22-579: The red drum ( Sciaenops ocellatus ), also known as redfish , channel bass , puppy drum , spottail bass , or simply red , is a game fish found in the Atlantic Ocean from Massachusetts to Florida and in the Gulf of Mexico from Florida to northern Mexico . It is the only species in the genus Sciaenops . The red drum is related to the black drum ( Pogonias cromis ), and the two species are often found near to each other; they can interbreed and form
44-428: A commercial product Commercial netting disappeared after coastal states such as Florida declared red drum prohibited for sale. Recreational size and bag limits have been highly effective, allowing daily limits to be increased in recent years. The North Carolina General Assembly of 1971 designated the red drum the official state saltwater fish. (Session Laws, 1961, c. 274; G.S. 145–6). The Texas Legislature designated
66-451: A knocking or drumming sound during spawning by vibrating their swim bladders. The most distinguishing mark on the red drum is one large black spot on the upper part of the tail base. Having multiple spots is not uncommon for this fish, but having no spots is extremely rare. As the fish with multiple spots grow older, they seem to lose their excess spots. Scientists believe that the black spot near their tail helps fool predators into attacking
88-405: A protected game fish. The order prohibits sale of red drum caught in federal waters and encourages states to consider designating red drum as a protected game fish within state waters. While they may no longer be commercially harvested in U.S. federal waters or in most state waters, they are readily caught and still enjoyed as table fare by many. In addition, farm-raised redfish are still available as
110-456: A robust hybrid, and younger fish are often indistinguishable in flavor. Red drum are a dark red color on the back, which fades into white on the belly. The red drum has a characteristic eyespot near the tail and is somewhat streamlined. Three-year-old red drum typically weigh 6 to 8 pounds (2.7–3.6 kg). The largest red drum on record weighed just over 94 pounds (43 kg) and was caught in 1984 on Hatteras Island . Male red drum make
132-399: A sample of red drum is by comparing their actual weights to weights predicted by these relationships for the same length. Red drum have a moderate flavor and are not oily. Big drum can be tricky to clean; removing the large scales can be challenging. Many fishers prefer to fillet with an electric knife, first removing the fillet from along the backbone, and then using the electric knife to cut
154-574: Is the World Record Game Fishes , published annually by the International Game Fish Association (IGFA), which maintains records for nearly 400 species around the world. The records are categorised, with separate records for juniors, for the type of tackle and line used, for fly fishing, and locality records. The IGFA also organize the world saltwater championship tournaments. Executive Order 13449 From Misplaced Pages,
176-528: The article wizard to submit a draft for review, or request a new article . Search for " Executive Order 13449 " in existing articles. Look for pages within Misplaced Pages that link to this title . Other reasons this message may be displayed: If a page was recently created here, it may not be visible yet because of a delay in updating the database; wait a few minutes or try the purge function . Titles on Misplaced Pages are case sensitive except for
198-585: The climate is appropriate, from their native range on the Pacific Coast of North America to the mountains of southern Africa , and is now listed as one of the worst invasive species . As part of the catch-and-release practice encouraged to promote conservation , tagging programs were established. Some of their goals are to improve the management of fishery resources and to keep records on abundance , age, growth rates , migrations and breed identification . Some well-known tagging programs in
220-734: The United States are the South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program and the Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program. The South Carolina Marine Game Fish Tagging Program began in 1974 and it is now the largest public tagging program in the Southeastern United States . Anglers are trained and then receive a tag kit with tags, applicator, and instructions. When they tag a fish, anglers use a reply postcard they receive in advance to send
242-454: The average weight of redfish caught in Louisiana coastal waters. Restrictions on both sport and commercial fishermen allowed the species to rebuild. States actively vary the recreational catch limits and minimum and maximum lengths to help maintain sustainable red drum populations. Executive Order 13449 of October 20, 2007, issued by U.S. President George W. Bush , designated the red drum as
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#1732855823236264-880: The eastern and southern Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of Louisiana, Texas, Alabama, Mississippi, Florida, Georgia, the Carolinas, and Virginia. They are a highly prized game fish in the Gulf of Mexico. Aquaculture activities involving them occur around the world. Several individuals have been recently reported from the Mediterranean Sea off Israel and Sicily, all likely escapees from aquaculture farms. Immature red drum prefer grass marsh areas of bays and estuaries when available. Both younger mature red drum (3–6 years of age) and bull red drum prefer rocky outcroppings including jetties and manmade structures, such as oil rigs and bridge posts. Around this type of structure, they are found throughout
286-418: The fillet from the skin and scales. Fish over 15 lb can become tough and have a consistency comparable with chicken, rather than the flaky texture of many species of fish. Younger fish are often indistinguishable in flavor from black drum. From 1980 through 1988, commercial fishermen took an average of 28% of the redfish, while sport fishermen harvested 72%. Catch limits and size restrictions have increased
308-400: The first year, they may be 271 – 383 mm long. About half of red drum are able to reproduce by age 4 years, when they are 660–700 mm long and 3.4 – 4 kg in weight. Red drum can live to be 60 years old. As red drum grow longer, they increase in weight exponentially. The relationship between length (L) and weight (W) for nearly all species of fish can be expressed by an equation of
330-543: The form: Invariably, b is close to 3.0 for all species, and a varies between species. Jenkins (2004) reported slightly different weight-length relationships for red drum caught in the spring and the fall off the western Gulf Coast of Louisiana: where weight is in grams and length is total length measured in millimeters. For example, these relationships predict that a 600-mm red drum (just under 2 ft long) would weigh about 2300 g (just over 5 lb). These relationships can be used more specifically to determine how healthy
352-919: The 💕 Look for Executive Order 13449 on one of Misplaced Pages's sister projects : [REDACTED] Wiktionary (dictionary) [REDACTED] Wikibooks (textbooks) [REDACTED] Wikiquote (quotations) [REDACTED] Wikisource (library) [REDACTED] Wikiversity (learning resources) [REDACTED] Commons (media) [REDACTED] Wikivoyage (travel guide) [REDACTED] Wikinews (news source) [REDACTED] Wikidata (linked database) [REDACTED] Wikispecies (species directory) Misplaced Pages does not have an article with this exact name. Please search for Executive Order 13449 in Misplaced Pages to check for alternative titles or spellings. You need to log in or create an account and be autoconfirmed to create new articles. Alternatively, you can use
374-407: The information on the tag number, tag date, location , species , and size . This program issues anglers who tag and release 30 or more eligible species within a year a conservation award. When an angler recaptures a tagged fish, they then should report the recapture. If possible, the tag number and the mailing address should be reported, along with the location and date of the recapture, as well with
396-583: The measurement of the fish. The objective is to provide biologists with the necessary information to determine growth rate through an accurate measurement. The Virginia Game Fish Tagging Program started operations in 1995 and keeps records on recaptured fish since then. This is an annual program that starts in January and it is limited to 160 anglers. Anglers receive training workshops in February and March. The official guide to world salt- and freshwater fish records
418-582: The red drum as the official "State Saltwater Fish of Texas" in 2011. Game fish Game fish , sport fish or quarry refer to popular fish species pursued by recreational fishers (typically anglers ), and can be freshwater or saltwater fish . Game fish can be eaten after being caught , preserved as taxidermy (though rare), or released after capture . Some game fish are also targeted commercially , particularly less bony species such as salmon and tuna . Specimens of game fish whose measurements (body length and weight ) significantly exceed
440-576: The red drum's tail instead of its head, allowing the red drum to escape. The red drum uses its senses of sight and touch, and its downturned mouth, to locate forage on the bottom through vacuuming or biting. On the top and middle of the water column, it uses changes in the light that might look like food. In the summer and fall, adult red drum feed on crabs , shrimp , and mullet ; in the spring and winter, adults primarily feed on menhaden , mullet, pinfish , sea robin , lizardfish , spot , Atlantic croaker , and mudminnows . Red drum naturally occur along
462-522: The species' average are sometimes known as trophy fish , as such captures are often presented as bragging rights among fishers. The species of fish prized by anglers varies with geography and tradition. Some fish are sought for their value as food , while others are pursued for their fighting abilities, or for the difficulty of successfully enticing the fish to bite the hook . Some popular game fish have been introduced and stocked worldwide. Rainbow trout , for instance, can be found nearly anywhere
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#1732855823236484-498: The water column. Mature red drum spawn in near shorelines from mid-August to mid-October. The red drum's eggs incubate for 24 hours. A female lays about 1.5 million (with a range of 200,000 up to more than three million) eggs per batch. Scharf (2000) reported that in the first year, young red drum in Texas estuaries grew about 0.6 mm per day, though the rates varied with location and year and were higher in more southerly estuaries. After
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