking great national events. The opportunity for long processions culminating in
2635-556: The crossing. After the Fire, it was at first thought possible to retain a substantial part of the old cathedral, but ultimately the entire structure was demolished in the early 1670s. In July 1668 Dean William Sancroft wrote to Wren that he was charged by the Archbishop of Canterbury , in agreement with the Bishops of London and Oxford, to design a new cathedral that was "Handsome and noble to all
River Teise - Misplaced Pages Continue
2720-457: The dean and chapter were cited to appear before Queen Mary's commissioners. Some of the buildings in the St Paul's churchyard were sold as shops and rental properties, especially to printers and booksellers. In 1561 the spire was destroyed by a lightning strike, an event that Roman Catholic writers claimed was a sign of God's judgment on England's Protestant rulers. Bishop James Pilkington preached
2805-470: The dean, three residentiary canons (one of whom is, exceptionally, lay), one "additional member of chapter and canon non-residentiary" (ordained), and two lay canons. Each has a different responsibility in the running of the cathedral. As of October 2022: The Director of Music is Andrew Carwood . Carwood was appointed to succeed Malcolm Archer as Director of Music, taking up the post in September 2007. He
2890-421: The direction the water current of the main stem is going. In a navigational context, if one were floating on a raft or other vessel in the main stream, this would be the side the tributary enters from as one floats past; alternately, if one were floating down the tributary, the main stream meets it on the opposite bank of the tributary. This information may be used to avoid turbulent water by moving towards
2975-422: The door is £25 for adults (January 2024) but no charges are made to worshippers attending services, or for private prayer. The nearest London Underground station is St Paul's , which is 130 yards (120 m) away from St Paul's Cathedral. The location of Londinium 's original cathedral is unknown, but legend and medieval tradition claims it was St Peter upon Cornhill . St Paul is an unusual attribution for
3060-509: The dramatic approach up Ludgate Hill, the open area and steps at the west front, the great nave and the space under the dome are all well suited for ceremonial occasions. St Paul's can seat many more people than any other church in London, and in past centuries, the erection of temporary wooden galleries inside allowed for congregations exceeding 10,000. In 1935, the dean, Walter Matthews , wrote: No description in words can convey an adequate idea of
3145-520: The ends of it and to the reputation of the City and the nation". The design process took several years, but a design was finally settled and attached to a royal warrant, with the proviso that Wren was permitted to make any further changes that he deemed necessary. The result was the present St Paul's Cathedral, still the second largest church in Britain, with a dome proclaimed as the finest in the world. The building
3230-480: The fabric would sap the morale of the country. On 29 July 1981, the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer was held at the cathedral. The couple selected St Paul's over Westminster Abbey , the traditional site of royal weddings, because the cathedral offered more seating. Extensive copper, lead and slate renovation work was carried out on the Dome in 1996 by John B. Chambers. A 15-year restoration project—one of
3315-426: The fire. The task of designing a replacement structure was officially assigned to Sir Christopher Wren on 30 July 1669. He had previously been put in charge of the rebuilding of churches to replace those lost in the Great Fire. More than 50 city churches are attributable to Wren. Concurrent with designing St Paul's, Wren was engaged in the production of his five Tracts on Architecture. Wren had begun advising on
3400-581: The first bishop to the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of the East Saxons and their king, Sæberht . Sæberht's uncle and overlord, Æthelberht , king of Kent , built a church dedicated to St Paul in London, as the seat of the new bishop. It is assumed, although not proved, that this first Anglo-Saxon cathedral stood on the same site as the later medieval and the present cathedrals. On the death of Sæberht in about 616, his pagan sons expelled Mellitus from London, and
3485-405: The first-order tributary being typically the least in size. For example, a second-order tributary would be the result of two or more first-order tributaries combining to form the second-order tributary. Another method is to list tributaries from mouth to source, in the form of a tree structure , stored as a tree data structure . St. Paul%27s Cathedral St Paul's Cathedral , formally
River Teise - Misplaced Pages Continue
3570-550: The flow. The Greater Teise upstream of where the Lesser Teise bifurcates, and the section downstream of Marden to its confluence with the River Medway was also "improved". A number of weirs were built at the time of this work, and still exist today. They split the flows between channels and some are also gauging stations. Some of the former meanders of the Lesser Teise can still be seen within retained woodland areas. These provide
3655-430: The furnace was owned by Sir Thomas Waller, and leased to John Iden and Robert Pothill. The furnace was leased by Thomas Browne in 1604 and later by John Browne , who held the office of King's Gunfounder from 1615 to 1681. Some 200 men were employed at the furnace in 1613. The furnace was working to at least 1667 and in 1744 there was a boring mill run by one Harrison. Tributary A tributary , or an affluent ,
3740-451: The handedness is from the point of view of an observer facing upstream. For instance, Steer Creek has a left tributary which is called Right Fork Steer Creek. These naming conventions are reflective of the circumstances of a particular river's identification and charting: people living along the banks of a river, with a name known to them, may then float down the river in exploration, and each tributary joining it as they pass by appears as
3825-447: The high demand for iron for military and naval purposes, however by 1815 the furnace had all but died again, turning its work from smelt to casting; however its production was limited, as its location made transport costs high compared to furnaces in the Midlands and north-west Kent. A modified furnace continued in use at Bedgebury for some time for the firing of clay and bricks, produced by the various workshops at Cranbrook Pottery; however
3910-524: The house of the Lord." The first regular service was held on the following Sunday. Opinions of Wren's cathedral differed, with some loving it: "Without, within, below, above, the eye / Is filled with unrestrained delight", while others hated it: "There was an air of Popery about the gilded capitals, the heavy arches ... They were unfamiliar, un-English ...". St. Paul's was the target of two suffragette bombing attacks in 1913 and 1914 respectively. This
3995-591: The largest ever undertaken in the UK—was completed on 15 June 2011. In October 2011 an anti-capitalism Occupy London encampment was established in front of the cathedral, after failing to gain access to the London Stock Exchange at Paternoster Square nearby. The cathedral's finances were affected by the ensuing closure. It was claimed that the cathedral was losing revenue of £20,000 per day. Canon Chancellor Giles Fraser resigned, asserting his view that "evicting
4080-591: The launch of the Festival of Britain ; and the thanksgiving services for the Silver , Golden , Diamond , and Platinum Jubilees and the 80th and 90th birthdays of Queen Elizabeth II . St Paul's Cathedral is the central subject of much promotional material, as well as of images of the dome surrounded by the smoke and fire of the Blitz . The cathedral is a working church with hourly prayer and daily services. The tourist entry fee at
4165-440: The legendary stories. In 1995, a large fifth-century building on Tower Hill was excavated, and has been claimed as a Roman basilica, possibly a cathedral, although this is speculative. The Elizabethan antiquarian William Camden argued that a temple to the goddess Diana had stood during Roman times on the site occupied by the medieval St Paul's Cathedral. Wren reported that he had found no trace of any such temple during
4250-411: The majestic beauty of a solemn national religious ceremony in St Paul's. It is hard to believe that there is any other building in the world that is so well adapted to be the setting of such symbolical acts of communal worship. National events attended by the royal family, government ministers and officers of state include national services of thanksgiving , state funerals and a royal wedding . Some of
4335-436: The mill building and the later one set away from the mill. Both wheels were breastshot . Only the cast iron hub of this wheel remains, on a wooden axle of some 18 inches (460 mm)diameter. The wheel had eight wooden spokes per side. This breast shot wheel was 13 feet 9 inches (4.19 m) diameter by 6 feet (1.83 m) wide, with 48 floats mounted on a cast iron rim. This wheel drove three pairs of millstones by
SECTION 50
#17328474635734420-570: The mill by Charles Tattershall Dodd (1815–78) can be seen in Tunbridge Wells Museum & Art Gallery. TQ 642 366 51°06′20″N 0°20′41″E / 51.105619°N 0.344773°E / 51.105619; 0.344773 This forge was in operation in 1520, when it was leased by William Wybarne. It was still at work in 1667, the pond survives. TQ 6615 3596 51°05′54″N 0°22′24″E / 51.098352°N 0.373295°E / 51.098352; 0.373295 This furnace
4505-426: The miller was Richard Jones, followed by his son Stephen until c.1845, then Christopher and Henry Smith in partnership until 1870, then Henry alone until 1887. The mill may have continued to grind for Benhall Mill Farm after this date. The remains of the mill were demolished in 1964. TQ 618 349 51°05′26″N 0°18′41″E / 51.090463°N 0.311403°E / 51.090463; 0.311403 This forge
4590-406: The most notable examples are: St Paul's Cathedral is a busy church with four or five services every day, including Matins , Eucharist and Evening Prayer or Choral Evensong. In addition, the cathedral has many special services associated with the City of London, its corporation, guilds and institutions. The cathedral, as the largest church in London, also has a role in many state functions such as
4675-462: The opposite bank before approaching the confluence. An early tributary is a tributary that joins the main stem river closer to its source than its mouth, that is, before the river's midpoint ; a late tributary joins the main stem further downstream, closer to its mouth than to its source, that is, after the midpoint. In the United States, where tributaries sometimes have the same name as
4760-406: The parish boundary of Horsmonden and Goudhurst. It was first mentioned in 1683, possibly replacing a fulling mill . Owners include George Culvin in 1716, Thomas West in 1725 and Edward Blackwell in the 1730s and 1740s. The mill had closed by 1755. TQ 735 456 51°10′59″N 0°29′01″E / 51.183177°N 0.483485°E / 51.183177; 0.483485 Marden, or Pattenden Mill,
4845-425: The quantity and varieties of invertebrates , angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail. Water quality of the River Teise in 2019: The River Teise and its tributaries powered a number of watermills . From source to mouth they were:- This was a corn mill , driven by an overshot waterwheel . A painting of
4930-473: The repair of the Old St Paul's in 1661, five years before the fire in 1666. The proposed work included renovations to interior and exterior to complement the classical facade designed by Inigo Jones in 1630. Wren planned to replace the dilapidated tower with a dome, using the existing structure as a scaffold. He produced a drawing of the proposed dome which shows his idea that it should span nave and aisles at
5015-643: The river into which they feed, they are called forks . These are typically designated by compass direction. For example, the American River in California receives flow from its North, Middle, and South forks. The Chicago River 's North Branch has the East, West, and Middle Fork; the South Branch has its South Fork, and used to have a West Fork as well (now filled in). Forks are sometimes designated as right or left. Here,
5100-465: The second half of the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. It was let to John Dunnednoll in 1610 and in 1637 John Browne was working the forge - there was a dispute about the felling of wood for use at the iron works. George Browne was working the forge in 1657. The forge was disused by 1664, when it was then repaired, but unoccupied again in 1680. The furnace was recommissioned during the Peninsular War due to
5185-553: The service celebrating the Diamond Jubilee of Queen Elizabeth II. The cathedral is generally open daily to tourists and has a regular programme of organ recitals and other performances. The Bishop of London is Sarah Mullally , whose appointment was announced in December 2017 and whose enthronement took place in May 2018. The cathedral chapter is currently composed of seven individuals:
SECTION 60
#17328474635735270-530: The shrine, was delivered to the master of the king's jewels. Other images may have survived, at least for a time. More systematic iconoclasm happened in the reign of Edward VI: the Grey Friar's Chronicle reports that the rood and other images were destroyed in November 1547. In late 1549, at the height of the iconoclasm of the reformation, Sir Rowland Hill altered the route of his Lord Mayor's day procession and said
5355-421: The site of St Paul's Cross . The cathedral is one of the most famous and recognisable sights of London. Its dome, surrounded by the spires of Wren's City churches, has dominated the skyline for over 300 years. At 365 ft (111 m) high, it was the tallest building in London from 1710 to 1963. The dome is still one of the highest in the world. St Paul's is the second-largest church building in area in
5440-549: The site of a double ford over both the Medway and Teise rivers. The Beult flows through Yalding, then also joins the Medway about 6 furlongs (1.2 km) below Twyford Bridge. Like many other rivers in southern England the River Teise was subject to a Land Drainage Improvement Scheme during the 1950s. The River Lesser Teise was widened, straightened and deepened from Horsmonden to the River Beult confluence. Hence it now carries much of
5525-418: The smaller stream designated the little fork, the larger either retaining its name unmodified, or receives the designation big . Tributaries are sometimes listed starting with those nearest to the source of the river and ending with those nearest to the mouth of the river . The Strahler stream order examines the arrangement of tributaries in a hierarchy of first, second, third and higher orders, with
5610-416: The start of a sermon. A bomb was heard ticking and discovered as people were entering the cathedral. It was made out of potassium nitrate . Had it exploded, the bomb likely would have destroyed the historic bishop's throne and other parts of the cathedral. The remains of the device, which was made partly out of a mustard tin, are now on display at the City of London Police Museum . A second bombing of
5695-421: The statues on the roof added in the 1720s. In 1716 the total costs amounted to £1,095,556 (£207 million in 2023). On 2 December 1697, 31 years and 3 months after the Great Fire destroyed Old St Paul's, the new cathedral was consecrated for use. The Right Reverend Henry Compton , Bishop of London, preached the sermon. It was based on the text of Psalm 122 , "I was glad when they said unto me: Let us go into
5780-432: The streams are seen to diverge by the cardinal direction (north, south, east, or west) in which they proceed upstream, sometimes a third stream entering between two others is designated the middle fork; or the streams are distinguished by the relative height of one to the other, as one stream descending over a cataract into another becomes the upper fork, and the one it descends into, the lower ; or by relative volume:
5865-421: The valley is some 140 yards (130 m) in length. the head available being some 30 feet (9.14 m)'. This furnace was first mentioned in 1574, when the owner was Thomas Bartell or Brattle. In 1579 it was leased by Henry and Thomas Darrell to Thomas Dyke, with Brattle having an interest in the property. In 1588 the furnace was leased by William Ashburnham and sub-leased to Thomas Johnson, a gun-founder. In 1596
5950-453: The works to build the new cathedral after the Great Fire, and Camden's hypothesis is no longer accepted by modern archaeologists. There is evidence for Christianity in London during the Roman period, but no firm evidence for the location of churches or a cathedral. Bishop Restitutus is said to have represented London at the Council of Arles in 314 AD. A list of the 16 "archbishops" of London
6035-498: Was a corn mill on the Lesser Teise. It was a small timber-framed building of three storeys, clad in white painted weatherboarding. The mill was driven by an overshot waterwheel. It was run by the Hammond Family, firstly by William, who died in 1808. Then by his son William until his death in 1861. William Jr was followed by his son Henry, who died in 1892 and the mill then ceased working. It was demolished in 1912. The watermills on
6120-437: Was a corn mill; the building survives today converted to a dwelling, devoid of machinery except the sack hoist. It was marked on Bugden's map of 1795 and the surviving building dates from c.1812 TQ 708 372 51°06′31″N 0°26′27″E / 51.108518°N 0.440900°E / 51.108518; 0.440900 This corn mill has now been house converted. It latterly worked with two waterwheels. The original wheel against
6205-534: Was also owned by the Barham family. It was sold by Humphrey Lewknor to John Barham in 1521. It was leased by Christopher Darrell in 1573 and Thomas Saunders in 1610. The forge was last mentioned in 1642. The dam has been recorded as 120 metres (130 yd) long and 3 metres (9 ft 10 in) high. TQ 632 357 51°05′50″N 0°19′54″E / 51.097254°N 0.331741°E / 51.097254; 0.331741 ( Bartley Mill ) Bartley Mill stands on
6290-657: Was as part of the suffragette bombing and arson campaign between 1912 and 1914, in which suffragettes from the Women's Social and Political Union , as part of their campaign for women's suffrage , carried out a series of politically motivated bombings and arson nationwide. Churches were explicitly targeted by the suffragettes as they believed the Church of England was complicit in reinforcing opposition to women's suffrage. Between 1913 and 1914, 32 churches across Britain were attacked. The first attack on St. Paul's occurred on 8 May 1913, at
6375-429: Was built in 1548 by Alexander Collins. It was sold by Stephen Collins to Richard Filmer in 1584. In 1614 it was owned by Sir Edward Filmer and leased to Thomas Sanders and Thomas Ballard. The forge was bought by William Benge in 1694. The railings around St. Paul's Cathedral were cast here. TQ 661 361 51°06′00″N 0°22′24″E / 51.100016°N 0.373308°E / 51.100016; 0.373308 This
6460-481: Was built in 1695 by William Benge. In 1700 the owner was Samuel Gott. The furnace produced 200 tons of iron in 1717 and John Legas was working it in partnership with William Harrison. William Collins and George Matthews leased the furnace in 1782 but it ceased production c.1787. There was a boring mill marked on Budgen's map of 1795. TQ 6622 3617 51°06′01″N 0°22′28″E / 51.100218°N 0.374390°E / 51.100218; 0.374390 Hoadly Forge
6545-535: Was burnt, with much of the city, in a fire in 1087 , as recorded in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle . The fourth St Paul's, generally referred to as Old St Paul's , was begun by the Normans after the 1087 fire. A further fire in 1135 disrupted the work, and the new cathedral was not consecrated until 1240. During the period of construction, the style of architecture had changed from Romanesque to Gothic and this
6630-580: Was completed in 1710, is a Grade I listed building that was designed in the English Baroque style by Sir Christopher Wren . The cathedral's reconstruction was part of a major rebuilding programme initiated in the aftermath of the Great Fire of London . The earlier Gothic cathedral ( Old St Paul's Cathedral ), largely destroyed in the Great Fire, was a central focus for medieval and early modern London, including Paul's walk and St Paul's Churchyard , being
6715-591: Was destroyed by the construction of the Hawkhurst Branch . TQ 730 347 51°05′07″N 0°28′16″E / 51.085396°N 0.471101°E / 51.085396; 0.471101 The site of the Furnace floor is adjacent to the main farm Buildings at Furnace Farm. The Furnace lies just inside Cranbrook Parish. The only Furnace in the Parish, it was owned by Sir Alexander Culpeper in 1574 and let to Sir Richard Baker in
6800-460: Was exceeded in length only by the Abbey Church of Cluny and in the height of its spire only by Lincoln Cathedral and St. Mary's Church, Stralsund . Excavations by Francis Penrose in 1878 showed that it was 585 feet (178 m) long and 100 feet (30 m) wide (290 feet (88 m) across the transepts and crossing ). The spire was about 489 feet (149 m) in height. By the 16th century
6885-498: Was financed by a tax on coal, and was completed within its architect's lifetime with many of the major contractors engaged for the duration. The "topping out" of the cathedral (when the final stone was placed on the lantern) took place on 26 October 1708, performed by Wren's son Christopher Jr and the son of one of the masons. The cathedral was declared officially complete by Parliament on 25 December 1711 (Christmas Day). In fact, construction continued for several years after that, with
6970-542: Was recorded by Jocelyn of Furness in the 12th century, claiming London's Christian community was founded in the second century under the legendary King Lucius and his missionary saints Fagan , Deruvian , Elvanus and Medwin. None of that is considered credible by modern historians but, although the surviving text is problematic, either Bishop Restitutus or Adelphius at the 314 Council of Arles seems to have come from Londinium . Bede records that in AD 604 Augustine of Canterbury consecrated Mellitus as
7055-409: Was reflected in the pointed arches and larger windows of the upper parts and East End of the building. The Gothic ribbed vault was constructed, like that of York Minster , of wood rather than stone, which affected the ultimate fate of the building. An enlargement programme commenced in 1256. This "New Work" was consecrated in 1300 but not complete until 1314. During the later Medieval period St Paul's
7140-591: Was repaired and a timber "roo"’ put on the steeple. In the 1630s a west front was added to the building by England's first classical architect, Inigo Jones . There was much defacing and mistreatment of the building by Parliamentarian forces during the Civil War , and the old documents and charters were dispersed and destroyed. During the Commonwealth , those churchyard buildings that were razed supplied ready-dressed building material for construction projects, such as
7225-619: Was sold by Humphrey Lewknor to John Barham in 1521. It remained in the Barhams' ownership until it was abandoned some time between 1629 and 1640. In 1574 Thomas Gresham leased the forge, and sub-leased it to John Carpenter. In 1610 it was leased to Thomas Saunders. There is evidence that the forge had an overshot waterwheel. The dam has been recorded as 65 metres (71 yd) long and 1.5 metres (4 ft 11 in) high. TQ 621 352 51°05′35″N 0°18′57″E / 51.093074°N 0.315818°E / 51.093074; 0.315818 This forge
#572427