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37-756: Research Triangle Park ( RTP ) is the largest research park in the United States, occupying 7,000 acres (2,833 ha) in North Carolina and hosting more than 300 companies and 65,000 workers. It is owned and managed by the Research Triangle Foundation, a private non-profit organization. North Carolina's Research Triangle region is named for the facility, which sits within the geographic triangle formed by three nearby research universities: North Carolina State University , Duke University , and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill . The park

74-588: A Research Applications District in the Wake County portion, and a Scientific Research Park in the Durham County portion. As of October 2012, both zoning areas are in the process of being revised to allow higher density development. The zoning changes are coupled with legislative changes allowing for Urban Research Service Districts (URSD) within the Park, which can include a mix of retail and residential usages. The URSDs have

111-492: A nonprofit. The park is an unincorporated area , and state law prohibits municipalities from annexing areas within the park. Some local government functions are served by the Durham-Wake Counties Research and Production Service District, a special tax district created in 1986 that is conterminous with the park, wherein the property tax rate is limited to 10 cents per $ 100 valuation. The park has special zoning as

148-583: A number of shared resources, such as incubators, programs and collaboration activities, uninterruptible power supply , telecommunications hubs, reception and security , management offices, bank offices, convention center , parking , and internal transportation. Science parks also aim to bring together people who assist the developers of technology to bring their work to commercial fruition, for example, experts in intellectual property law . They can be attractive to university students who may interact with prospective employers and encourage students to remain in

185-509: A prominent percentage of consultancy firms, as well as technical service firms, including laboratories and quality control firms". The World Intellectual Property Organization defines Science technology parks as territories usually affiliated with a university or a research institution, which accommodate and foster the growth of companies based therein through technology transfer and open innovation . Some science parks include: IBM 1050 IBM 1050 Data Communications System

222-627: A result of land purchases and site work provided by the Research Triangle Foundation of North Carolina. The redevelopment plans also include exploring partnerships with regional transit groups. The hope of the Research Triangle Foundation is to broaden public transportation to and from the area. In 2019, the Research Triangle Foundation announced a re-brand of the site to "Hub RTP." The 100-acre site broke ground in September 2020 and will include 125,000 SF of office over retail, 1200 residential apartments, 16 acres of green space, at least one hotel, and 1M SF of

259-400: A science park must: "have access to qualified research and development personnel in the areas of knowledge in which the park has its identity; be able to market its high valued products and services; have the capability to provide marketing expertise and managerial skills to firms, particularly small and medium-sized enterprises , lacking such a resource; be inserted in a society that allows for

296-528: A university (or government and private research bodies) based on proximity, ownership, and/or governance. This is so that knowledge can be shared, innovation promoted, technology transferred , and research outcomes progressed to viable commercial products. Science parks are also often perceived as contributing to national economic development, stimulating the formation of new high-technology firms, attracting foreign investment and promoting exports. The world's first university research park, Stanford Research Park

333-447: Is a computer terminal subsystem to send data to and receive data from another 1050 subsystem or IBM computer in the IBM 1400 , IBM 7000 or System/360 series. It first became available in 1963 and was used widely during the 1960s. The 1052 Printer-Keyboard was also the basis for the 1052-7 console Printer-Keyboard used on small and medium S/360 processors. IBM 1050 Data Communications System

370-623: Is bounded by the cities of Raleigh , Durham , and Chapel Hill and the communities of Morrisville and Cary . Most of its territory lies within Durham County , with about one-quarter in Wake County . Research Triangle Park is one of the most prominent high-tech research and development parks in the United States . It was created in 1959 by state and local governments, nearby universities , and local business interests. Karl Robbins bought

407-443: Is inspired by a similar development called The Boxyard Tulsa, located in downtown Tulsa 's East Village district. Science park A science park (also called a "university research park ", "technology park", "technopark", "technopolis", "technopole", or a "science and technology park" [STP]) is defined as being a property-based development that accommodates and fosters the growth of tenant firms and that are affiliated with

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444-501: The Department of Health, Education, and Welfare announced new facilities in the park. The latter move was attributed to the efforts of Governor Terry Sanford , an ally of President John F. Kennedy . From then until the late 2000s, the park averaged six new companies and 1,800 new employees per year. IBM remained the largest employer at RTP for decades, with 11,000 workers at the site as of 2013. The RTP facility handled products including

481-543: The IBM 1050 terminal, Selectric typewriters, PC and accounting operations, and BladeCenter servers. In 1976, the three major area universities formed a consortium, the Triangle Universities Center for Advanced Studies (TUCASI), to develop joint research facilities and think tanks at RTP. This led to the foundation of the National Humanities Center , Microelectronics Center of North Carolina,

518-554: The North Carolina Biotechnology Center , and the National Institute for Statistical Sciences. In their article "The Growth of Research Triangle Park", Link and Scott posit that entrepreneurial culture and leadership contributed the most to its success as a cluster. Archie Davis promoted a culture of innovation and entrepreneurship by locating the park near universities, actively recruiting organizations (like

555-781: The 1980s, North Carolina State University , Raleigh lacked space. New possible sites included the state mental-health property and the Diocese of Raleigh property on 1,000 acres (4.0 km ) surrounding the Lake Raleigh Reservoir . The university's Centennial Campus was developed. Sandia Science and Technology Park , NASA Research Park at Ames and the East Tennessee Technology Park at Oak Ridge National Laboratory are examples of research parks that have been developed by or adjacent to US Federal government laboratories. Science and technology park (STP) activity across

592-562: The American Academy of Arts and Sciences), and used his vision to raise funding for the park. Davis strongly believed that profits could not be the only driver for creating the park and that the betterment of the community should be the key goal. "The love of this state … was the motivation for the Research Triangle idea," he said. "Research Triangle is a manifestation of what North Carolina is all about." Research Triangle Park remains

629-564: The European Union has approximately doubled over the last 11–12 years, driven by the growth of the longer standing parks and the emergence of new parks. There are now an estimated 366 STPs in the EU member states that manage about 28 million m2 of completed building floor space, hosting circa 40,000 organisations that employ approximately 750,000 people, mostly in high value added jobs. In the period from 2000 – 2012, total capital investment into EU STPs

666-455: The Park's 300 companies are housed in the Frontier campus. On October 1, 2015, former President and CEO of the Research Triangle Foundation, Bob Geolas, announced RTP's plans for a $ 50,000,000 redevelopment involving the formation of "Park Center." $ 20,000,000 will be allocated from Durham County, $ 10,000,000 from the Durham-Wake Counties Research and Production Service District, and $ 20,000,000 as

703-421: The area's strengths, and keep graduates in the state. The "Research Triangle" name is first known to have been used by Romeo Guest in 1953. Guest began advocating the project after unsuccessfully attempting to bring pharmaceutical giant Merck to Aberdeen, North Carolina in the early 1940s. The project was officially greenlit by Governor Luther Hodges in 1956, but the three universities were initially wary of

740-409: The backing of powerful, dynamic and stable economic actors, such as a funding agency, political institution or local university ; include in its management an active person of vision, with the power of decision and with the high and visible profile, who is perceived by relevant actors in society as embodying the interface between academia and industry , long-term plans and good management; and include

777-482: The days following. The complex held its grand opening on November 18, 2021, with several anchor tenants open for business. Initial tenants include restaurants, a brewery, a cocktail bar, a coffee shop, a beauty shop, a CBD vendor, and an escape room. The complex also features a dog park named the Barkyard RTP, pop-up yoga classes, live music, and both standalone and roof-mounted heaters in the outdoor pavilion. Boxyard RTP

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814-492: The exchange of thoughts in many fields including culture, science and the arts. Science parks are elements of the infrastructure of the global " knowledge economy ". They provide concentration that foster innovation and the development and commercialization of technology and where governments, universities and private companies may collaborate. The developers work in fields such as information technology , pharmaceuticals , science and engineering . Science parks may also offer

851-573: The first high rise office towers in RTP. In March 2019, RTF announced plans to construct Boxyard RTP , an 15,000-square-foot shipping container complex of retail, dining, and other amenities. The $ 9M project, which is set on 12 acres of the Frontier RTP campus, delayed its launch for a year because of the impacts of the pandemic and soft-launched in June 2021 with a few of the planned tenants opening for business in

888-460: The flow of knowledge and technology amongst universities, R&D institutions, companies and markets; it facilitates the creation and growth of innovation-based companies through incubation and spin-off processes; and provides other value-added services together with high quality space and facilities.". The Cabral-Dahab Science Park Management Paradigm , was first presented by Regis Cabral in ten points in 1990. According to this management paradigm,

925-459: The land where the park is now built. The park covers 7,000 acres (2,833 ha) and is situated in a pine forest with 22,500,000 square feet (2,090,318 m) of built space. The park is traversed by Interstate 40 , the Durham Freeway , and NC 540 . The park is home to more than 300 companies that employ 55,000 workers and an additional 10,000 contractors. IBM has long been among

962-978: The landlords of attractive and well specified office style buildings. Rather, they are complex organisations, often with multiple owners having objectives aligned with important elements of economic development public policy as well as an imperative to be financially self-sustaining in the longer term. The Association of University Research Parks ( AURP ), is a non-profit association consisting of university-affiliated science parks, almost entirely based in North America. It defines "university research and science parks" as "property-based ventures with certain characteristics, including master planned property and buildings designed primarily for private/public research and development facilities, high technology and science based companies and support services; contractual, formal or operational relationships with one or more science or research institutions of higher education; roles in promoting

999-437: The largest corporate tenants at RTP, with a four-building complex totaling 774,000 square feet. The park hosts one of GlaxoSmithKline 's largest R&D centers with about 5,000 employees. Cisco Systems ' campus in the park, with about 5,000 employees, is its second-largest location, after its Silicon Valley corporate headquarters. The National Institutes of Health has its National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences in

1036-815: The local area. Science parks may be designed to enhance the quality of life of the workers. For example, they might be built with sports facilities, restaurants, crèches or pleasant outdoor areas. Apart from tenants, science parks create jobs for the local community. Science parks are specific locations and differ from the wider area high-technology business districts in that they are more organized, planned, and managed. They differ from science centres in that they lead to commercialized products from research. They differ from industrial parks which focus on manufacturing and from business parks which focus on business office locations. Science parks are found worldwide. They are most common in developed countries . In North America there are over 170 science parks. For example, in

1073-416: The park and the city of Durham . In August 2017, Scott Levitan was named the foundation's new president and CEO, making him the 9th leader since the foundation was established. After World War II, North Carolina's economy was hurt as its agriculture, textile, and furniture industries lost market share. Academics at UNC, NCSU and Duke proposed a park to allow the universities to do research together, harness

1110-626: The power to levy taxes at the same rate as a neighboring city. The Research Triangle Foundation operates several subsidiaries within the park. These include: the Frontier RTP startup campus, Boxyard RTP, and Hub RTP. Frontier RTP first opened as a free coworking space in a single building in January 2015. Since its inception, the Foundation has expanded the Frontier RTP concept to three additional buildings, creating an affordable campus for growing tech, life science and nonprofit organizations; as of 2021, 100 of

1147-511: The project. Although RTP was initially envisioned as a for-profit business, its strategy shifted at the direction of Archibald "Archie" Davis, a former Wachovia Bank chairman, state senator, and president of the United States Chamber of Commerce , who shifted to a non-profit model to purchase the RTP site, and successfully raised $ 1.425 million in donations from North Carolinians. The surge in RTP's growth began in 1965, when IBM and

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1184-442: The protection of product or process secrets, via patents , security or any other means; be able to select or reject which firms enter the park". A science park should: "have a clear identity, quite often expressed symbolically, as the park's name choice, its logo or the management discourse; have a management with established or recognized expertise in financial matters, and which has presented long-term economic development plans; have

1221-425: The university's research and development through industry partnerships, assisting in the growth of new ventures and promoting economic development; roles in aiding the transfer of technology and business skills between university and industry teams and roles in promoting technology-led economic development for the community or region." The International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation ( IASP ),

1258-399: The worldwide network of science parks and areas of innovation, defines a science park as "an organisation managed by specialised professionals, whose main aim is to increase the wealth of its community by promoting the culture of innovation and the competitiveness of its associated businesses and knowledge-based institutions. To enable these goals to be met, a Science Park stimulates and manages

1295-469: Was circa €11.7 billion (central estimate). During the same period, STPs spent circa €3 billion on the professional business support and innovation services they either deliver or finance to assist both their tenants and other similar knowledge based businesses in their locality. Increasingly, the reasons why STPs are sound investments for public sector support are becoming better understood and articulated. The evidence base shows that better STPs are not simply

1332-597: Was first introduced in 1963. The printer used the same removable typing element and mechanism as the IBM Selectric typewriter . The 1050 system could include the following devices: Communication was done serially, half-duplex, at 75 or 150 bits per second. A modem, such as IBM Line Adapter, was needed for connection to a communication line. The IBM 1050 featured multipoint asynchronous communication (Start Stop protocol), and improved error checking (LRC and VRC), with speed up to 14.8 characters per second (134 baud), compared to

1369-592: Was launched in 1951 as a cooperative venture between Stanford University and the City of Palo Alto . Another early university research park was Research Triangle Park in North Carolina , which was launched in 1959. In 1969, Pierre Laffitte founded the Sophia Antipolis Science Park in France . Laffitte had travelled widely and developed a theory of "cross-fertilisation" where individuals could benefit mutually by

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