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68-541: MV Red Osprey is a Raptor Class vehicle and passenger ferry operated by Red Funnel on their route from Southampton to East Cowes on the Isle of Wight . She was built by Ferguson Shipbuilders in Port Glasgow . She first entered service in 1994, being bought new by Red Funnel along with her sister ship Red Falcon and as such, has operated the same regular route throughout her life. Between October and December 2003 she

136-458: A barge -hauler, Charlotte Dundas , for the Forth and Clyde Canal Company . It successfully hauled two 70-ton barges almost 20 mi (32 km) in 6 hours against a strong headwind on test in 1802. Enthusiasm was high, but some directors of the company were concerned about the banks of the canal being damaged by the wash from a powered vessel, and no more were ordered. While Charlotte Dundas

204-610: A boat with a pair of paddlewheels at each end turned by men operating compound cranks. The concept was improved by the Italian Roberto Valturio in 1463, who devised a boat with five sets, where the parallel cranks are all joined to a single power source by one connecting rod, an idea adopted by his compatriot Francesco di Giorgio . In 1539, Spanish engineer Blasco de Garay received the support of Charles V to build ships equipped with manually-powered side paddle wheels. From 1539 to 1543, Garay built and launched five ships,

272-546: A controlling interest in Cosens & Co Ltd , a rival pleasure steamer operator based in Weymouth . This enabled the combined company to coordinate their excursions and also gave Red Funnel access to the Cosens' marine engineering and ship repair facilities. Excursions came to end in 1966 but the engineering side continued until sold off in 1990 to a management buy-out. In 2001 the company

340-626: A double-hulled boat that was propelled on the Firth of Forth by men working a capstan that drove paddles on each side. One of the first functioning steamships , Palmipède , which was also the first paddle steamer, was built in France in 1774 by Marquis Claude de Jouffroy and his colleagues. The 13 m (42 ft 8 in) steamer with rotating paddles sailed on the Doubs River in June and July 1776. In 1783,

408-471: A frequent service to the Isle of Wight , but neither normally serve Southampton, Cowes or East Cowes . The origins of Red Funnel date back to 1820, when the Isle of Wight Royal Mail Steam Packet Company was established by Cowes interests to operate the first steamer service from there to Southampton . In 1826, the Isle of Wight Steam Packet Company was formed in Southampton, and by the following year

476-453: A full rig of sail for when winds were favorable, being unable to complete the voyage under power alone. In 1822, Charles Napier 's Aaron Manby , the world's first iron ship, made the first direct steam crossing from London to Paris and the first seagoing voyage by an iron ship. In 1838, Sirius , a fairly small steam packet built for the Cork to London route, became the first vessel to cross

544-448: A means of propulsion comes from the fourth– or fifth-century military treatise De Rebus Bellicis (chapter XVII), where the anonymous Roman author describes an ox-driven paddle-wheel warship: Animal power, directed by the resources on ingenuity, drives with ease and swiftness, wherever utility summons it, a warship suitable for naval combats, which, because of its enormous size, human frailty as it were prevented from being operated by

612-551: A new paddle steamer by de Jouffroy, Pyroscaphe , successfully steamed up the river Saône for 15 minutes before the engine failed. Bureaucracy and the French Revolution thwarted further progress by de Jouffroy. The next successful attempt at a paddle-driven steam ship was by Scottish engineer William Symington , who suggested steam power to Patrick Miller of Dalswinton . Experimental boats built in 1788 and 1789 worked successfully on Lochmaben Loch. In 1802, Symington built

680-665: A paddle-wheel ship from China is in the History of the Southern Dynasties , compiled in the 7th century but describing the naval ships of the Liu Song dynasty (420–479) used by admiral Wang Zhen'e in his campaign against the Qiang in 418 AD. The ancient Chinese mathematician and astronomer Zu Chongzhi (429–500) had a paddle-wheel ship built on the Xinting River (south of Nanjing ) known as

748-462: A rod and lever. The geometry is designed such that the paddles are kept almost vertical for the short duration that they are in the water. The use of a paddle wheel in navigation appears for the first time in the mechanical treatise of the Roman engineer Vitruvius ( De architectura , X 9.5–7), where he describes multigeared paddle wheels working as a ship odometer . The first mention of paddle wheels as

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816-494: A side,". The standard Chinese term "wheel ship" was used by the Song period, whereas a litany of colorful terms were used to describe it beforehand. In the 12th century, the Song government used paddle-wheel ships en masse to defeat opposing armies of pirates armed with their own paddle-wheel ships. At the Battle of Caishi in 1161, paddle-wheelers were also used with great success against

884-419: A simple paddle wheel, where the paddles are fixed around the periphery, power is lost due to churning of the water as the paddles enter and leave the water surface. Ideally, the paddles should remain vertical while under water. This ideal can be approximated by use of levers and linkages connected to a fixed eccentric. The eccentric is fixed slightly forward of the main wheel centre. It is coupled to each paddle by

952-541: A steam-powered desalinator created by Garay for a steam boiler. In 1705, Papin constructed a ship powered by hand-cranked paddles. An apocryphal story originating in 1851 by Louis Figuire held that this ship was steam-powered rather than hand-powered and that it was therefore the first steam-powered vehicle of any kind. The myth was refuted as early as 1880 by Ernst Gerland  [ de ] , though still it finds credulous expression in some contemporary scholarly work. In 1787, Patrick Miller of Dalswinton invented

1020-666: Is a ferry company that carries passengers , vehicles and freight on routes between the English mainland and the Isle of Wight . High-speed foot passenger catamarans , known as Red Jets , run between Southampton and Cowes , while vehicle ferries run between Southampton and East Cowes . It also runs the ferry between Southampton and Hythe . Red Funnel's main competitor is Wightlink whose services operate from Portsmouth to Fishbourne and Ryde , and from Lymington to Yarmouth . The other major Solent ferry company, Hovertravel , operates between Southsea and Ryde . Both provide

1088-426: Is a large steel framework wheel. The outer edge of the wheel is fitted with numerous, regularly spaced paddle blades (called floats or buckets). The bottom quarter or so of the wheel travels under water. An engine rotates the paddle wheel in the water to produce thrust , forward or backward as required. More advanced paddle-wheel designs feature "feathering" methods that keep each paddle blade closer to vertical while in

1156-685: The Admiralty . In 1868 the company took over the Cowes Floating Bridge Company and operated the floating bridge until 1901. In 1885 the company bought the New Southampton Steam Towing Company and operated tugs and tenders, later under the subsidiary Red Funnel Towage . In 2002 Red Funnel Towage was sold to the Adelaide Steamship Company , later passing to Svitzer Marine . In 1946 Red Funnel acquired

1224-630: The Crimean War of 1853–1856, and by the United States Navy during the Mexican War of 1846–1848 and the American Civil War of 1861–1865. With the arrival of ironclad battleships from the late 1850s, the last remaining paddle frigates were decommissioned and sold into merchant-navy service by the 1870s. These included Miami , which became one of the first Boston steamers in 1867. At

1292-478: The Dunkirk Evacuation in 1940, where they were able to get close inshore to embark directly from the beach. One example was PS  Medway Queen , which saved an estimated 7,000 men over the nine days of the evacuation, and claimed to have shot down three German aircraft. Another paddle minesweeper, HMS  Oriole , was deliberately beached twice to allow soldiers to cross to other vessels using her as

1360-819: The Jin dynasty (1115–1234) navy. The Chinese used the paddle-wheel ship even during the First Opium War (1839–1842) and for transport around the Pearl River during the early 20th century. Paddle steamers in Bangladesh were first operated by the River Steam Navigation Company Limited in 1878. Many steamers, including the Garrow , Florikan , Burma , Majabi , Flamingo , Kiyi , Mohamend , Sherpa , Pathan , Sandra , Irani , Seal , Lali , and Mekla , dominated

1428-686: The Racecourse-class minesweepers , were ordered and 32 of them were built before the end of the war. In the Second World War , some thirty pleasure paddle steamers were again requisitioned; an added advantage was that their wooden hulls did not activate the new magnetic mines. The paddle ships formed six minesweeping flotillas , based at ports around the British coast. Other paddle steamers were converted to anti-aircraft ships. More than twenty paddle steamers were used as emergency troop transports during

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1496-662: The River Clyde in 1812. In 1812, the first U.S. Mississippi River paddle steamer began operating out of New Orleans. By 1814, Captain Henry Shreve had developed a "steamboat" suitable for local conditions. Landings in New Orleans went from 21 in 1814 to 191 in 1819, and over 1,200 in 1833. The first stern-wheeler was designed by Gerhard Moritz Roentgen from Rotterdam, and used between Antwerp and Ghent in 1827. Team boats , paddle boats driven by horses, were used for ferries

1564-548: The Solent , having taken this title from Wightlink 's St Clare . In January 2009, the ship was re-painted in an entirely yellow and blue overall livery to advertise the opening of a new IKEA store in Southampton . This was the first time a Red Funnel ferry was re-painted out of the company's own colour scheme. She stayed in these colours for 12 months as part of a deal between Red Funnel and IKEA to provide home delivery services to

1632-563: The Thames steamers which took passengers from London to Southend-on-Sea and Margate , Clyde steamers that connected Glasgow with the resort of Rothsay and the Köln-Düsseldorfer cruise steamers on the River Rhine . Paddle steamer services continued into the mid-20th century, when ownership of motor cars finally made them obsolete except for a few heritage examples. The first mention of

1700-498: The " thousand league boat ". When campaigning against Hou Jing in 552, the Liang dynasty (502–557) admiral Xu Shipu employed paddle-wheel boats called "water-wheel boats". At the siege of Liyang in 573, the admiral Huang Faqiu employed foot-treadle powered paddle-wheel boats. A successful paddle-wheel warship design was made in China by Prince Li Gao in 784 AD, during an imperial examination of

1768-423: The 1820s, paddle steamers were used to take tourists from the rapidly expanding industrial cities on river cruises, or to the newly established seaside resorts , where pleasure piers were built to allow passengers to disembark regardless of the state of the tide. Later, these paddle steamers were fitted with luxurious saloons in an effort to compete with the facilities available on the railways. Notable examples are

1836-614: The 1980s, the steam engines were replaced with diesel ones, and the wooden paddles were replaced with iron ones. Hydraulic steering was introduced in the 1990s, followed by electro-hydraulic systems in 2020. Modern equipment such as radar and GPS was also installed. However, PS Gazi , PS Teal , and PS Kiwi were decommissioned in the late '90s after catching fire while docked for repairs. Until 2022, four paddle steamers—PS Ostrich (built in Scotland in 1929), PS Mahsud (1928), PS Lepcha (1938), and PS Tern (1950)—were operated by

1904-485: The 1990, the company also ran Italian-built hydrofoils between Town Quay and Cowes. This route is now served by high-speed, passenger-only catamarans . In 1867 Red Funnel instituted a service crossing the River Medina between Cowes and East Cowes . This service was operated by a series of small launches over the years. The service ceased on the outbreak of war in 1939 when the vessels involved were requisitioned by

1972-462: The Atlantic under sustained steam power, beating Isambard Kingdom Brunel 's much larger Great Western by a day. Great Western , however, was actually built for the transatlantic trade, and so had sufficient coal for the passage; Sirius had to burn furniture and other items after running out of coal. Great Western ' s more successful crossing began the regular sailing of powered vessels across

2040-629: The Atlantic. Beaver was the first coastal steamship to operate in the Pacific Northwest of North America. Paddle steamers helped open Japan to the Western World in the mid-19th century. The largest paddle-steamer ever built was Brunel's Great Eastern , but it also had screw propulsion and sail rigging. It was 692 ft (211 m) long and weighed 32,000 tons, its paddlewheels being 56 ft (17 m) in diameter. In oceangoing service, paddle steamers became much less useful after

2108-670: The BIWTC once a week. This was a reduction from daily trips, and commercial services were eventually stopped altogether due to safety concerns, operational losses, and a lack of passengers, especially following the inauguration of the Padma Bridge . The first seagoing trip of a paddle steamer was by the Albany in 1808. It steamed from the Hudson River along the coast to the Delaware River . This

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2176-548: The Isle of Wight. In January 2010, she was re-painted back into the normal Red Funnel colour scheme when the deal came to an end. In 2015 Red Osprey underwent a similar refurbishment to that of her sister ship, Red Falcon , but with improvements based on customer recommendations. The refit commenced in January 2015, and she returned to service in April 2015. In 2005, Red Osprey featured in

2244-504: The Mississippi . Recessed or inboard paddlewheel boats were designed to ply narrow and snag-infested backwaters. By recessing the wheel within the hull it was protected somewhat from damage. It was enclosed and could be spun at a high speed to provide acute maneuverability. Most were built with inclined steam cylinders mounted on both sides of the paddleshaft and timed 90 degrees apart like a locomotive, making them instantly reversing. In

2312-532: The Seine, between Paris and Le Havre. The first paddle-steamer to make a long ocean voyage crossing the Atlantic Ocean was SS  Savannah , built in 1819 expressly for this service. Savannah set out for Liverpool on May 22, 1819, sighting Ireland after 23 days at sea. This was the first powered crossing of the Atlantic, although Savannah was built as a sailing ship with a steam auxiliary; she also carried

2380-609: The United States from the 1820s–1850s, as they were economical and did not incur licensing costs imposed by the steam navigation monopoly. In the 1850s, they were replaced by steamboats. After the American Civil War, as the expanding railroads took many passengers, the traffic became primarily bulk cargoes. The largest, and one of the last, paddle steamers on the Mississippi was the sternwheeler Sprague . Built in 1901, she pushed coal and petroleum until 1948. In Europe from

2448-690: The acquisition of Blue Funnel Ferries which operates the Hythe Ferry service. Blue Funnel Ferries will be renamed the Hythe and Southampton Ferry Company Limited. Red Funnel's house flag was adopted in 1861. The design was inspired by the names of the company's early paddle-steamers, Sapphire , Emerald , Ruby and Pearl . A simple rhyme was the guide to flying it correctly: "Blue to mast, green to fly, Red on deck, white to sky." Between Southampton and East Cowes , Red Funnel runs four vehicle ferries. The crossing takes roughly an hour. The crossings are, for

2516-611: The company has operated other routes connecting the Isle of Wight and the English mainland, together with a sizable excursion steamer business along the South Coast of England including day trips from the Isle of Wight to France, but today services are concentrated on two routes. In 1931 it introduced its first diesel ferry, the MV Medina . Ferries have steadily increased in size to the current Scottish-built Raptor class operated between East Cowes and Town Quay in Southampton. Between 1969 and

2584-472: The development of the propeller – which was more efficient and less vulnerable to cannon fire. One of the first screw-driven warships, HMS  Rattler  (1843) , demonstrated her superiority over paddle steamers during numerous trials, including one in 1845 where she pulled a paddle-driven sister ship backwards in a tug of war . However, paddle warships were used extensively by the Russian Navy during

2652-401: The dock, passengers moved to the side of the ship ready to disembark. The shift in weight, added to independent movements of the paddles, could lead to imbalance and potential capsizing . Paddle tugs were frequently operated with clutches in, as the lack of passengers aboard meant that independent paddle movement could be used safely and the added maneuverability exploited to the full. Although

2720-484: The early 19th century, paddle wheels were the predominant way of propulsion for steam-powered boats. In the late 19th century, paddle propulsion was largely superseded by the screw propeller and other marine propulsion systems that have a higher efficiency, especially in rough or open water. Paddle wheels continue to be used by small, pedal-powered paddle boats and by some ships that operate tourist voyages. The latter are often powered by diesel engines. The paddle wheel

2788-548: The ferries were refitted and extended both in length and height by Remontowa S.A. in Gdańsk , Poland. This was following a corporate decision driven by Tom Docherty to maximise summer operating capacity taking the previous capacity from around 100 CEUs to 213 CEU. During 2014 Red Falcon underwent a £2.2 million refurbishment, which saw the interior and facilities replaced with a bright and new modern look. Due to success and increase of passengers on their services during 2014, it

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2856-563: The film Fragile , starring Calista Flockhart . Several scenes were shot both on and off the ferry as it cruised across the Solent, including scenes shot on B and A deck. Somewhat unrealistically, the ferry appears to dock at the head of Ryde Pier , rather than its normal stopping point at East Cowes. Red Funnel Red Funnel , the trading name of the Southampton Isle of Wight and South of England Royal Mail Steam Packet Company Limited ,

2924-677: The first sternwheelers were invented in Europe, they saw the most service in North America, especially on the Mississippi River. Enterprise was built at Brownsville, Pennsylvania , in 1814 as an improvement over the less efficient side-wheelers. The second stern-wheeler built, Washington of 1816, had two decks and served as the prototype for all subsequent steamboats of the Mississippi , including those made famous in Mark Twain 's book Life on

2992-427: The hands of men. In its hull, or hollow interior, oxen, yoked in pairs to capstans, turn wheels attached to the sides of the ship; paddles, projecting above the circumference or curved surface of the wheels, beating the water with their strokes like oar-blades as the wheels revolve, work with an amazing and ingenious effect, their action producing rapid motion. This warship, moreover, because of its own bulk and because of

3060-417: The invention of the screw propeller, but they remained in use in coastal service and as river tugboats , thanks to their shallow draught and good maneuverability. The last crossing of the Atlantic by paddle steamer began on September 18, 1969, the first leg of a journey to conclude six months and nine days later. The steam paddle tug Eppleton Hall was never intended for oceangoing service, but nevertheless

3128-521: The machinery working inside it, joins battle with such pounding force that it easily wrecks and destroys all enemy warships coming at close quarters. Italian physician Guido da Vigevano ( circa 1280–1349), planning for a new crusade, made illustrations for a paddle boat that was propelled by manually turned compound cranks . One of the drawings of the Anonymous Author of the Hussite Wars shows

3196-506: The merged company's name remains the longest for a registered company in the United Kingdom. The trading name Red Funnel Steamers was adopted in 1935 when all the company's ships had black-topped red funnels, and later shortened to the current Red Funnel . The 1861 name remains the company's formal name. The company originally operated a paddle steamer ferry service between Cowes, Isle of Wight and Southampton . During its history

3264-494: The most famous being the modified Portuguese carrack La Trinidad , which surpassed a nearby galley in speed and maneuverability on June 17, 1543, in the harbor of Barcelona . The project, however, was discontinued. 19th century writer Tomás González claimed to have found proof that at least some of these vessels were steam-powered, but this theory was discredited by the Spanish authorities. It has been proposed that González mistook

3332-602: The most part, run on an hourly basis. Between Southampton and Cowes , Red Funnel run two High Speed ferries, roughly taking 28 minutes to cross the Solent. The peak frequency is roughly every 35 minutes. Between Southampton and Hythe , Red Funnel runs an hourly service, which is run by one passenger ferry, which is not yet in a Red Funnel livery. This service connects to the Hythe Pier . The first three vessels were built by Ferguson Shipbuilders of Port Glasgow , and entered service between 1994 and 1996. Between 2003 and 2005

3400-660: The narrower, winding rivers of the Murray–Darling system in Australia, where a number still operate. European sidewheelers, such as PS  Waverley , connect the wheels with solid drive shafts that limit maneuverability and give the craft a wide turning radius. Some were built with paddle clutches that disengage one or both paddles so they can turn independently. However, wisdom gained from early experience with sidewheelers deemed that they be operated with clutches out, or as solid-shaft vessels. Crews noticed that as ships approached

3468-486: The provinces by the Tang dynasty (618–907) emperor. The Chinese Song dynasty (960–1279) issued the construction of many paddle-wheel ships for its standing navy , and according to the British biochemist, historian, and sinologist Joseph Needham : "...between 1132 and 1183 (AD) a great number of treadmill-operated paddle-wheel craft, large and small, were built, including sternwheelers and ships with as many as 11 paddle-wheels

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3536-511: The rest of Red Funnel's RO-RO ferry fleet. She entered service in May 2019. In July 2024, it was announced that Red Funnel would order a new, all electric, Artemis eFoiler hydrofoil boat, to run on the Red Jet route of Southampton to Cowes. The vessel would carry 150 passengers and be capable of charging in less than 60 minutes. It is scheduled to enter service by late 2025. Paddle steamer In

3604-531: The same year, the company was sold to the Prudential 's infrastructure specialist, Infracapital, in a deal valuing the business at more than £200m. In 2014, plans came to light for the relocation of Red Funnel's Southampton terminal, as part of the redevelopment of the derelict Royal Pier . The plans would include relocating the vehicle and foot passenger terminals to a new site at Trafalgar Dry Dock, also known as Pier 50. Plans were approved in 2016, and Red Funnel

3672-721: The southern rivers. In 1958, Pakistan River Steamers inherited the fleet, some of which were built at the private Garden Rich Dockyard in Kolkata . After the liberation of Bangladesh , there were around 13 paddle steamers in 1972, nicknamed “the Rockets” for their speed, operated by the newly founded Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Corporation (BIWTC). These included PS Sandra , PS Lali , PS Mohammed , PS Gazi , PS Kiwi , PS Ostrich , PS Mahsud , PS Lepcha , and PS Tern . The steamers served destinations such as Chandpur , Barisal , Khulna , Morrelganj , and Kolkata , from Dhaka . In

3740-522: The start of the First World War , the Royal Navy requisitioned more than fifty pleasure paddle steamers for use as auxiliary minesweepers . The large spaces on their decks intended for promenading passengers proved to be ideal for handling the minesweeping booms and cables, and the paddles allowed them to operate in coastal shallows and estuaries. These were so successful that a new class of paddle ships,

3808-455: The summer. Red Jet 7 was built by Wight Shipyard in East Cowes. Red Jet 7 was lowered into the River Medina at East Cowes on 6 June 2018, and was christened during a launching ceremony on 24 July 2018. In February 2018, Red Funnel announced plans to introduce a new freight only ferry into the fleet, to coincide with the refurbishment of their facilities on both sides of the Solent. It

3876-472: The terminal at East Cowes, the first phase of which was completed in August 2018. In July 2022, Unite members at Red Funnel went on strike over pay, causing the company to have to run a reduced timetable. According to Red Funnel, this was the first strike at the firm since 1966. The strikes were suspended in August 2022 after the company proposed a new pay agreement. On 7 September 2023, Red Funnel announced

3944-542: The two companies had started co-ordinating their operations. In 1860, the Southampton, Isle of Wight & Portsmouth Improved Steamboat Company was created to compete with the two established operators, and the threat posed caused the two older companies to merge. They subsequently acquired the assets of the Improved Steamboat Company in 1865. Formed in 1861, and called The Southampton Isle of Wight and South of England Royal Mail Steam Packet Company Limited ,

4012-439: The type was by far the dominant mode of marine steam propulsion, both for steamships and steamboats, until the increasing adoption of screw propulsion from the 1850s. Though the side wheels and enclosing sponsons make them wider than sternwheelers, they may be more maneuverable, since they can sometimes move the paddles at different speeds, and even in opposite directions. This extra maneuverability makes side-wheelers popular on

4080-421: The water to increase efficiency. The upper part of a paddle wheel is normally enclosed in a paddlebox to minimise splashing. The three types of paddle wheel steamer are sidewheeler, with one paddlewheel amidships on each side; sternwheeler, with a single paddlewheel at the stern ; and (rarely) inboard, with the paddlewheel mounted in a recess amidships. The earliest steam vessel s were sidewheelers, and

4148-527: Was built at the Cammell Laird shipyard in Birkenhead , and was designed to have similar dimensions to Red Funnel's Raptor-class fleet, allowing it to load and unload at the same linkspan used by the other ferries. Construction of the new ferry began on 31 May 2018 with a formal keel laying ceremony. During this event, the ship's name was announced to be Red Kestrel , placing its name in line with those of

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4216-470: Was confirmed that Red Osprey would also receive a £2.2 million refurbishment. Like her sister ship, the Red Osprey was refitted and relaunched almost exactly a year later. After a delay of three years, the Red Eagle was refitted at the end of 2017. In 2016, Red Funnel took delivery of a new 40-metre high-speed catamaran constructed in East Cowes by Shemara Refit LLP . Named by the Princess Royal on 4 July 2016, Red Jet 6 entered service later in

4284-416: Was purely for the purpose of moving a river-boat to a new market, but paddle-steamers began regular short coastal trips soon after. In 1816 Pierre Andriel, a French businessman, bought in London the 15  hp (11 kW) paddle steamer Margery (later renamed Elise ) and made an eventful London- Le Havre -Paris crossing, encountering heavy weather on the way. He later operated his ship as a river packet on

4352-421: Was re-fitted and extended by Remontowa in Gdańsk , Poland , in order to increase vehicle capacity by 80 and allow a greater passenger capacity. This involved the lengthening of the ship by 9.6 m (31 ft). She was the first of Red Funnel's Raptor Class ships to undergo the process,. From December 2004 until Red Eagle 's stretch was completed a year later, she was the largest vessel regularly crossing

4420-427: Was sold to JP Morgan Partners by Associated British Ports Holdings , which had acquired the company in 1989 as a white knight to fend off a hostile takeover by Sally Lines . In 2004 the company was sold again in a management buy-out backed by the Bank of Scotland for £60 million. On 12 April 2007, the owners of Red Funnel (who include HBOS ) announced that they were considering selling Red Funnel. In June of

4488-522: Was steamed from Newcastle to San Francisco. As the voyage was intended to be completed under power, the tug was rigged as steam propelled with a sail auxiliary. The transatlantic stage of the voyage was completed exactly 150 years after the voyage of Savannah . As of 2022, the PS Waverley is the last seagoing passenger-carrying paddle steamer in the world. Beginning in the 1820s, the British Royal Navy began building paddle-driven steam frigates and steam sloops . By 1850 these had become obsolete due to

4556-429: Was supposed to relocate at the end of 2017. However, Southampton City Council terminated the deal to relocate the Royal Pier in August 2019, with the impact on the project to relocate the Red Funnel terminals unclear. In 2017 the company was sold to a consortium, including West Midlands Pension Fund and the Workplace Safety & Insurance Board . In the same year, construction work began on renovating and enlarging

4624-407: Was the first commercial paddle steamer and steamboat , the first commercial success was possibly Robert Fulton 's Clermont in New York, which went into commercial service in 1807 between New York City and Albany . Many other paddle-equipped river boats followed all around the world; the first in Europe being PS  Comet designed by Henry Bell which started a scheduled passenger service on

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