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56-529: The complex, opened in 1958, houses the storage and refining plant of Toronto-based Redpath Sugar . The complex consists of Building 1 (eight floors), a chimney stack, and Building 2 (five floors), which houses the sugar museum. The sugar processed at the plant originates in the Caribbean and Brazil , and is delivered by ships using the Saint Lawrence Seaway . Due to the limited shipping season, sugar cane

112-599: A bridge, due to concerns about increased vehicle and air traffic along the waterfront. Mayor David Miller canceled the plans for the bridge soon after winning office. However, in 2009, a revised plan to connect the Island to the mainland emerged when the Toronto Port Authority began preliminary work on a $ 38 million pedestrian tunnel under the Western Gap , which was completed and opened to pedestrian traffic in 2015. To

168-457: A chain of small natural islands, form the southern border of the Inner Harbour. Most of the islands are today parkland, with a handful of permanent inhabitants. The westernmost portion of the islands are dominated by the island airport . The island airport is linked to the mainland by a ferry at Bathurst Street . Controversy arose in 2003 when the port authority proposed replacing the ferry with

224-509: A five-minute walk of all residences, schools, childcare and recreation facilities. Site preparation activities and phase one infrastructure are currently underway in East Bayfront and West Don Lands. Waterfront Toronto launched the developer selection process for the East Bayfront in March 2008 and announced Urban Capital Property Group/Redquartz Developments as the first phase developer partner for

280-518: A new Film Studio sponsored by TEDCO. The southern portion of the Portlands was intended to be an outer harbour, but the demand for such a harbour never developed. Instead this area today is home to Cherry Beach , while the large breakwater known as the Leslie Street Spit is a popular park and birding area. East of the Portlands begins the well-known Beaches area of Toronto. This part of the city

336-572: A number of high end shops and restaurants. This area is also home to the Harbourfront Centre , a large cultural centre occupying 10 acres (40,000 m ) of former industrial land including an old power plant that is now a gallery. Some large industrial structures remain though most are shut down, most prominently the imposing Canada Malting Silos . Just to the north of the Gardiner is the former railway lands that have also seen rapid development in

392-608: A part of Rouge National Urban Park , a national park whose area includes the Rouge River , and its surrounding valleys. The park's waterfront area includes Rouge Pond, Rouge Beach, and the mouth of the Rouge River. The Rouge River forms the eastern end of Toronto's waterfront, as the river is used as the border between the City of Toronto and the neighbouring suburb to the east, Pickering . Two bridges connect Toronto's waterfront with Pickering,

448-463: A pedestrian bridge, and a railway bridge. Waterfront revitalization has been a hot topic of debate in Toronto for decades. In 1972, the federal government established the "Harbourfront Project" which converted part of the central waterfront from industrial uses to cultural, recreational and residential uses. Harbourfront Centre and Queen's Quay Terminal are legacies of that revitalization effort. In 1999,

504-496: A prominent Art Deco monument. The Scarborough portion of the waterfront is dominated by the Scarborough Bluffs , a series of cliffs that run along the lakeshore for 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) and standing at a height of 90 metres (300 ft) at its highest point. On the top of the cliffs are a number of suburban neighbourhoods such as Cliffside , Cliffcrest , Scarborough Village , Guildwood and West Hill . This area

560-452: A senior Conservative politician, were sent from Britain to restructure its Canadian subsidiary. In 1980, the Montreal plant was closed and production was shifted to Toronto. In 2007, the company became a subsidiary of American Sugar Refining (ASR Group) following the sale of Tate & Lyle's sugar division, and it was renamed as Redpath Sugar Ltd. at that time. The Redpath Sugar Refinery

616-513: A task force was established to develop recommendations and a business plan for revitalization. In 2001, following the recommendations of the task force, the federal, provincial and municipal governments established the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation (now known as Waterfront Toronto ), to lead and manage the renewal of Toronto's waterfront. The three levels of government committed $ 1.5 billion to launch

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672-538: A waterfront opened up to public uses, including recreation. The Don River, diverted into a channel is slated to become 'naturalized' with more natural river banks and a more natural appearance. Etobicoke Creek forms the western border of the city of Toronto dividing it with neighbouring Mississauga , and its portion of the Lake Ontario waterfront. The Etobicoke section of the lakeshore is mainly privately owned with parklands and public lands. The neighbourhoods north of

728-426: A wide promenade along the water and extensive green space. Bridges and WaveDecks rising from the boardwalk and spanning the ends of the slips will provide continuous public access to the lakeshore. Additionally, the southern half of Queens Quay will be turned into a pedestrian walkway. The proposal also emphasizes the need for stronger north–south connections between the harbour and the downtown core. The first phase

784-599: Is a Canadian sugar refining company that was established in 1854 and the first refining cane sugar in Montreal, Quebec. Headquartered in Toronto , Ontario (with an additional packaging plant in Belleville, Ontario ), the company is a subsidiary of the multinational American Sugar Refining . The business was founded in 1854 in Montreal , Quebec , by Scots-Quebecer entrepreneur John Redpath . Located on Saint Patrick Street on

840-443: Is a sugar storage, refining and museum complex in Toronto used by Redpath for sugar production. The refinery was founded in 1958 and has included a museum since 1979. The Redpath sugar label shown at right celebrated the company's 150th anniversary in 2004. The Redpath logo, which is derived from John Redpath's own script, is Canada's oldest continuously-used food product trademark. Toronto waterfront The Toronto waterfront

896-541: Is also home to large manicured properties such as Rosetta McClain Gardens and extensive grounds of the St. Augustine Seminary . The most prominent site along the creek juncture with the lakeshore is Bluffer's Park , a large park and marina built on fill below the bluffs. The bluffs end at the ravines of Highland Creek . East of Highland Creek is Port Union , named after a port facility that existed there from 1832 to 1873. The community

952-627: Is also the former site of Fort Rouillé , one of the first European settlements in the region. To the east of Exhibition Place begins a long stretch of former commercial and industrial areas that are rapidly being converted into some of Toronto's most expensive residences and condominiums. Historic commercial structures such as the Tip Top Tailors Building and the Queen's Quay Terminal have been turned into luxury condominiums with waterfront views. Associated with this Queens Quay has become home to

1008-468: Is named after the series of four connected beaches that lie along this section of the lakeshore. The western boundary of this region was once home to the Greenwood Raceway . The racetrack was demolished in the 1990s and a new residential neighbourhood was constructed in its stead. The eastern boundary is the R. C. Harris Water Treatment Plant , still the source of much of Toronto's water supply and also

1064-439: Is projected to take 25 to 30 years and an estimated $ 17 billion in public and private funds to complete. According to Waterfront Toronto's master plan, once fully developed, Toronto's waterfront will include 40,000 new residences (20% of which will be affordable housing), 40,000 new jobs, new transit infrastructure and 300 hectares (740 acres) of parks and public spaces. Waterfront Toronto's plans identify public accessibility to

1120-516: Is slated for development in the near future. Corus Quay is the first building to be built in the district as part of a public-private partnership led by TEDCO. It is expected that, in the next few years, thousands of new residences and millions of feet of commercial space will be built in this area. South of this, on two large projections separated by a ship canal, is the still-operating portion of Toronto Harbour which includes docking facilities for both freight and cruise ships. The Toronto Islands ,

1176-413: Is stockpiled each fall in facilities next to the processing plant. In 2006, the red illuminated "Redpath Sugar" sign that adorned the north side of the building was taken down and replaced with a sign (since removed) for Tate & Lyle , the owner at that time (Redpath is now owned by American Sugar Refining ). The Redpath signage on the west side of the building is still intact. The north-facing wall of

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1232-475: Is the lakeshore of Lake Ontario in the city of Toronto, Ontario , Canada. It spans 46 kilometres between the mouth of Etobicoke Creek in the west and the Rouge River in the east. Lake Ontario is a recent lake. As the last glaciation , the Laurentian glaciation receded, a number of proglacial lakes filled in basins adjacent to the glacier. One of those proglacial lakes was Lake Iroquois . Lake Iroquois

1288-502: The Canada and Dominion Sugar Company Limited . In 1959, a controlling interest in the company was acquired by Tate & Lyle , a British firm. In 1973, the company changed its name to Redpath Industries Limited . The Redpath Sugar Refinery was built on the Toronto waterfront in the late 1950s, at the time of the completion of the Saint Lawrence Seaway , and it is still in operation. Tate family member Saxon Tate and David Davis , later

1344-541: The Central Waterfront and Mimico Waterfront Park were completed in summer 2008. The first new neighborhoods to be developed by Waterfront Toronto are the East Bayfront and West Don Lands. These lands are now rezoned as mixed use developments. Based on plans developed in consultation with public stakeholders, these environmental communities will feature green roof tops, pedestrian-friendly streets, extensive parks and public spaces, affordable housing, public transit within

1400-535: The Humber to Jameson Avenue in the east is the Sunnyside area of waterfront parklands and recreational uses. Adjoining the waterfront to the north is the large High Park . The Swansea , Roncesvalles , and Parkdale older neighbourhoods are north of the waterfront in this area. East of Jameson Ave, the waterfront area is home to Exhibition Place with Ontario Place just to the south on three artificial islands. This area

1456-623: The Port, initiating a Ship Terminal and Ferry Service to Rochester , a container facility in the Port lands and plans to expand the usage of the Island Airport, although expanded use of the Island Airport is opposed by local residents and organizations, and puts it at odds with the current City of Toronto council. The 1972 Canadian election saw a further step in the conversion of the central waterfront away from industrial uses. The Federal Liberals promised to improve Toronto's waterfront, expropriating

1512-741: The Raw Sugar Shed features a whale mural by artist Wyland . Since 1979, Redpath has operated the Redpath Sugar Museum in the building, with exhibits about the refining of sugar and making of sugar products. The museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association , Canadian Heritage Information Network , and Virtual Museum of Canada . 43°38′33″N 79°22′14″W  /  43.642574°N 79.370459°W  / 43.642574; -79.370459 Redpath Sugar Redpath Sugar Ltd. ( French : Sucre Redpath Ltée )

1568-674: The West Don Lands in April 2008. The Toronto waterfront has seen at least 15 design charettes over the last 65 years, the most recent being the Innovative Design Competition for the Central Waterfront that took place in 2006. This charette was won by a team led by West 8 , a landscape architecture and urban design firm from Rotterdam , in joint venture with DTAH (du Toit Allsopp Hillier), a Toronto architecture, landscape architecture and urban design firm. The proposed design includes

1624-485: The area from Bathurst Street to York Street along the waterfront for the "Harbourfront" project. Some buildings, such as Queen's Quay Terminal and Harbourfront Centre were remodeled, and others such as Maple Leaf Mills Silos demolished and replaced by new structures. The areas south of Queens Quay have been changed mainly to cultural and recreational uses and the area north of Queens Quay has been redeveloped into condominium residential towers. West of Bathurst Street,

1680-629: The bank of the Lachine Canal , the sugar refinery complex was the first of its kind in Canada, using sugar cane imported from the British West Indies . Its construction was part of the economic boom that, during the 19th century, turned Montreal from a small town to (then) the largest city in Canada and the country's economic engine. In 1857, John Redpath's eldest son, Peter , became a partner; his brother-in-law, George Alexander Drummond , joined

1736-553: The company was reorganized as the Canada Sugar Refining Company Limited. George Drummond took over when Peter Redpath retired in 1888. Under his guidance, the company's success allowed for construction of a new six-storey plant built on the existing site, doubling production capacity. In 1930, the company merged with the Dominion Sugar Company Limited of Chatham, Ontario , and became known as

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1792-455: The drainage of the lake triggered the Upper Dryas climatic change. Some sources suggest the lake drained all the way to sea level and the lake became brackish . Since the last ice age , silt deposits, borne mostly from the erosion of the Scarborough Bluffs and the eluvial rivers to the east were swept by strong, natural Lake Ontario currents creating prominent fingers of land away from

1848-459: The east of Cherry Street and the Inner Harbour is another area that is partially industrial and partially abandoned known as the Port Lands . This area is home to the shuttered Hearn Generating Station and the newly opened Portlands Energy Centre . There are long-term plans to transform this area into a mix of commercial and residential developments, but no firm proposals have been developed, except

1904-547: The east of Sunnyside, the lands were originally military grounds, centred on Fort York . The Garrison lands became the Exhibition grounds and have been public ever since. To the east of the harbour area, parklands were built along the waterfront from Ashbridges Bay east to the eastern city border at Victoria Park. Further east, the Scarborough lands have been dominated by the Scarborough Bluffs and development could not proceed to

1960-513: The firm in 1861. Unable to compete with the giant low-cost producers in the United States , for the three years between 1876 and 1878, the company ceased operations. Following the tariff protections implemented under the National Policy by the government of John A. Macdonald , the company reopened in 1879, as did St. Lawrence Sugar , a new competitor established in Montreal. At that time,

2016-471: The lake are the former villages of Mimico , New Toronto and Long Branch , developed as suburbs of the original city. While in close proximity to the lake, these areas are also just to the south of the industrial belt surrounding the CNR rail line. Notable sights on this part of the waterfront include the lakeshore campus of Humber College , housed in a historic former asylum, and Humber Bay Park , and large park at

2072-465: The lakeshore in the current central waterfront area, including the Toronto Islands . The shore of Lake Ontario (at least within present-day Toronto Harbour ) is mostly landfill, extending a kilometre or more from the natural shoreline. Adding to the existing silt deposits, Ashbridges Bay was filled in and the Port Lands area (Cherry Street to Leslie Street) was created in the early 1900s. The bay

2128-616: The lands have been converted into a new residential area. The area between York Street and Jarvis Street along the water has remained in private ownership except for the Jack Layton Ferry Terminal . Residential condominiums and the large Harbour Castle hotel were built along the water and the Toronto Star built a new headquarters office building at Yonge Street. The Redpath Sugar Factory remains, and several industrial buildings have been converted into other uses. The area along

2184-433: The mouth of the Rouge River, negatively impacting the local environment. Remedial efforts began in 2001 to reverse the changes in the local environment, although the bridge and causeway remains. East of Port Union is West Rouge , Toronto's easternmost neighbourhood. The eastern terminus of Lawrence Avenue is situated near the southeast portion of West Rouge's waterfront. The easternmost portion of Toronto's waterfront forms

2240-698: The north of the waterfront now became too valuable to keep industrial and have been converted to other uses, starting with the CN Tower in the 1970s. The railway lands became the site of the SkyDome (now Rogers Centre ), the Toronto Convention Centre , office buildings and numerous condominium residential buildings. Tonnage to the Toronto Port has declined over the past 50 years, replaced by increases in other modes of transportation. The Toronto Harbour Commission

2296-448: The north side of Davenport Road . Casa Loma has a view of the harbour, four kilometres away, as it is on the height of the old shoreline. When the glacier retreated from the St. Lawrence Valley, the shoreline receded to a much shallower level than today's lake, as it takes time for land that had been under a heavy glacier to rebound. This lake was called Admiralty Lake . Some sources suggest

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2352-518: The original natural watercourse of the Don, which would bring it closer to the downtown core. The modern harbour area was mostly formed through landfill in the years around the First World War , to allow for deeper container vessel wharf access. The central waterfront functioned as an important industrial area for many years, providing shipping access to communities from Port Union in the east to Mimico in

2408-511: The outlet of Mimico Creek . Both these sites have marinas . More parkland along the lakeshore is being built with the goal to extend the waterfront route of Martin Goodman Trail as far west as Long Branch. The western border of the old city of Toronto (with Etobicoke) is marked by the Humber River . At the waterfront, this river is crossed by the prominent new Humber Bay Arch Bridge . From

2464-541: The recommendations were carried out, as had been the case during the previous 60 years. Toronto's bids for the 1996 and 2008 Summer Olympics saw plans for much of the new facilities to be located along the waterfront, with all three levels of government committed to spending a great deal of money if the games were won, but on both attempts Toronto lost its bid due to the lack of diversity in facilities either planned or in situ and, except for further commercial condominium development at Harbourfront offering grandiose views of

2520-630: The redevelopment initiative. Waterfront Toronto is overseen by a 13-member government appointed Board of Directors. Waterfront revitalization is concentrated on Toronto's central waterfront, an area that extends from Dowling Avenue in the west to Coxwell Avenue in the east. The revitalization of Toronto's waterfront is one of the largest urban redevelopment project currently underway in North America with 800 hectares (2,000 acres) of largely underutilized, derelict land located steps away from Canada's largest financial and cultural urban core. Full revitalization

2576-551: The water has been primarily owned by the Toronto Harbour Commission, and eventually transferred to the City's Economic Commission. In 1988, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney called another Royal Commission into the waterfront that was headed by former mayor David Crombie . It was reported in 1992 with a detailed, but expensive plan of environmentally sound development following on the heels of his 1982–86 Toronto Waterfront Regeneration Trust Commission report. Few, if any of

2632-530: The water, the waterfront was unchanged. The recent bid by Toronto for the World's Fair 2015 also planned to use waterfront sites to accommodate the fair, but this bid also failed. As of 2008, most of the lands to the east of Yonge Street, around and east of the Don River are slated for redevelopment directed by the Toronto Waterfront Revitalization Corporation. Plans are to build predominantly low-rise developments, with

2688-621: The waterfront and the development of parks and public spaces as major priorities. A variety of waterfront public space projects have already been completed by the organization including York and John Quay Promenades, improvements to Cherry Beach, the Western Beaches Watercourse, Marilyn Bell Park improvements and expansion of the Martin Goodman Trail from Marilyn Bell Park to Ontario Place and the completion of phase one Port Union Waterfront Park. The first phase on construction of

2744-593: The waterfront. In the 1950s, the Gardiner Expressway project, connecting suburbs to the west, substantially changed the western waterfront. As the Toronto area prospered and the downtown lands became more developed, industry began to move out of the central area seeking cheaper land in the suburbs. This left behind many heavily polluted sites (some of the main uses of the waterfront were oil and coal storage, waste disposal and incineration, and heavy manufacturing especially in Toronto harbour). The railway lands just to

2800-491: The west. Toronto expanded along the waterfront with new residential suburbs. West of the Humber River , outside the city limits, the waterfront has been mainly private lands fronting on the lake. East of the Humber River, within the city limits, the waterfront is under the control of the government. The Sunnyside lakefront from the Humber east to Jameson was filled in, creating new lands for recreational and park land uses. To

2856-527: The years since deindustrialization . This area is home to the Rogers Centre (SkyDome) and CN Tower , both of which are prominently visible from the waterfront. Between York and Yonge Streets is a cluster of large skyscrapers, many built in the 1970s in the first wave of redevelopment on the waterfront. This includes the Westin Harbour Castle Hotel and One Yonge Street . Also in this area

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2912-652: Was Captain John's Harbour Boat Restaurant , a permanently docked cruise ship that served as a restaurant popular with tourists (now closed, and the ship has been removed) and the Redpath Sugar Building which remains an industrial site. East of Yonge Street running to Cherry Street is a stretch of area known as the East Bayfront , centred on the Parliament Street slip. Currently a mix of warehouses and brownlands it

2968-578: Was centred on the Adams Creek which was the site of a local ship builder who worked for the local merchants in the area which also had a winter harbour up the mouth of the Rouge River Valley. The little harbour disappeared in the late 1870s with the arrival of the Grand Trunk Railway . The railway built a causeway , as part of a bridge project, filling in part of the river, irreversibly changing

3024-725: Was considerably deeper than Lake Ontario, as a lobe of the Laurentian glacier still filled the valley of what is now the St. Lawrence River . The southern boundary of Lake Iroquois was the Niagara escarpment. The lake flowed over the Niagara Escarpment east of Rochester, and flowed to the Atlantic Ocean down what is now the Mohawk River , to the Hudson River . The shoreline of Lake Iroquois can be observed in steep hills, such as that on

3080-564: Was eventually dissolved, its lands transferred to the City except for those specifically to be controlled by the successor Toronto Port Authority , which retained authority over transportation uses in the Port, including the Island Airport . The federal government created the authority along with others around Canada to manage ports in a more business-like fashion. Following its mandate, the Port Authority has made attempts to increase usage of

3136-543: Was filled in partly due to concerns about public health – locals had disposed of sewage, farm animal carcasses and household waste in the bay for years. During this period, the Don River , which used to flow into the bay to the south-west, was diverted (straightened) toward the harbour, first directly southward and later westward through the current configuration of the Keating Channel . Currently, there are proposals to restore

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