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54-564: Richmond Fellowship is a charity and voluntary sector provider of mental health services in England , the United States and Hong Kong . Established in 1959, it serves over 9,000 people in England every year. The institution offers a range of support to people with mental health problems including supported accommodation, residential care, employment support and community based support, working with

108-589: A compulsory superannuation scheme was introduced in 1955. Within Korea, voluntary health insurance was made available in 1963 and mandated in 1976. Private insurance was only available to citizens employed by large corporate firms, while a separate insurance plans were provided to Civil Servants and military personnel . In Taiwan, the Kuomintang government in 1953 propagated a healthcare inclusive workers insurance programme. A separate insurance scheme for bureaucrats and

162-399: A government agency. Social services are connected with the concept of welfare and the welfare state , as countries with large welfare programs often provide a wide range of social services. Social services are employed to address the wide range of needs of a society. Prior to industrialisation, the provision of social services was largely confined to private organisations and charities, with

216-551: A large amount of social welfare legislation in this period. Mandatory sickness insurance was introduced in 1883, with workplace accident insurance enacted in 1884 alongside old age and invalidity schemes in 1889. Insurance laws of this kind were emulated in other European countries afterwards, with Sweden enacting voluntary sickness insurance in 1892, Denmark in 1892, Belgium in 1894, Switzerland in 1911, and Italy in 1886. Additionally, Belgium, France and Italy enacted legislation subsidising voluntary old-age insurance in this period. By

270-452: A large non-profit sector is sometimes seen as an indicator of a healthy economy in local and national financial measurements. With a growing number of non-profit organizations focused on social services , the environment , education , and other unmet needs throughout society, the nonprofit sector is increasingly central to the health and well-being of society. Peter Drucker suggests that the nonprofit sector provides an excellent outlet for

324-577: A nationwide fervor for social service. Founded in the United States in 1881, it was reorganized in 1905 to focus on military personnel. With this pivotal decision, the business of organizing charities quickly evolved into the business of social work. According to a recent study by Johns Hopkins University , the Netherlands has the largest third sector of 20 countries across Europe. Ireland's non-profit fundraised income formed 0.33% of Irish GDP , less than

378-472: A negative relationship between life expectancy and countries which's social service programs do not provide universal healthcare coverage. Additionally, the density of the provision of healthcare services by the government is positively associated with increases in life expectancy. Within the area of child welfare, social services aim to provide help to children and their families, while providing mechanisms to ensure they are able to live safe, stable lives with

432-652: A percentage of GDP in these states is 5.3%, which is significantly lower than that of Europe and North America. Within Asia, the significant development of social services first began in Japan after the conclusion of World War II . Due to rising levels of social inequality in the 1950s following the reformation of the Japanese economy , the incumbent Liberal Democratic Party legislated extensive health insurance laws in 1958 and pensions in 1959 to address societal upheaval. In Singapore,

486-503: A permanent home. In the United States, 3 million children are maltreated each year, with the overall economic costs of child maltreatment totalling up to US$ 80 billion annually. Social service programs cost the US$ 29 ;billion USD on child maltreatment prevention and child welfare services. According to researchers, social service programs are effective in reducing maltreatment and reducing overall economic costs to society, however

540-781: A significant impact upon the employment of single mothers . Following 1996 welfare reform in the US, employment rates among single mothers have increased considerably from 60% in 1994 to 72% in 1999. Social services, particularly education, are considered by UNICEF as an effective method through which to combat gender inequality. Social services such as education may be employed to overcome discrimination and challenge gender norms . Social services, notably educational programs and aid provided by organisations such as UNICEF, are also essential in providing women strategies and tools to prevent and respond to domestic and family violence . Other examples of social services which may help address this issue include

594-553: A similar policy soon after. There have been several findings which indicate that social services have a positive impact upon the quality of life of individuals. An OECD study in 2011 found that the countries with the highest ratings were Denmark, Norway, Sweden and Finland, while the lowest ratings were given by people from Estonia, Portugal and Hungary. Another study recorded by the Global Barometer of Happiness in 2011 found similar results. Both of these studies indicated that

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648-656: A variety of society's labor and skills. In 1976, Daniel Bell predicted that the third sector would become the predominant sector in society, as the knowledge class overcame the effects of the private sector. The first two decades of the 20th century were characterized by a public zeal for social reform and social justice known as the Progressive Era. The newly founded National Association of Societies for Organizing Charity had immediate influence during that era. Its extensive field work helped organize new societies and strengthen others. Smaller cities became well-organized, with

702-434: Is a factor now considered in the analysis of efficiency wage . More recent researchers such as Peter Frumkin (2005) have also supported the concept of considering "non-profit" and "voluntary" organizations together. Rob Macmillan observed that the nature of this sector is "a hugely contested domain", with issues raised over "whether there is a coherent 'sector' at all, and if so what it should be called". The presence of

756-493: Is a strong correlation between happiness and social services. Research indicates that welfare programs, which are included as a part of social services, have a considerable impact upon poverty rates in countries in which welfare expenditure accounts for over 20% of their GDP. However, the impact of social service programs on poverty varies depending on the service. One paper conducted within China indicates that social services in

810-428: Is achieved. These are classified under four categories: reproductive, maternal and children health services, infectious diseases , ' noncommunicable' diseases , and basic access to medical services . OECD data reveals that the provision of universal health coverage leads to significantly positive outcomes on society. This includes a positive correlation between life expectancy and the provision of health services and

864-815: Is assumed to comprise volunteers (unpaid) while the voluntary sector is considered to employ staff working for a social or community purpose: "hence the phrase 'voluntary and community sector' (VCS) [is used] to encompass the full range". In addition however, the not-for-personal-profit sector is also considered to include social firms (such as cooperatives and mutuals) and more recently governmental institutions (such as Housing Associations) that have been spun off from government, although still operating fundamentally as public service delivery organizations. These other types of institutions may be considered to be quasi-private or quasi-public sectors rather than stemming from direct community benefit motivations. The entry of nonprofit organizations into commercial activities (competing with

918-506: Is catered toward are: families, children, youths, elders, women, the sick, and the disabled. Social services consists of facilities and services such as: public education, welfare, infrastructure, mail, libraries, social work, food banks , universal health care , police, fire services , public transport and public housing. The term ‘social services’ is often substituted with other terms such as social welfare , social protection , social assistance, social care and social work, with many of

972-513: Is commonly called the "joint sector", and includes the industries run in partnership by the state and private Sector . In a wider sense the initial investment is made by the state and later the handling is done by the private sector. But here the private sector is responsible to the state when it comes to handling. In Israel, this sector is commonly called the "Third Sector", ( Hebrew : המגזר השלישי ) and generally refers to non-profit organizations (NPOs) and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) with

1026-657: The British government until 2010 had an Office of the Third Sector that defined the "third sector" as "the place between State and (the) private sector". The Conservative/Liberal Democrat Coalition Government renamed the department the Office for Civil Society. The term third sector has now been replaced in Government usage by the term Civil Society, or for a while under the Cameron government,

1080-471: The Internal Revenue Service in 2015. These reporting nonprofits identified $ 2.54 trillion in revenues and $ 5.79 trillion in assets in 2015. Over $ 400 billion in revenue comes through private support and fundraising . The U.S. nonprofit sector contributed an estimated $ 985.4 billion to the U.S. economy in 2015, composing 5.4 percent of the country's gross domestic product and employed 11 percent of

1134-512: The effectiveness of these programs are significantly reduced when they are not correctly implemented, or when these programs are not implemented together. The issues in which social services attempt at preventing for children include substance abuse, underemployment and unemployment, homelessness and criminal convictions . Social service programs within this area include family preservation, kinship care, foster and residential care. Empirical evidence suggests that social service programs have had

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1188-710: The Act set a limit of 48 working hours per week for children aged 9 to 13, and for children aged 13 to 18 it was set at 12 hours per day. The Act also was the first legislation requiring compulsory schooling within Britain. Another central development for the existence of social services was Switzerland's legislation of the Factory Act in 1877. The Factory Act introduced limitations on working hours , provided maternity benefits and provided workplace protections for children and young adults. In Germany, Otto von Bismarck also introduced

1242-478: The Japanese government also expanded social services for children and the elderly, providing increased support services, increasing funding to care facilities and organisations, and legislating new insurance programs. In the 1990s, Shanghai introduced a housing affordability program which was then later expanded to include all of China. In 2000, Hong Kong introduced a superannuation scheme policy, with China implementing

1296-535: The NHS and local authorities to deliver services. The current chief executive is Derek Caren. In June 2024, it was announced that the Richmond Fellowship had completed the merger of its operations with those of Humankind. In October, the charitable organization created in the merger was named Waythrough. Richmond Fellowship was founded in 1959. The aim of the service was reintegrating people with mental ill health into

1350-622: The National Suicide Prevention Alliance. Voluntary sector A variety of terms is in use to describe the non-governmental, not-for-profit sector, including "voluntary sector", "third sector", "community sector", and "nonprofit sector". In 1965, Richard Cornuelle coined the term "independent sector" and was one of the first scholars to point out the vast impact and unique mechanisms of this sector, but in some contexts, such as social care, this term includes businesses operating for profit. A formal economic theory of

1404-617: The Richmond Fellowship opened a halfway house in Morriston , New Jersey . In 1985, the organization expanded to Hong Kong . Throughout the 1990s, Richmond Fellowship grew and developed a widespread programme of mental health support including self contained flats, floating community support and 24-hour nursed care. It achieved Investors in People status in 1998. Continued growth saw Richmond Fellowship adapt its mission to ‘Making Recovery Reality’ in 2006 to reassert its core values and better represent

1458-644: The South and Northwest particular areas of focus. To permit membership of Canadian societies, the association changed its name in 1912 to the American Association of Societies for Organizing Charity. In 1917, it became the American Association for Organizing Charity. These agencies increasingly were providing direct service to individuals and families. Pauperism, child welfare, juvenile justice, sanitation, tuberculosis, and other health issues were emergent problems for new and existing agencies. The American Red Cross fueled

1512-512: The U.S. workforce in 2015. Each year, seven out of ten Americans donate to at least one charitable cause. Contributions are from two to 20 times higher in the U.S. than in other countries of comparable wealth and modernity. Social services Social services are a range of public services intended to provide support and assistance towards particular groups, which commonly include the disadvantaged . They may be provided by individuals, private and independent organizations, or administered by

1566-517: The UK and US, in 2016. In Sweden, the nonprofit sector is attributed with fostering a nationwide social change towards progressive economic, social and cultural policies, while in Italy the third sector is increasingly viewed as a primary employment source for the entire country. In the United States, approximately 10% of GDP is attributable to the third sector. Donating to private religious organizations remains

1620-453: The availability social services considerably increased in the region. In 1988 in Korea, health insurance was granted to self-employed rural workers , with coverage extended to urban-based self-employed workers in 1989. Additionally, a national pension program was initiated. Within Taiwan, an extensive national health insurance system was enacted in 1994 and implemented in 1995. During this period

1674-709: The community broadly, such as economic support for unemployed citizens, or they may be administered specifically considering the need of an individual – such as foster homes . Social services are provided through a variety of models. Some of these models include: Social services may be available to the entirety of the population, such as the police and fire services, or they may be available to only specific groups or sections of society. Some examples of social service recipients include elderly people, children and families, people with disabilities, including both physical and mental disabilities. These may extend to drug users, young offenders and refugees and asylum seekers depending on

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1728-493: The community despite long periods of time in hospital. In 1973, Princess Alexandra became a patron of Richmond Fellowship and the organisation became a registered housing association in 1976. Richmond Fellowship played a significant role in hospital re-provision during the 1980s, providing new homes in the community for people across England. At this time Richmond Fellowship expanded its services for people with mental health problems including work schemes and day centres. In 1975

1782-529: The country and its social service programs, as well as the presence of non-governmental organisations. The development of social services increased significantly in the last two decades of the nineteenth century in Europe. There are a number of factors that contributed to the development of social services in this period. These include: the impacts of industrialisation and urbanisation, the influence of Protestant thought regarding state responsibility for welfare, and

1836-501: The extent of its coverage also limited. Social services are now generally regarded globally as a 'necessary function' of society and a mechanism through which governments may address societal issues. The provision of social services by governments is linked to the belief of universal human rights , democratic principles , as well as religious and cultural values. The availability and coverage of social services varies significantly within societies. The main groups which social services

1890-482: The first group. In the final group, consisting of the Dominican Republic, El Salvador, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras and Nicaragua, social services programmes were implemented in the 1950s and 1960s, with the least coverage out of each group. With the exception of Nicaragua, social service programs are not available for unemployment insurance or family allowances. Average expenditure on social services programs in as

1944-420: The form of direct financial assistance does not have a positive impact on the reduction of poverty rates. The paper also stated that the provision of public services in the form of medical insurance, health services and hygiene protection have a 'significantly positive' impact upon the reduction of poverty. (threshold set at 40% of United States median household income) (1970–1997) The table below displays

1998-465: The growing influence of trade unions and the labour movement . In the nineteenth century, as countries industrialised further, the extent of social services in the form of labour schemes and compensation expanded. The expansion of social services began following Britain's legislation of the 1833 Factory Act . The legislation set limits on the minimum age of children working, preventing children younger than nine years of age from working. Additionally,

2052-541: The holistic range of support it offers to people with mental health problems. In October 2015 Richmond Fellowship joined a new national group of charities, Recovery Focus, which brought together organisations with strong individual services, innovative approaches, flexible local presence and a wide range of expertise from around England. The partnership is made up of mental health charities Richmond Fellowship, 2Care, Croftlands Trust and My Time along with substance misuse charities Aquarius and CAN. In April 2016, Helen Edwards

2106-413: The late 1910s and the 1920s. The notable schemes, which had been implemented by 1950, consisted of work injury insurance, pensions, and sickness and maternity insurance. The second group, consisting of Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Peru and Venezuela, implemented these social services in the 1940s. The extent to which these programs and laws were implemented were less extensive than

2160-421: The line between the two quite fine. These organizations generally fill a gap in the existing government or municipal service provision. Examples include United Hatzalah for emergency medical first response, Yad Sarah for free loan of medical equipment, Yad Eliezer for poverty relief efforts, Akim for assistance for the mentally handicapped, and SHALVA for children with special needs. The Cabinet Office of

2214-457: The military was also provided in Korea in this time. In 1968, Singapore increased its social services program to include public housing, and expanding this further in 1984 to include medical care. Within both Korea and Taiwan, by the 1980s the number of workers that were covered by labour insurance had not increased above 20%. Following domestic political upheaval within Asian countries in the 1980s,

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2268-500: The most important aspects of quality of life to people were health, education, welfare and the cost of living . Additionally, the countries with the perception of high-quality public services, specifically Finland, Sweden, Norway, Denmark and the Netherlands, scored the highest on levels of happiness. Conversely, Bulgaria, Romania, Lithuania and Italy, who scored low on levels of satisfaction of social services, had low levels of happiness, with some sociologists arguing this indicates there

2322-480: The most popular American cause, and all religious organizations are entirely privately funded because the government is limited from establishing or prohibiting a religion under the First Amendment . Although the voluntary, community, and not-for-personal-profit sectors are frequently taken to compose the "Third Sector", each of these sectors or sub-sectors have quite different characteristics. The community sector

2376-456: The police, welfare services, counselling, legal aid and healthcare. Social services have played a central role in the global response to the COVID-19 pandemic . Healthcare workers , public officials, teachers, social welfare officers and other public servants have provided critical services in containing the pandemic and ensuring society functions. The impact of the pandemic was compounded by

2430-415: The private sector) was identified in the 1980’s. There have also been concerns about the financial accountability of the nonprofit sector throughout Western society . There is also ongoing concern whether the nonprofit sector will unequally draw retiring workers from the private sector as the currently large baby boomers age. Development of the third sector, it is argued, is linked to the restructuring of

2484-532: The room have created with their left" rather than systemic change. Discourse on the "third sector" began in the 1970s in France as a result of the crisis in the welfare state . Many associations rely at least partly on government subsidies or other payments, it has been criticized at times by association heads (among some), as a way to control charities, some charities do refuse all government payments, while others try to rely partly on gov's aid. In India, this sector

2538-583: The shortage of social services globally, with the world requiring six million more nurses and midwives to achieve the goals set within the Sustainable Development Goals at the time of the outbreak. Social services, such as education, have been required to adapt to changing social conditions while still providing essential services. Social services have expanded worldwide through the introduction of economic stimulus packages, with governments globally committing US$ 130 Billion as of June 2020 to manage

2592-828: The term Big Society , which was devised by political advisers and which featured prominently in the Conservative Party's 2010 election campaign. Organisations leading and supporting the voluntary sector in the United Kingdom include the Association of Chief Executives of Voluntary Organisations (Acevo), the National Council for Voluntary Organisations , Northern Ireland Council for Voluntary Action , Scottish Council for Voluntary Organisations , and Wales Council for Voluntary Action . The U.S. nonprofit sector consisted of approximately 1.56 million organizations registered with

2646-462: The terms overlapping in characteristics and features. What is considered a ‘social service’ in a specific country is determined by its history, cultural norms , political system and economic status . The most central aspects of social services include education, health services , housing programs , and transport services. Social services can be both communal and individually based. This means that they may be implemented to provide assistance to

2700-515: The time the Netherlands introduced compulsory sickness insurance in 1913, all major European countries had introduced some form of insurance scheme. According to Carmelo Meso-Lago, social services and welfare systems within South America developed in three separate stages, with three groups of countries developing at different rates. The first group, consisting of Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Costa Rica and Uruguay, developed social insurance schemes in

2754-421: The voluntary, nonprofit sector and its role was developed by Burton Weisbrod in the 1970’s, and subsequent decade. It distinguishes its incentives and behaviors from that of the private and public sectors of the economy, and recognizes non-profit organizations as suppliers of public goods that are under-supplied by government. This enabled calculation of the value of voluntary labor in the United States, which

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2808-589: The welfare spending of countries as a percentage of their total GDP. The statistics are sourced from the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development . According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the provision of health services is a significant factor in ensuring that individuals are able to maintain their health and wellbeing. The WHO identifies 16 health services that must be provided by countries to ensure that universal health coverage

2862-459: The welfare state and further globalization of that process through neo-liberal strategies of the Washington consensus . In a 2013 New York Times op-ed and radio podcast, The Charitable-Industrial Complex , Peter Buffett uses the terms "philanthropic colonialism" and "conscience laundering", and describes his insights into "searching for answers with their right hand to problems that others in

2916-486: Was appointed the new group Chair of Recovery Focus, the group which brings together a coalition of mental health and substance use charities such as Richmond Fellowship and Aquarius [1] . Richmond Fellowship is an active member of Time to Change running awareness campaigns to tackle mental health stigma. Richmond Fellowship is also a supporter of the Mental Health Crisis Care Concordat and a member of

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