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57-492: Rival Schools: United by Fate , known in Japan as Private Justice Academy: Legion of Heroes , is a 1997 3D fighting game produced by Capcom originally released as an arcade game on Sony ZN-2 hardware. Rival Schools revolves around tag team battles between groups of students from various schools in a Japanese city, and uses a comical and humorous style. Sakura Kasugano from Capcom's Street Fighter series also appears as

114-667: A webcomic . Following the appearance of Sakura Kasugano in the first game, Capcom has established the Rival Schools series as taking place within the same world as its Street Fighter series, with characters from Rival Schools appearing in various Street Fighter media. Hinata, Natsu and Shoma all featured prominently in the Street Fighter Legends: Sakura comic series, while Hinata and Tiffany make cameo appearances in Street Fighter V . On August 16, 2021, Akira

171-495: A 3D model is formed from points called vertices that define the shape and form polygons . A polygon is an area formed from at least three vertices (a triangle). A polygon of n points is an n-gon. The overall integrity of the model and its suitability to use in animation depend on the structure of the polygons. Before rendering into an image, objects must be laid out in a 3D scene . This defines spatial relationships between objects, including location and size . Animation refers to

228-425: A 60fps polygon-based fighting game. As Capcom 's earlier 3D fighting title Star Gladiator was already set to 30fps, because of things such as sword effects and backgrounds, the development team did not exceed the limitations of the arcade hardware. The game was originally called Justice Fist , and the initial story was that fighters from every country came together to decide who was the strongest. Itsuno wrote up

285-704: A character in the game. An updated and expanded two-disc version of the game was ported to the PlayStation in 1998 with minigames and visual novel content, known informally as '' Private Justice Academy: Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki . Two sequels were released next; the first was the Japan-exclusive Private Justice Academy: Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki 2 on the PlayStation, and the second was Burn! Justice Academy , known internationally as Project Justice and Rival Schools 2 , on

342-444: A few defensive techniques. The story of Rival Schools introduces the player to a Japanese city called Aoharu City, where several local schools are the victims of unknown attacks and kidnappings of students and staff. The various characters in the game set out to find who is responsible for the attacks on their school, with the cut-scenes and fights portraying their interactions with the other schools and among themselves. Eventually,

399-407: A great deal of open-world action RPGs over the years, [but never] one that really put everything together in the action parts. We figured that if there hasn't been a game made by people who understand how action works, then we ought to do it ourselves. We wanted a game where the player is thrown into the world and needs to figure out how to stay alive via nothing but his own controller". However,

456-525: A human face and a hand that had originally appeared in the 1971 experimental short A Computer Animated Hand , created by University of Utah students Edwin Catmull and Fred Parke . 3-D computer graphics software began appearing for home computers in the late 1970s. The earliest known example is 3D Art Graphics , a set of 3-D computer graphics effects, written by Kazumasa Mitazawa and released in June 1978 for

513-425: A linear fighting game with 60fps in mind". Driven to make a 60fps polygon-based fighting game, he conceived an original project with wide appeal—driven so partly by a more story-heavy approach and the inclusion of role-playing elements—which became Rival Schools: United By Fate . Most of Itsuno's output for the first nine years of his career was fighting games, both in 2D and 3D, as either director or designer. As

570-588: A production severely behind schedule with six months left on the deadline. Itsuno accomplished the request, but was dissatisfied with his level of involvement and the final product's quality. He didn't want Devil May Cry 2 to be his legacy within the series, so before development had wrapped, Itsuno asked his higher-ups for Devil May Cry 3 , with himself as director from the start of the project. He rallied Team Devil to stay for it; some members shared his sentiment, with many wanting to work with what they learned making Devil May Cry 2 . Gameplay elements such as

627-422: A project he entered halfway through to fulfill a desire: "at the time I wanted to make that kind of game with a large scale cabinet, because Capcom had never done anything like that before. That's why I joined the company". Due to visual effects and hardware constraints, that game runs at 30 frames per second , to Itsuno's chagrin: "At 30fps, I feel you can't have a real competitive fighting game, so I wanted to make

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684-559: A screen, Itsuno came up with the two-character team idea. The character artwork was all illustrated by Capcom staff artist Bengis. Street Fighter character Sakura was included as "insurance" due to worries of bad sales. A 54% complete version of Rival Schools was the most popular Capcom game at the September 1997 JAMMA show, drawing larger crowds than Street Fighter III: 2nd Impact . In Japan, Game Machine listed Rival Schools: United by Fate on their February 1, 1998 issue as being

741-698: A swimmer who studies at Gorin High School, as well as a new version of the Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki school sim mode, which features additional minigames and further plot developments over the original Japanese version of Shiritsu Justice Gakuen . This version too was later released on the PlayStation Network in Japan, in 2015. On release, Famitsu magazine scored Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki 2 a 30 out of 40. Project Justice ( Moero! Justice Gakuen in Japan),

798-608: A way to improve performance of the game engine or for stylistic and gameplay concerns. By contrast, games using 3D computer graphics without such restrictions are said to use true 3D. Hideaki Itsuno Hideaki Itsuno ( 伊津野 英昭 , Itsuno Hideaki ) is a Japanese video game director and designer . He was born in Osaka Japan, and formerly worked at Capcom . He has been a director and producer for several series at Capcom, including Rival Schools , Power Stone , Devil May Cry and Dragon's Dogma . Hideaki Itsuno

855-456: Is a mathematical representation of any three-dimensional object; a model is not technically a graphic until it is displayed. A model can be displayed visually as a two-dimensional image through a process called 3-D rendering , or it can be used in non-graphical computer simulations and calculations. With 3-D printing , models are rendered into an actual 3-D physical representation of themselves, with some limitations as to how accurately

912-426: Is a class of 3-D computer graphics software used to produce 3-D models. Individual programs of this class are called modeling applications or modelers. 3-D modeling starts by describing 3 display models : Drawing Points, Drawing Lines and Drawing triangles and other Polygonal patches. 3-D modelers allow users to create and alter models via their 3-D mesh . Users can add, subtract, stretch and otherwise change

969-412: Is one of the more enjoyable fighting games available, and hardcore players should give Rival Schools a try. They may be pleasantly surprised." After its initial arcade release, the game was ported to the PlayStation. The PlayStation version of the game came in two CDs. The first disc included the original arcade game and the standard modes included in most home versions of fighting games. Capcom enhanced

1026-441: Is something we're doing for people who really want to get into this world". Initially, Dragon's Dogma was intended to be a Western fantasy game. In March 2012, Itsuno said he hoped the game would sell 10 million copies worldwide and one million in Japan. It was successful upon release, prompting Capcom to begin development on a sequel. Itsuno reports that the team was only able to accomplish 60-70% of what they had wanted to in

1083-1076: Is usually performed using 3-D computer graphics software or a 3-D graphics API . Altering the scene into a suitable form for rendering also involves 3-D projection , which displays a three-dimensional image in two dimensions. Although 3-D modeling and CAD software may perform 3-D rendering as well (e.g., Autodesk 3ds Max or Blender ), exclusive 3-D rendering software also exists (e.g., OTOY's Octane Rendering Engine , Maxon's Redshift) 3-D computer graphics software produces computer-generated imagery (CGI) through 3-D modeling and 3-D rendering or produces 3-D models for analytical, scientific and industrial purposes. There are many varieties of files supporting 3-D graphics, for example, Wavefront .obj files and .x DirectX files. Each file type generally tends to have its own unique data structure. Each file format can be accessed through their respective applications, such as DirectX files, and Quake . Alternatively, files can be accessed through third-party standalone programs, or via manual decompilation. 3-D modeling software

1140-605: The Apple II . 3-D computer graphics production workflow falls into three basic phases: The model describes the process of forming the shape of an object. The two most common sources of 3D models are those that an artist or engineer originates on the computer with some kind of 3D modeling tool , and models scanned into a computer from real-world objects (Polygonal Modeling, Patch Modeling and NURBS Modeling are some popular tools used in 3D modeling). Models can also be produced procedurally or via physical simulation . Basically,

1197-656: The Dreamcast . The main fighting game is best described as a polygonal Marvel vs. Capcom game, with some notable differences. Control wise, the game imitates Star Gladiator ' s four button setup (two punches and two kicks, like the SNK game format). Setting wise the game borrows the school themed environment seen on the Asuka 120% series. A player chooses a team of two characters, and fights against another two character team. The actual fights, however, are one-on-one fights, with

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1254-431: The wire-frame model and 2-D computer raster graphics in the final rendered display. In computer graphics software, 2-D applications may use 3-D techniques to achieve effects such as lighting , and similarly, 3-D may use some 2-D rendering techniques. The objects in 3-D computer graphics are often referred to as 3-D models . Unlike the rendered image, a model's data is contained within a graphical data file. A 3-D model

1311-551: The Evolution Disc, featured several new games to complement the arcade original. This disc included several minigames based on some of the students' activities and the Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki mode, a character creation mode in the form of a dating sim . In this mode, a player would be able to create a student and go through a typical school year. Over this time, the custom character could develop friendships with any of

1368-504: The air, and that the actions of Nero 's Devil Bringer could not be done on contemporary generation consoles, necessitating a new generation of consoles such as the PlayStation 3 . Devil May Cry 4 (2008) was met with both commercial and critical success. The next game in the series, DmC: Devil May Cry , was developed by British developer Ninja Theory ; Itsuno was the supervising director on that project. When discussing this decision, Itsuno said: "With DmC this time, we wanted to avoid

1425-783: The character creation mode (rebranded as "School Life") as well, but later abandoned it, citing the amount of time it would take to translate it from Japanese to English. The rest of the extra modes featured in the Evolution Disc were still included in the overseas versions. On February 23, 2012, Capcom re-released the PlayStation port on the Japanese PlayStation Network . Capcom released a PlayStation-exclusive sequel in Japan titled Shiritsu Justice Gakuen: Nekketsu Seisyun Nikki 2 ( 私立ジャスティス学園 熱血青春日記2 , "Private Justice Academy: Hot-Blooded Youthful Diary 2") . The game featured two additional characters, Ran Hibiki , Taiyo High School's newspaper club photographer, and Nagare Namikawa ,

1482-480: The characters at the various schools, which allowed to give the custom character moves and reveal bits and pieces about the existing characters and their backgrounds. Once the custom character was finished with the school year, it could be used in any of the normal fighting modes, save for the original Arcade game. Capcom translated most of the games on the Evolution Disc for the English localization, and planned to include

1539-463: The comic was to be produced by Dreamwave Productions , but when Dreamwave showed signs of financial failure, the rights of the comic were sold to UDON, which had already produced the successful Street Fighter comic. The comic was not as successful as the same universe as the main Street Fighter series that is based. The comic was made available on August 31, 2007 in the U.S. and later released as

1596-480: The company, a project for a Street Fighter prequel was brewing; Itsuno's superior Noritaka Funamizu saw there was no designer attached, and asked him to take that role in December. Other members of that team came from the same background, all gathered so Street Fighter Alpha had a broader appeal and captured the audience drawn to SNK fighters. His first director job was on another fighter, Star Gladiator ,

1653-438: The design document and showed it to several co-workers but after a humble response he decided to base it on something people had an interest in and understood; he went with a school setting because he believed that everyone has had school experiences. Itsuno intended for the setting to be in a school where 40 characters fought to decide who would be the class representatives. After a programmer showed him three playable characters on

1710-465: The final form. Some graphic art software includes filters that can be applied to 2D vector graphics or 2D raster graphics on transparent layers. Visual artists may also copy or visualize 3D effects and manually render photo-realistic effects without the use of filters. Some video games use 2.5D graphics, involving restricted projections of three-dimensional environments, such as isometric graphics or virtual cameras with fixed angles , either as

1767-474: The first game, and hope to include those ideas in the sequel. Itsuno would return to direct the sequel Dragon's Dogma 2 , which released in 2024. In 2012, Itsuno hinted that the Rival Schools and Capcom vs. SNK series may see a revival. The former series was once again hinted in the next year alongside the possibility of a new Devil May Cry entry. Itsuno has also expressed interest in developing

Rival Schools: United by Fate - Misplaced Pages Continue

1824-435: The game was designed to allow players to take a less action-oriented approach, with Itsuno stating that they "[made] this game such that you can beat the monsters even if you build up EXP, collect good companions and/or pawns, and sit back and watch the battle unfold." He elaborated that while it is an action game, "that's not all that it is. You can fully configure your party and put as much thought as you like into battle, which

1881-411: The genre and the arcade market declined, he worked on console games of various genres, within both positions he'd been in before: One Piece Mansion , GioGio's Bizarre Adventure and Auto Modellista . After Itsuno had finished work on Capcom vs. SNK 2 , he started conceiving a role-playing video game . Since he appeared to be "idle", his boss ordered him to work on Devil May Cry 2 . Itsuno

1938-404: The mesh to their desire. Models can be viewed from a variety of angles, usually simultaneously. Models can be rotated and the view can be zoomed in and out. 3-D modelers can export their models to files , which can then be imported into other applications as long as the metadata are compatible. Many modelers allow importers and exporters to be plugged-in , so they can read and write data in

1995-539: The mid-level, or Autodesk Combustion , Digital Fusion , Shake at the high-end. Match moving software is commonly used to match live video with computer-generated video, keeping the two in sync as the camera moves. Use of real-time computer graphics engines to create a cinematic production is called machinima . Not all computer graphics that appear 3D are based on a wireframe model . 2D computer graphics with 3D photorealistic effects are often achieved without wire-frame modeling and are sometimes indistinguishable in

2052-402: The most-successful arcade game of the month. Next Generation reviewed the arcade version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "To be honest, Rival Schools is a button masher, but it's good, clean button mashing, packaged a little differently." Next Generation reviewed the PlayStation version of the game, rating it three stars out of five, and stated that "This

2109-402: The native formats of other applications. Most 3-D modelers contain a number of related features, such as ray tracers and other rendering alternatives and texture mapping facilities. Some also contain features that support or allow animation of models. Some may be able to generate full-motion video of a series of rendered scenes (i.e. animation ). Computer aided design software may employ

2166-497: The next round with the partner from the previous round, or to keep their main character in play. The 'vigor' meter (essentially a super meter) can go up to 9 levels, with Team Ups costing two levels and super moves from a single person costing one level of vigor. Much like the Marvel vs. Capcom games, launchers can be done that allow air combos to be performed, with all characters having universal low and high launchers. The game also has

2223-407: The original game with animated introduction and ending sequences, as well as adding voice-over to the story mode in single player. The conversion also added two new characters, Hayato Nekketsu (a hotheaded physical education teacher) and Daigo Kazama (a teenage gang leader and the elder brother of Akira, who was a non-playable supporting character in the arcade version). The second disc, named

2280-410: The partner only participating by being called in when a player has enough 'vigor' for a Team Up attack, done by pressing a punch and kick button of the same pressure. The Team Ups are some kind of double team attack by the character and partner, or (for most female characters' Team Ups) heal the main character or give them more vigor. After the end of a round, a player (win or lose) has a choice to fight

2337-494: The physical model can match the virtual model. William Fetter was credited with coining the term computer graphics in 1961 to describe his work at Boeing . An early example of interactive 3-D computer graphics was explored in 1963 by the Sketchpad program at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Lincoln Laboratory . One of the first displays of computer animation was Futureworld (1976), which included an animation of

Rival Schools: United by Fate - Misplaced Pages Continue

2394-429: The problem that befalls some series where you keep making it with the same team, same hardware, and it tends to decrease and fans move away from it... We don’t want the series to die." The development team included over ninety members, several of whom were from Capcom. Alex Jones and Motohide Eshiro acted as producers, aiming to help Ninja Theory make DmC play like the previous Devil May Cry games. Devil May Cry 5 ,

2451-589: The process, the team developed techniques that allow the feel of playing in 60fps on a 30fps game. Itsuno stated that his team had "come up to this point through our experience of action games. We're trying to make a new genre: We're using our action heritage and putting that into an action RPG." He cited the influence of Capcom's previous works (such as Breath of Fire , Resident Evil , Devil May Cry , and Monster Hunter ), other Eastern RPGs such as Dragon Quest , and Western RPGs such as Fable and Oblivion . Itsuno later explained that they had "seen

2508-628: The render engine how to treat light when it hits the surface. Textures are used to give the material color using a color or albedo map, or give the surface features using a bump map or normal map . It can be also used to deform the model itself using a displacement map . Rendering converts a model into an image either by simulating light transport to get photo-realistic images, or by applying an art style as in non-photorealistic rendering . The two basic operations in realistic rendering are transport (how much light gets from one place to another) and scattering (how surfaces interact with light). This step

2565-401: The result is two-dimensional, without visual depth . More often, 3-D graphics are being displayed on 3-D displays , like in virtual reality systems. 3-D graphics stand in contrast to 2-D computer graphics which typically use completely different methods and formats for creation and rendering. 3-D computer graphics rely on many of the same algorithms as 2-D computer vector graphics in

2622-432: The same fundamental 3-D modeling techniques that 3-D modeling software use but their goal differs. They are used in computer-aided engineering , computer-aided manufacturing , Finite element analysis , product lifecycle management , 3D printing and computer-aided architectural design . After producing a video, studios then edit or composite the video using programs such as Adobe Premiere Pro or Final Cut Pro at

2679-550: The single-player mode would instead play similar to other fighting games, with the player's chosen team fighting against random teams of opponents before facing the boss . In the arcade version, character selection is initially limited to selecting two characters from the same school and free selection of any character is accessed through time; the PlayStation version, which includes all characters unlocked by default, has no such restrictions. Rival Schools: United by Fate entered development when director Hideaki Itsuno wanted to make

2736-419: The size of environments and the game's battle engine were reconsidered, and common criticisms such as decreases to Dante's cockiness and the game's difficulty were brought back in line with the first game. These changes were met with praise and the game was very well-received. Itsuno returned to direct Devil May Cry 4 . He stated that the visual design sought to deliver a satisfying sensation of floating in

2793-408: The story reveals that an elite school in the city, Justice High, is responsible for the attacks. The player's team eventually faces off against Raizo Imawano , the principal of the school, and first boss of the game. If certain requirements are met during the fight against Raizo, the story would continue as the player would then head into a true final boss fight against Hyo Imawano , Raizo's nephew and

2850-405: The temporal description of an object (i.e., how it moves and deforms over time. Popular methods include keyframing , inverse kinematics , and motion-capture ). These techniques are often used in combination. As with animation, physical simulation also specifies motion. Materials and textures are properties that the render engine uses to render the model. One can give the model materials to tell

2907-463: The true mastermind behind the events of the game. The structure of the single player game of Rival Schools varied depending on how characters were selected. If two characters from the same school were selected (with a few exceptions), single-player would play in a progressing story with fights predetermined beforehand and each fight preceding and ending with short 2D cut-scenes to explain the story. If two characters from different schools were chosen,

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2964-481: Was a fighting game fan who was hired by Capcom in 1994; his entrance exam happened the same day as the Super Street Fighter II Turbo location test. He went for it over other companies because it would be an easy commute. There, he was assigned work as a designer on their arcade division (which by 1997 had been reorganized as Production Studio 1), starting with two quiz games. In that first year at

3021-477: Was added as a playable character to Street Fighter V as part of its 5th season of downloadable content, becoming the first playable Rival Schools character in a Street Fighter game, with her brother, Daigo as her assist; Edge and Gan make cameo appearances in her accompanying stage. 3D computer graphics 3-D computer graphics, contrary to what the name suggests, are most often displayed on two-dimensional displays. Unlike 3D film and similar techniques,

3078-421: Was asked to "reorganize the project" in a supplementary role, which effectively meant taking over leadership, as upper management saw it as director-less. In exchange, he would go uncredited, but ended up the only director listed in the final version of the game. Most of Team Devil (the staff on that title) had not worked on Devil May Cry and lacked experience in 3D action-adventure games, which resulted in

3135-497: Was never released outside Japan due to localization issues. Since at least 2013, director Hideaki Itsuno has expressed an interest in continuing the Rival Schools series by developing a third installment. On August 31, 2024, Itsuno announced that he is leaving Capcom, meaning that a new Rival Schools likely not going to happen. A comic book based on Rival Schools was produced by UDON Studios, with its first issue published on May 17, 2006, with art by Corey Lewis . Originally,

3192-525: Was released in 2000 in Japan and 2001 in the United States and Europe for arcades and the Dreamcast . In comparison to Rival Schools , Project Justice featured teams of 3, adding three-person team-up attacks and the ability to interrupt and stop 2-person team-ups. Like the previous game, Project Justice included a character-creation mode that came in the form of a virtual board game. This creation mode also

3249-427: Was released in 2019. Itsuno later directed Dragon's Dogma . During the press conference at Capcom's Captivate event in 2011, he called it a game he had been dreaming of making since his school days, which could be finally realized due to technological advancements. At the time of the press conference, he had been directing a staff of 150 people at Capcom Japan for three years of concept and project development. In

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