28-624: Ratnagiri ( IAST :Ratnāgirī ; [ɾət̪n̪aːɡiɾiː] ) is a port city on the Arabian Sea coast in Ratnagiri District in southwestern Maharashtra , India. The district is part of Konkan division of Maharashtra. The city is known for the Hapus or Alphonso mangoes. Ratnagiri is the birthplace of Indian independence activist Lokmanya Tilak . Thibaw , the last king of Burma , alongside his consort Supayalat and two infant daughters were exiled to
56-568: A macron ). Vocalic (syllabic) consonants, retroflexes and ṣ ( / ʂ ~ ɕ ~ʃ/ ) have an underdot . One letter has an overdot: ṅ ( /ŋ/ ). One has an acute accent : ś ( /ʃ/ ). One letter has a line below: ḻ ( / ɭ / ) (Vedic). Unlike ASCII -only romanisations such as ITRANS or Harvard-Kyoto , the diacritics used for IAST allow capitalisation of proper names. The capital variants of letters never occurring word-initially ( Ṇ Ṅ Ñ Ṝ Ḹ ) are useful only when writing in all-caps and in Pāṇini contexts for which
84-502: A century of scholarly usage in books and journals on classical Indian studies. By contrast, the ISO 15919 standard for transliterating Indic scripts emerged in 2001 from the standards and library worlds. For the most part, ISO 15919 follows the IAST scheme, departing from it only in minor ways (e.g., ṃ/ṁ and ṛ/r̥)—see comparison below. The Indian National Library at Kolkata romanization , intended for
112-433: A font, etc. It can be enabled in the input menu in the menu bar under System Preferences → International → Input Menu (or System Preferences → Language and Text → Input Sources) or can be viewed under Edit → Emoji & Symbols in many programs. Equivalent tools – such as gucharmap ( GNOME ) or kcharselect ( KDE ) – exist on most Linux desktop environments. Users of SCIM on Linux based platforms can also have
140-488: A pivotal role in shaping his revolutionary ideologies. Today, Ratnagiri is known not only for its historical significance but also for its agricultural contributions, especially the famous Alphonso mangoes , and its growing role as a cultural and educational hub in Maharashtra. [REDACTED] Media related to Ratnagiri at Wikimedia Commons IAST The International Alphabet of Sanskrit Transliteration ( IAST )
168-463: A two-storied brick mansion in Ratnagiri. The building is now known as Thibaw Palace. This place has many villages like Karla, Rajiwada, Mirkarwada, etc. Ratnagiri is located at 16°59′N 73°18′E / 16.98°N 73.3°E / 16.98; 73.3 . It has an average elevation of 11 meters (36 feet). The Sahyadri mountains border Ratnagiri to the east. Road Ratnagiri
196-623: Is a transliteration scheme that allows the lossless romanisation of Indic scripts as employed by Sanskrit and related Indic languages. It is based on a scheme that emerged during the 19th century from suggestions by Charles Trevelyan , William Jones , Monier Monier-Williams and other scholars, and formalised by the Transliteration Committee of the Geneva Oriental Congress , in September 1894. IAST makes it possible for
224-782: Is by setting up an alternative keyboard layout . This allows one to hold a modifier key to type letters with diacritical marks. For example, alt + a = ā. How this is set up varies by operating system. Linux/Unix and BSD desktop environments allow one to set up custom keyboard layouts and switch them by clicking a flag icon in the menu bar. macOS One can use the pre-installed US International keyboard, or install Toshiya Unebe's Easy Unicode keyboard layout. Microsoft Windows Windows also allows one to change keyboard layouts and set up additional custom keyboard mappings for IAST. This Pali keyboard installer made by Microsoft Keyboard Layout Creator (MSKLC) supports IAST (works on Microsoft Windows up to at least version 10, can use Alt button on
252-496: Is one of the premier institutes, especially in the South Konkan Coastal Fisheries Zone, having a mandate for the development of fish production technologies, transferring the technologies to fish culturists, entrepreneurs, and the industry, and generating professionally trained manpower in fish culture. Chief Minister Eknath Shinde inaugurated a 3D Planetarium on the 16th of December, 2022 in Ratnagiri. It
280-459: Is presently attached with Dr. Balasaheb Sawant Konkan Krishi Vidyapeeth, Dapoli , Dist.: Ratnagiri. The research station has a 10-hectare area as a field facility including a three-storied building at the main campus, a well-equipped aquarium and museum, a modernized brackish water fish farm, a Mechanized Fishing and Research Vessel, Seed Production facilities, and various laboratories at its disposal. The Marine Biological Research Station, Ratnagiri
308-510: Is proposed through Vaibhavwadi Road – Kolhapur route. M. Devender Singh (IAS: MH2011) joined as Collector and District Magistrate of Ratnagiri on 1 October 2022 after the previous Collector and District Magistrate B.N Patil was transferred. Ratnagiri Municipality: The Ratnagiri Municipality was established in 1876. The Office of the President of the Council was occupied by Mr. Pradeep Salvi of
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#1732848908739336-409: Is well connected to Mumbai , New Delhi , Amritsar , Chandigarh , Dehradun , Jaipur , Jodhpur , Bikaner , Ahmedabad , Vadodara , Surat , Bhuj , Indore , Jabalpur , Patna , Nagpur , Pune , Margao , Mangalore , Kochi , Thiruvananthapuram , Kanyakumari , Coimbatore and other major towns of the country. Every train passing through the city halts here. Connectivity to western Maharashtra
364-610: Is well connected to the other parts of the state and country by National Highways & State Highways. National Highways NH 66 ( Panvel – Edapally ), NH 166 (Ratnagiri – Nagpur ) and Coastal Highway (Rewas – Reddy) pass through the city. MSRTC operates bus services to Mumbai , Thane , Vasai , Nala Sopara , Kalyan , Bhiwandi , Pune , Panaji , Nanded , Latur , Tuljapur , Akkalkot , Ambajogai , Beed , Kolhapur , Gargoti , Gadhinglaj , Nrushimhawadi , Ichalkaranji , Sangli , Miraj , Tasgaon , Jat , Islampur , Satara , Belgaum , Hubli , Bijapur and other major towns of
392-681: The Bijapur Sultanate, was reconstructed by Maratha king Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in 1670, turning it into a key coastal defense post. In 1731, Ratnagiri came under the control of the Kingdom of Satara, marking the beginning of its integration into the Maratha Empire . Following the Third Anglo-Maratha War , the British annexed Ratnagiri to British India in 1818, further embedding it into
420-648: The British Empire annexed his country. In 1886, King Thibaw, along with his family, was exiled to Ratnagiri, where he lived the rest of his life under British surveillance. His residence, the Thibaw Palace, still stands as a symbol of this chapter in the city’s history. Furthermore, Vinayak Damodar Savarkar , a key figure in India’s independence movement, was confined in Ratnagiri from 1921 to 1935, first in prison and then under local confinement. His time in Ratnagiri played
448-753: The Ratnagiri constituency in State Assembly since 2004, and has been appointed as the Guardian Minister of the Ratnagiri. Ratnagiri–Sindhudurg (Lok Sabha constituency) : Narayan Rane ( BJP ) represents Ratnagiri-Sindhudurg constituency in Lok Sabha , lower house of the parliament since 2024. The Maharashtra Government under the Department of Fisheries established the Marine Biological Research Station (MBRS) in 1958 at Ratnagiri, which
476-785: The Shivsena, before it got dismissed due to the completion of the Term. Currently, the Office of the Council President remains vacant with the Administrator and the Chief Officer being in charge of the Municipal Administration. Ratnagiri (Vidhan Sabha constituency) : Uday Samant ( Shiv Sena ), The Incumbent Cabinet Minister of Industries Uday Samant Government of Maharashtra represents
504-579: The area of Sanskrit studies make use of free OpenType fonts such as FreeSerif or Gentium , both of which have complete support for the full repertoire of conjoined diacritics in the IAST character set. Released under the GNU FreeFont or SIL Open Font License , respectively, such fonts may be freely shared and do not require the person reading or editing a document to purchase proprietary software to make use of its associated fonts. Ratnagiri (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Ratnagiri Assembly constituency
532-432: The colonial structure. Ratnagiri holds significant cultural importance as the birthplace of Indian freedom fighter Lokmanya Bal Gangadhar Tilak , born on 23 July 1856. Tilak, an influential leader in India’s struggle for independence, moved to Pune with his family at the age of 10. His early years in Ratnagiri influenced his later revolutionary thoughts. The city was also a place of exile for King Thibaw of Burma after
560-526: The consumer edition since XP. This is limited to characters in the Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Characters are searchable by Unicode character name, and the table can be limited to a particular code block. More advanced third-party tools of the same type are also available (a notable freeware example is BabelMap ). macOS provides a "character palette" with much the same functionality, along with searching by related characters, glyph tables in
588-625: The convention is to typeset the IT sounds as capital letters. For the most part, IAST is a subset of ISO 15919 that merges the retroflex (underdotted) liquids with the vocalic ones ( ringed below ) and the short close-mid vowels with the long ones. The following seven exceptions are from the ISO standard accommodating an extended repertoire of symbols to allow transliteration of Devanāgarī and other Indic scripts , as used for languages other than Sanskrit. The most convenient method of inputting romanized Sanskrit
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#1732848908739616-670: The opportunity to install and use the sa-itrans-iast input handler which provides complete support for the ISO 15919 standard for the romanization of Indic languages as part of the m17n library. Or user can use some Unicode characters in Latin-1 Supplement, Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended Additional and Combining Diarcritical Marks block to write IAST. Only certain fonts support all the Latin Unicode characters essential for
644-590: The reader to read the Indic text unambiguously, exactly as if it were in the original Indic script. It is this faithfulness to the original scripts that accounts for its continuing popularity amongst scholars. Scholars commonly use IAST in publications that cite textual material in Sanskrit, Pāḷi and other classical Indian languages. IAST is also used for major e-text repositories such as SARIT, Muktabodha, GRETIL, and sanskritdocuments.org. The IAST scheme represents more than
672-464: The right side of the keyboard instead of Ctrl+Alt combination). Many systems provide a way to select Unicode characters visually. ISO/IEC 14755 refers to this as a screen-selection entry method . Microsoft Windows has provided a Unicode version of the Character Map program (find it by hitting ⊞ Win + R then type charmap then hit ↵ Enter ) since version NT 4.0 – appearing in
700-483: The romanisation of all Indic scripts , is an extension of IAST. The IAST letters are listed with their Devanagari equivalents and phonetic values in IPA , valid for Sanskrit , Hindi and other modern languages that use Devanagari script, but some phonological changes have occurred: * H is actually glottal , not velar . Some letters are modified with diacritics : Long vowels are marked with an overline (often called
728-430: The state. North Western Karnataka Road Transport Corporation also operates buses from Belgaum, Bijapur, Gulbarga, Indi, Muddebihal, Sindgi, Athani, Jevargi and Talikota. Several private buses regularly ply for Mumbai and Pune and a few for Kolhapur , Bijapur . Railways Ratnagiri is a major Railhead on Konkan Railway route. Ratnagiri is also one of the two divisions of Konkan Railway Corporation . The city
756-483: The transliteration of Indic scripts according to the IAST and ISO 15919 standards. For example, the Arial , Tahoma and Times New Roman font packages that come with Microsoft Office 2007 and later versions also support precomposed Unicode characters like ī . Many other text fonts commonly used for book production may be lacking in support for one or more characters from this block. Accordingly, many academics working in
784-537: Was built for Rs 11 crore 58 lakh. This planetarium is the first active 3D planetarium in Maharashtra and fifth nationally. Ratnagiri, located along the Konkan coast of Maharashtra, has a rich and diverse history that dates back centuries. It served as the administrative capital under the Sultanate of Bijapur , with its strategic location making it an important military and trade center. The Ratnadurg Fort , originally built by
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