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91-519: The party was formed by Panchayat era prime ministers Surya Bahadur Thapa and Lokendra Bahadur Chand in 1990. The party led two coalition governments in 1997 under Thapa and Chand. The two were also appointed prime minister by King Gyanendra in the 2000s; Chand in 2002 and Thapa in 2003. Rajendra Prasad Lingden is currently serving as party chairman after being elected at the party's general convention in December 2021. Rastriya Prajatantra Party

182-561: A Metropolitan City on 22 May 2017 along with Biratnagar and Pokhara . Birgunj is one of the largest cities in Nepal and the largest in Madhesh Province. Birgunj is the fifth most populated metropolis of the nation. Birgunj was established as a conglomerate of several villages in and around Gahawa Mai Temple. Gahawa Mai Temple remains the epicenter of the town. The settlement was named after Rana Prime Minister Bir Shamsher , thus acquiring

273-524: A massive population shift from the mountains to the Terai ; this significantly increased the area devoted to agriculture. By 1986, 2,054 industrial establishments employed about 125,000 workers nationwide. The 1967–1975 Back to the Village National Campaign was originally a rural-development effort. A 1975 amendment to the constitution made the campaign a means of maintaining political power, but it

364-515: A no-confidence motion tabled by Nepali Congress and toppled the government. Thapa was then made the prime minister on 6 October 1997 with the support of Congress. After losing support within his party Thapa asked King Birendra to dissolve the house and call for fresh elections. After the recommendation of the Supreme Court, the king called forth a special session of the parliament to debate the no-confidence motion filed against Thapa. Thapa survived

455-577: A people's awareness program. A left-wing alliance known as the United Left Front (ULF) supported the NC in its campaign for a party system. On January 18–19, 1990, the NC held a conference to which leaders of other countries and foreign reporters were invited. Leaders from India attended the meeting; Germany, Japan, Spain, and Finland supported the movement, and the US and West German ambassadors were present. Inspired by

546-682: A resting place. In the ancient times, the pilgrims stopped at Birgunj in the midst of their journey between Lumbini and Bodh Gaya (India). The mound is protected by a boundary wall, and future excavations may well tell us about the history of not just Birgunj but also its importance to Buddhism 2,500 years ago. Parsa National Park which is 33 km (21 mi) from the city, known for inhabiting Royal Bengal Tigers ( Panthera tigris tigris ), Asian elephants ( Elephas maximus ), One-horned Rhinoceros ( Rhinoceros unicornis ), Common Leopard ( Panthera pardus ) and also various species of mammals, birds and reptiles. The park can visited by one hour drive by bus from

637-510: A secular republic. Later however, the party advocated for turning Nepal into a Hindu republic . Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal , a splinter group of the party which had voted against abolishing the monarchy changed its constitution to support the re-establishment of the Hindu state and a return to constitutional monarchy . After the merger between the two parties in November 2016 it was announced that

728-411: A single treaty dealing with the two issues, which was unacceptable to Nepal. A deadlock ensued, and the treaties expired on 23 March 1989. The country's poorer classes bore the brunt of the restricted supply of consumer goods and petroleum products such as petrol, aviation fuel, and kerosene. Industry suffered because it depended on India for resources, trade, and transit. The government tried to deal with

819-699: A stampede in the national sports complex during a hailstorm. The souring of India-Nepal trade relations also affected the popularity of the Singh government. Nepal introduced a work permit for Indian workers in three districts in April 1987. In early 1989, Nepal provided a 40-percent duty concession to Chinese goods and later withdrew duty concessions from Indian goods so Chinese goods became cheaper than their Indian counterparts. This led to increasingly-strained relations over Nepal's purchase of Chinese arms in 1988. India refused to renew two treaties of trade and transit and insisted on

910-496: A two-tier federal structure. Panchayat (Nepal) Panchayat ( Nepali : पञ्चायत) was a political system in Nepal from 1961 to 1990. It banned political parties and placed all governmental power, including power over the Council of Ministers and Federal Parliament , under the sole authority of the king ; this made the country a de facto absolute monarchy . After sidelining

1001-516: A unified system of representative government in a way that had been impossible for the elite political parties. Nepal carried out its second (1962–65) and third Five-Year Plans (1965–70), and began the Fourth Five-Year Plan (1970–75). Eradication of malaria, construction of the east-west Mahendra Highway along the southern foothills of the Himalayas, and land-settlement programs contributed to

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1092-449: Is also called the "Commercial Capital of Nepal". The town has significant economic importance for Nepal as most of the trade with India is via Birganj and the Indian town of Raxaul . The Tribhuvan Highway links Birgunj to Nepal's capital, Kathmandu . Birgunj was one of the first three municipalities formed during the rule of Prime Minister Mohan Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana . It was declared

1183-533: Is also located beside the Narayani Stadium. The cricket ground has top class outfield and a better cricket pitch . National level and Regional level cricket tournament are regularly held here. Every year day night T20 Cricket tournament is held using temporary flood light towers. Day night cricket match in Nepal was first played here. Nepal national cricket team 's players Haseem Ansari , Aarif Sheikh , Avinash Karn and Irshad Ahmed hail from Birgunj. Cricket

1274-524: Is covered in the Birgunj-Pathlaiya commercial highway. Birgunj is main entry to Nepal. So, the city is widely visited by the Indians. There are good three-star hotels in the main centre of the city. These hotels operate some mini casinos as well. During Chhath festival, Ghadiarwa Pokhari is visited by numerous people from different parts of the country. Vishwa Buddha Vihar is another religious place which

1365-464: Is currently connected to Birgunj as the main gateway to Nepal, was not established. At that time Indian trains operated only till Sugauli. On 18 May 2006, the parliament of Nepal declared that the country would become a secular state, prompting the 2006 Birgunj unrest . Birgunj was the main center from where Madhes movement started twice both in 2007 and 2013. Birgunj is located in the Terai plain which

1456-526: Is currently the fifth-largest political party in the House of Representatives after winning 14 seats at the 2022 general election and is one of seven national parties recognized by the Election Commission . The party was briefly part of the ruling coalition government following the election, but has been in opposition since 25 February 2023. The Rastriya Prajatantra Party was formed by the ruling elite of

1547-468: Is expected to reduce travel times between the capital and the commercial capital, Birgunj. There are regular bus services to all major cities and towns in Nepal including Kathmandu, Pokhara, Patan, Bhaktapur , Biratnagar, Dharan , Butwal , Nepalgunj , Dhangadhi , Kakarvitta , Janakpur , Bhairahawa (Lumbini), Bharatpur (Chitwan), etc. Local bus services provide transportation inside the city and into its vicinity. Night buses from Birgunj to Kathmandu are

1638-404: Is located in the out-skirts of the city. Vishwa is actually shaped like a stupa and has engravings of Buddha facing the cardinal directions of the universe. This place has a tranquil ambience and it attracts those tourists who want to flee the bustling life of the city. The term vishwa is derived from the word vicchu-wa, which is translated as a resting place for Bikshu(s) or Buddhist monks and means

1729-593: Is the Industrial and Commercial Capital of Nepal. Birgunj Chamber of Commerce & Industries is the leading and the oldest Chamber of Commerce & Industries in Nepal. In 1964 when Birgunj Sugar Factory Ltd. was established by the Government of Nepal in collaboration with the Soviet Union (at present, Russia) with initial crushing capacity of 1,000 metric tons which later increased to 1,500 metric tons (Rajak, 2006). This

1820-585: Is the key terminal of surface cargo delivery to Nepal. This cargo point on the south connects the heart of the country, Kathmandu, via another key industrial city, Hetauda . It is also served by Tribhuvan Highway , extending from the Indian border at Raxaul through Birgunj and Hetauda to Kathmandu with frequent bus service. Simara Airport — 9 mi (14 km) north near the highway in Pipara Simara , Bara district —offers scheduled flights to Kathmandu. India and Nepal have an open border with no restrictions on

1911-557: Is the most popular sport and is played more than any other games and sports. Birgunj has a history in education. Education was started in town with the establishment of Trijuddha School by Mahavir Prasad and Raghubir Ram during the regime of Juddha Shumsher Jung Bahadur Rana which was among the first three schools to be established in Nepal. Currently, Trijuddha School is the second oldest school in Nepal. It serves classes in both English and Nepali Medium and also conducts diplomas for civil engineering. Thakuram Multiple Campus , located in

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2002-456: Is the northern part of the Indo-Gangetic plain. Birgunj metropolitan city has an elongated shape. The variation in altitude is in the range of 78 m to 95 m when moving from south to north of Birgunj. Although the range of altitude variation is small, but there is a high micro-topographical variation. The city lies about 90 m above sea level. Quaternary sediments are mainly found in the area. Soil

2093-454: Is very fertile that consists the mixture of clay, silt and sand. The climatic condition is sub-tropical monsoon with a very hot and humid summer. The mean annual temperature ranges from 23.8 to 24.5 °C (74.8 to 76.1 °F). The annual rainfall ranges from about 1,300 to 2,800 mm (51 to 110 in) with an average of 1,800 mm (71 in). Majority of the precipitation occurs during June, July, August and September. Sirsiya in

2184-441: The 1994 general elections . The party received 18 percent of the votes and won 20 seats to the House of Representatives , making them the third largest party in the parliament. The party initially supported the minority government of CPN (UML) but later withdrew their support and backed a no-confidence motion Manmohan Adhikari . The party then joined a coalition government with Nepali Congress and Nepal Sadbhawana Party under

2275-461: The 1999 elections and fared badly in the election with the party winning 11 seats and the party led by Chand not winning any seats. Following the elections, the parties decided to merge again on 31 December 1999. A group led by Rajeshwar Devkota however decided not to rejoin the party and formed their own Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist) . The king dismissed the government of Sher Bahadur Deuba on 4 October 2002 after failing to conduct

2366-520: The 2013 elections , the party won constituency seats in Rupandehi 2 , Chitwan 5 and Dhankuta 2 and got 2.75% of the party list votes and won 10 seats through the party-list proportional representation system for a total of 13 seats in the 2nd Constituent Assembly . The party supported the CPN (UML) – Nepali Congress coalition government under Sushil Koirala following the election and sent two ministers to

2457-529: The Interim Legislature Parliament after including the Maoists . The party had eight seats in the parliament but two MPs, Budhhiman Tamang and Brijesh Kumar Gupta , were dismissed because of their support of the royal coup. In the 2008 elections the party failed to win a seat from the constituency vote but got 2.45% of the party list votes and won 8 seats to the 1st Constituent Assembly through

2548-604: The Madhav Kumar Nepal led government in June 2009. At the party's fifth general convention from 17 to 19 May 2013, the Rastriya Janashakti Party merged into the party and Surya Bahadur Thapa was elected as the chairman of the unified party. It was also decided that the senior leadership would rotate annually between Surya Bahadur Thapa , Lokendra Bahadur Chand , Pashupati SJB Rana and Prakash Chandra Lohani . In

2639-486: The Nepali Congress government of B. P. Koirala on 15 December 1960 (1 Poush 2017 BS ) in a coup d'état , King Mahendra introduced the panchayat system on 5 January 1961 (22 Poush 2017 BS). Mahendra introduced a four-tier structure ( village , town, district , and national ) based on limited elected executive committees. The king consolidated power by institutionalizing three pillars of national identity— Hinduism ,

2730-501: The Nepali language , and the monarchy—as foundations of everyday social and religious life. This was encapsulated in the slogan, Ek Raja, Ek Bhesh, Ek Bhasa (one king, one dress, one language). Popular discontent with the panchayat system grew and exploded on 18 February 1990, when the banned Nepali Congress and the United Left Front (a coalition of left-wing Nepali parties) launched a campaign of popular demonstrations and strikes to end

2821-567: The Satyagrah Express to Delhi , Mithila Express to Kolkata , Lokmanya Tilak express to Mumbai , and HYD-RXL express to Hyderabad . Thus, Birgunj has direct connectivity to major Indian cities like – Patna, Varanasi , Haridwar , Chandigarh , Dehradun , Allahabad , Kolkata, New Delhi , Mumbai, Bhopal , Amritsar , Guwahati , Lucknow , Gorakhpur , Kanpur , Ranchi , Raipur , Nagpur , Hyderabad, etc. The Raxaul-Birgunj-Kathmandu railway survey report has been ready and in coming future

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2912-562: The coalition government on 9 March 2017 under CPN (Maoist Centre) chairman Pushpa Kamal Dahal with Kamal Thapa serving as deputy prime minister. Prakash Chandra Lohani split away from the party following the decision to join the government and because of issues regarding the electoral symbol of the party. He announced the formation of Ekikrit Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Nationalist) on 29 March 2017. Another split occurred on 6 August 2017 after Pashupati SJB Rana broke away forming Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic) . The party joined

3003-581: The coalition government under Nepali Congress president Sher Bahadur Deuba on 13 October 2017 with Kamal Thapa again serving as deputy prime minister. In the 2017 general and provincial elections , Rastriya Prajantatra Party formed an alliance with Nepali Congress and Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Democratic) . The party only won one seat to the House of Representatives and party chairman Kamal Thapa lost in Makwanpur 1 . Only general secretary Rajendra Lingden

3094-411: The party-list proportional representation system. Party chairman Pashupati SJB Rana also lost from Sindhupalchowk 1 . On 28 May 2008, at the first session of the 1st Constituent Assembly. The party voted in favor of abolishing the monarchy and turning Nepal into a republic. Lokendra Bahadur Chand who was serving as the parliamentary party leader of the party was absent during the vote. The party joined

3185-1902: The 2021 Census , Birgunj had a population of 268,273. It is the second biggest city in Terai and the fifth biggest city in Nepal after Kathmandu , Pokhara , Bharatpur , and Lalitpur . It serves as the headquarters of the Parsa District . At the time of the 2011 Nepal census , Birgunj Metropolitan City had a population of 244,086. Of these, 78.6% spoke Bhojpuri , 6.5% Nepali , 5.5% Maithili , 3.1% Urdu , 1.9% Rajasthani , 1.5% Newar , 0.7% Tharu , 0.6% Hindi , 0.4% Rai , 0.1% Bengali , 0.1% Magar , 0.1% Punjabi , 0.1% Tamang , 0.1% Uranw/Urau , and 0.1% other parties as their first language. In terms of ethnicity/caste, 18.1% were Musalman , 9.6% Kurmi , 6.5% Yadav , 6.4% Kanu , 3.6% Hill Brahmin , 3.6% Teli , 3.2% Dhanuk , 3.1% Sonar , 3.1% Tharu , 3.0% Kalwar , 2.9% Chamar /Harijan/Ram, 2.8% Koiri / Kushwaha , 2.3% Newar , 2.2% Marwadi , 2.1% Kathabaniyan, 2.1% Kayastha , 1.9% Chhetri , 1.9% Dusadh/ Paswan /Pasi, 1.8% Terai Brahmin , 1.6% Baraee, 1.6% Mallaha , 1.4% Nuniya, 1.4% other Terai, 1.3% Rajput , 1.2% Hajjam /Thakur, 1.2% Lohar , 1.2% Tatma/Tatwa, 1.1% Dhobi , 0.9% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 0.7% Kumal , 0.7% Musahar , 0.5% Kumhar , 0.5% Rai , 0.4% Halkhor, 0.4% Tamang , 0.3% Dom , 0.3% Magar , 0.3% Mali , 0.2% Badhaee, 0.2% Bengali , 0.2% Bin, 0.2% Halwai , 0.2% Kahar , 0.2% Kewat , 0.2% Natuwa, 0.2% Rajbhar , 0.2% Thakuri , 0.1% Damai /Dholi, 0.1% Gaderi/Bhedihar, 0.1% Gurung , 0.1% Jhangad/ Dhagar, 0.1% Kami , 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Punjabi /Sikh, 0.1% Sudhi, 0.1% Yakkha and 0.1% others. In terms of religion, 81.1% were Hindu , 17.9% Muslim , 0.4% Buddhist , 0.1% Christian , 0.1% Kirati , 0.1% Sikh and 0.2% others. In terms of literacy, 66.5% could read and write, 2.4% could only read and 31.0% could neither read nor write. Birgunj

3276-565: The Birgunj bazaar from there and set it in Rautahat. According to the move to displace the market, In 1959, it raided the main market from Raxaul to Birgunj and extended the rail line service to Amalekhganj. From the link, the train used to run around the houses, exploding and terrorizing the residents. Later, the rail link was moved to the east of the market (outside the market). The Raxaul city in India, which

3367-516: The Birgunj-Pathlaiya industrial corridor, Birgunj produces a wide range of products such as pharmaceuticals, textiles, vegetable ghee, plastic, steel, cigarettes, aluminium, among others. Almost 56% of the total products of Birgunj are exported to the Indian state of Bihar . Birgunj Customs holds a major contribution in terms of revenue earnings in the nation. On 16 July 2004 Birganj Inland Dry Port came in operation to improve trade operation and address

3458-844: The Congress leadership vowed to resist non-violently in alliance with several political parties (including former rivals such as the Gorkha Parishad and the United Democratic Party ), their protests had little public reaction and the king's new government moved to modify the constitution and outlaw political parties. The Congress's leadership (including the prime minister ) were imprisoned, and civil liberties and press freedom were curtailed. The Congress government continued non-violent resistance from India , with India attempting to aid democratic factions by imposing an unofficial trade blockage on Nepal; Indian involvement ended in 1962, however, with

3549-497: The Indian railways converted the track to Raxaul inside India to broad gauge. Now, broad gauge railway line connects Raxaul to the Sirsiya (Birgunj) Inland Container Depot (ICD) that became fully operational in 2005. Talks have been held to reopen the railway route from Birgunj to Amlekhganj in Nepal by converting it to broad gauge because of its socio-economic importance. Goods are transported to and from India via Birgunj dry port, which

3640-571: The Panchayat era on 29 May 1990. The party split in the same year after another group also registered itself with the Election Commission . The two parties had the same name, ideology and statute but different flags and election symbols. The two parties, one led by Surya Bahadur Thapa zand the other led by Lokendra Bahadur Chand , contested the 1991 elections . The two parties won four seats between them with Chand's party winning three seats and Thapa's party winning one seat. Following their performance at

3731-634: The cabinet. On 21 November 2016, the party announced its unification with the Kamal Thapa led Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal . The new party retained the name of Rastriya Prajatantra Party. The new party had a total strength of 37 in the Parliament of Nepal , becoming the fourth largest party. Thapa was elected as chairman of the party in a special general convention in Kathmandu in February 2017. The party joined

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3822-416: The city such as Asharam Hospital, Gandak hospital, Advance Medicare Hospital, Kedia eye hospital, Bhawani Hospital, Mangalam Diagnostic Centre, Vision Diagnostic Private Limited, Nepal Mediciti Vayodha Hospital etc. The area extending from Chhapakaiya ward No. 3 up to Gandak is full of private nursing homes and clinics. Mostly the people of Nepal from Parsa, Bara, Rautahat, Sarlahi and other districts along with

3913-855: The city was the first campus to be established outside Kathmandu Valley as well as in the Narayani zone . This city has made rapid development in the field of education by the establishment of many schools and colleges. Notable institutions include: Birgunj has many FM Community radio stations including Narayani FM 103.8Mhz, Terai FM, Radio Birgunj, Bhojpuriya FM, Indreni FM, Radio Bindas, Birgunj Musical FM, City FM, Aawaz FM, Public FM etc. It has also different television stations: My Television, TV Birgunj and Birgunj Television (BTV). Many local newspapers like Prateek , Loktimes Daily , Kripa , Bhojpuri Time , Birgunjsanjal , Jana Aawaz etc. are published. Some popular online news site like Yatra daily, Nepal Post Daily, Aapan Birgunj, etc. are from Birgunj. TEDxBirgunj

4004-710: The city. Birgunj was built as the closest Nepalese city connecting the capital Kathmandu with India. Birgunj railway station was connected by the Nepal Government Railway (NGR) to Raxaul station in Bihar across the border with India. The 47 km (29 mi) railway extended north to Amlekhganj in Nepal. It was built in 1927 by the British but discontinued beyond Birgunj in December 1965. Trains run to major cities of India from Raxaul station (in India, adjacent to Birgunj) and Sugauli station (17 miles from Raxaul) including

4095-677: The city. The culture of this city is not limited to religious diversity but ethnic diversity is found too. People of Madheshi ethnicity occupies greater portion of population which includes castes such as Chaurasiya , Chaudhary-Tharu , Jaiswal , Gupta , Sah , Singh , Kushwaha , Yadav , Mahato , Rauniyar , Patel , and others from the Hindu community. There is also a presence of Marwari , Agrawal , Kedia , Sarawagi , Golchha , and Sharma , people who migrated from Rajasthan . The cuisine of Birgunj has influence of both Nepali and Indian culture. Dal, bhat, roti, vegetable curry, and achar (pickle) are

4186-481: The concerns in handling the large volume of goods. The India-Nepal oil pipeline construction that began on 9 March 2018, saw its completion up to 13 km (8.1 mi). The 69-kilometre (43 mi) Amlekhgunj-Raxaul oil pipeline connecting the two countries has been laid along the Pathlaiya-Simara-Jitpur, Parwanipur and Birgunj bypass roadway. According to the reports, major part of the pipeline alignment

4277-441: The elections following the dissolution of the House of Representatives on May earlier that year. Lokendra Bahadur Chand was then appointed as prime minister on 11 October 2002. He resigned on 31 May 2003 after protests from opposition parties calling for the restoration of the parliament and the formation of a national consensus government. Chand had also faced accusations from within his party of failing to address these issues. He

4368-427: The elections the two parties agreed to merge into a single Rastriya Prajatantra Party on 8 February 1992. The party held its first general convention from in 1992 from 11 to 16 June in Kathmandu and unanimously elected Surya Bahadur Thapa as its chairman. Lokendra Bahadur Chand and Rajeshwor Devkota were elected leader and co-chairman, respectively. The party emerged as a third force at the 1992 local elections and

4459-471: The establishment of Birgunj Bazar, the surrounding villages of Bagahi, Alau, Barewa, Kalaiya, Parsauni, Inaruwa, and Chhapkaiya existed. To establish Birgunj Bazar in a forest covered area, Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana appointed his trusted duo Siddhvir Mathema and Dhadjavir Mathema (two brothers), respectively in Birgunj as the rulers of Mal Ada and Kath Mal Ada. In this connection, Siddhvir Mathema distributed free land and timber and provided cash assistance to

4550-400: The further work will be started soon. Birgunj is served by Simara Airport , which lies 9 miles north of the city. Regular flights operate to Kathmandu & Pokhara, and . The second International Airport of Nepal is under construction at Nijgadh (22 miles from Birganj). There are plans to connect the new airport, Birgunj and Kathmandu via a "Fast track" expressway after its completion. This

4641-594: The general convention, Kamal Thapa left the party and revived the Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal . The party announced intentions to unify other pro-monarchist groups under their umbrella and groups including Nepal Ka Lagi Nepali Campaign, Mission Nepal , Gorach Abhiyan and the Gyanendra Shahi led Hamro Nepal Hami Nepali Campaign joined the party in the following months. Former chairman of Bibeksheel Sajha Party , Rabindra Mishra also joined

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4732-520: The government implemented some significant projects initiated under the previous regime and oversaw further steps toward Nepal's development. Land reform led to the confiscation of large estates. Reforms abolished the privileges of the aristocratic elite in western Nepal. A 1963 legal code replaced the Muluki Ain of 1854 , but a land-reform program launched the following year was essentially a failure. The panchayat system brought 50,000 to 60,000 people into

4823-459: The government prevented opposition to his rule from developing within the panchayat system. The real power was exercised by the king's secretariat. In the countryside, influence was in the offices of zone commissioners and staff or the parallel system of development officers. Founded on having a system "suitable to the soil" by King Mahendra, the panchayat polity was marked by a party-less system emphasizing decentralization, while class coordination

4914-489: The homeowners in Birgunj. The act subsequently required Siddhvir Mathema to pay the death penalty. After the death of Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana, Dev Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana became Prime Minister, but within three months Chandra Shumsher Jang Bahadur Rana had driven Dev Shamsher and made himself Prime Minister. The people of Late Bir Shamsher Rana and Dev Shamsher Rana did not tolerate Chandra Shamsher Rana. Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana's special man Siddhivir Mathema,

5005-490: The insurgents opposed the nonparty system rather than the Singh government. Violence ensued, and several people were killed in a confrontation with the army. On 16 April, the Chand government was dismissed. A royal proclamation was issued the following day which dissolved the national panchayat, the panchayat system, the evaluation committee, and the class organizations. The proclamation restored Nepal's political parties, contingent on

5096-506: The international support and democratic activities occurring throughout the world after the 1989 dissolution of the Soviet Union , the NC and the ULF began a mass movement on 18 February of that year to end the panchayat system and install a representative interim government. On 6 April, the Marich Man Singh government was dismissed and Lokendra Bahadur Chand became prime minister; however,

5187-568: The king had reclaimed sovereign power exercised by the eighteenth-century Prithvi Narayan Shah . The first elections to the Rastriya Panchayat were held in March and April 1963. Although political parties were banned and the major opposition parties refused to participate, about one-third of the legislature's members were associated with the Nepali Congress. Support for the king by the army and

5278-409: The market. The verbal verdict of the death sentence was to cut off and kill. After hearing about the verbal death sentence given to Mathema who worked day and night to establish Birgunj Bazar, Late Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana's wife has paid 3 lakh and rescued Mathema from the death penalty. Chandra Shamsher also wanted to displace Birgunj Bazar, which his brother had established. He wanted to remove

5369-455: The merger of Rana and Lohani's splinter groups, merged with the party on 12 March 2020, with Kamal Thapa , Pashupati Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana and Prakash Chandra Lohani all acting as chairs. In July 2020, Sunil Bahadur Thapa , the son of former prime minister Surya Bahadur Thapa , resigned from the party and joined Nepali Congress . The party conducted its general convention from 1 to 3 December 2021 and elected Rajendra Prasad Lingden as

5460-485: The most luxurious bus services in all over Nepal. Birgunj bus park is the centre to find buses for any route, Horse driven carts locally called Tanga have historically been the mode of transport for the Madheshi people. Today it survives as a popular transportation vehicle between Birgunj and its sister city Raxaul. The 6 km (3.7 mi) railway track from Raxaul to Birgunj was converted to broad gauge two years after

5551-493: The movement of their citizens. There is a customs checkpoint for the movement of goods between the two countries. The city has its own stadium, Narayani Stadium which is Nepal's second largest stadium after Dasarath Rangasala built on 1981. The stadium has capacity of 15,000 seats.Its the home ground of Birgunj United FC .The team plays in Nepal Super League , top tier football league. A national level Cricket Ground

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5642-451: The name Birgunj. Before the establishment of Birgunj, the main center of Parsa district was Alau (near Dryport), Nepal . In July 1959 From Sugauli King Rajendra Bikram Shah has a history of setting up a military camp in Alau of Parsa district. The ancient name of Birgunj was Gahawa but the 11th Rana Prime Minister of Nepal Bir Shamsher Jang Bahadur Rana changed it to Birgunj in 1897. Before

5733-442: The no-confidence vote and Deuba won the confidence vote. Six cabinet ministers close to Chand again resigned from the government in December 1996 but supported Deuba in the confidence vote later and rejoined the cabinet. In March 1997 a faction of the party led by Lokendra Bahadur Chand joined a coalition government with CPN (UML) , with Chand as prime minister. On 3 October 1997, the faction led by Surya Bahadur Thapa voted for

5824-615: The no-confidence vote and expelled six central committee members for threatening to back a no-confidence motion against him. The second general convention of the party took place from 12 to 16 November 1997 in Birgunj . Surya Bahadur Thapa was re-elected for a second term as chairman. Prakash Chandra Lohani , Pashupati SJB Rana and Kamal Thapa were nominated as vice-chairman, general secretary and spokesman respectively. Lokendra Bahadur Chand however created his own Rastriya Prajatantra Party on 9 January 1998 claiming that Thapa had mismanaged

5915-506: The outbreak of the Sino-Indian War . Adopted on the second anniversary of the dissolution of the government, the new constitution of 16 December 1962 created a four-tier panchayat system . At the local level, 4,000 village assemblies ( gaun sabha ) elected nine village panchayat members who selected a mayor ( sabhapati ). Each village panchayat sent a member to sit on one of 75 district ( zilla ) panchayats representing 40 to 70 villages;

6006-478: The parties' maintaining the national interest. Birgunj Birgunj ( Nepali : वीरगञ्ज ) is a metropolitan city in Parsa District in Madhes Pradesh in southern Nepal. It lies 135 km (84 mi) south of the capital Kathmandu , attached in the north to Raxaul on the border of the Indian state of Bihar . As an entry point to Nepal from Patna , Birganj is known as the "Gateway of Nepal". It

6097-594: The party for Surya Bahadur Thapa to resign as prime minister for undermining democracy by failing to form a national consensus government . He resigned on 7 May 2004 and was replaced by Nepali Congress (Democratic) leader Sher Bahadur Deuba . On 4 November 2004, Thapa announced that he would be quitting the party and forming a new centre-right liberal party. The party was formally launched on 13 March 2005 as Rastriya Janashakti Party . On 1 February 2005 , King Gyanendra dismissed Deuba as prime minister and seized executive powers. The party announced their support for

6188-523: The party list vote to become one of seven national parties in the Federal Parliament . The party won 7 proportional seats for a total of 14 seats at the House of Representatives . The party was also successful in winning seats to all seven provincial assemblies . The Rastriya Prajatantra Party was established as an alternative force to the major political parties, Nepali Congress and Communist Party of Nepal (Unified Marxist–Leninist) . The party

6279-450: The party on 28 September 2022 as senior vice-president. The party fielded 140 candidates to the House of Representatives at the 2022 general and provincial elections and forged an election pact with CPN (UML) in Jhapa , Banke and Rupandehi districts. Party chairman Rajendra Lingden retained his seat in Jhapa 3 and the party gained 6 more direct seats . The party also got 5.58% of

6370-409: The party's chairman. He defeated former deputy prime minister and incumbent party chairman Kamal Thapa at the general convention. The party also announced that it had 150,000 active party members. The general convention also elected Nepalgunj mayor Dhawal Shamsher Rana as the party's general secretary and former member of constituent assembly Bikram Pandey as the party vice-president. Following

6461-477: The party, did not listen to the directions of the central committee and accused Thapa of not holding the general election in a fair manner. He broke off with 10 members of parliament including 8 from the House of Representatives and 2 from the National Assembly . Thapa resigned as prime minister on 10 April 1998 and was replaced by Nepali Congress president Girija Prasad Koirala . The two parties contested

6552-423: The people from Raxaul and different districts of India come here for medical check ups & treatments. Ganesh Chaturthi , Holi , Teej , Krishna Janmasthami , Maha Shivaratri , Durgapuja , Chhath , Dipawali , Maghi and Ram Navami are major festivals celebrated in Birgunj. Small proportion of the religious diversity of Birgunj is occupied by Buddhists . Thus Buddha Jayanti is also celebrated throughout

6643-470: The premiership of Congress leader Sher Bahadur Deuba . A faction of the party led by former prime minister Lokendra Bahadur Chand were dissatisfied with the coalition government and in March 1996 some cabinet ministers close to Chand withdrew their support for the Deuba government and resigned before a no-confidence vote was set to table by the opposition CPN (UML) . The ministers withdrew their resignation before

6734-474: The principles of non-party democracy, introduce budget bills without royal approval, or enact bills without the king's permission. Mahendra was the supreme commander of the armed forces, appointed (and had the power to remove) members of the Supreme Court , appointed a public-service commission to oversee the civil service, and could change any judicial decision or amend the constitution at will. Within ten years,

6825-639: The pro-democracy agitation led by the Seven Party Alliance but ten members of the party's central committee, including Kamal Thapa who had rejoined the party after leaving for Janashakti, supported the coup . Thapa along with six central committee members were appointed to the King's cabinet in December 2005 with Thapa becoming Home Minister . On 10 January 2006, members of the central committee close to Kamal Thapa voted to replace Pashupati SJB Rana as party chairman with Thapa . Thapa's claim as new chairman

6916-477: The provisions again on 22 January 2022 claiming that it was against Article 260 of the Constitution of Nepal . The party supports a ceremenional monarch , a directly elected prime minister and a fully proportional parliament. The party also calls for the scrapping of the provincial governments claiming that it is an expensive experiment. The party wants to instead strengthen the local governments and create

7007-401: The royalist Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal , under the leadership of Kamal Thapa . The party held its fourth general convention from 9 to 11 December 2007 and re-elected Pashupati SJB Rana as party chairman. Following the 2006 revolution a national consensus government under the leadership of Girija Prasad Koirala was formed. The parliament was reinstated and eventually transformed into

7098-468: The situation by relying on foreign aid from the US , UK , Australia and China , angering those who desired negotiation with India rather than dependence on foreign aid. The Nepali Congress (NC) and the left-wing parties blamed the government for perpetuating the crisis and not taking any serious measures to resolve it. In December 1989, the NC observed the anniversary of BP Koirala 's imprisonment by launching

7189-575: The system and restore multiparty democracy. The campaign, later known as the People's Movement , compelled King Birendra to lift the political-party ban on 8 April of that year and end the panchayat system that had dominated Nepal for almost 30 years. King Mahendra invoked his emergency powers to dissolve the government in 1960, citing that the Congress government had fostered corruption, promoted parties above national interest, failed to maintain law and order, and "encouraged anti-national elements". Although

7280-608: The town panchayat chose one-third of the members of these assemblies. District panchayat members elected representatives to fourteen zone assemblies ( anchal sabha ), which were electoral colleges for the Rastriya Panchayat in Kathmandu . Organizations also existed at the village, district, and zone levels for peasants, youth, women, elders, laborers and ex-soldiers, who elected their representatives to assemblies. The national Rastriya Panchayat, with about 90 members, could not debate

7371-400: The unified party would take up the constitution of Rastriya Prajatantra Party Nepal . The party has stated support for a Sanatan Hindu state with full religious freedom and registered an amendment proposal for such on 19 March 2017. The Election Commission removed the portion of the party statute that advocated for a Hindu state and monarchy on 17 March 2017 and asked the party to remove

7462-463: The west and Singaha in the east are the two major rivers in Birgunj. Both rivers flow from north to south. During monsoon, these rivers are flooded and river bank cutting at the bends is common. The water level is very low in these rivers during winter. The depth of groundwater table is approximately between 9–15 m (30–49 ft) deep with 1–2 m (3 ft 3 in – 6 ft 7 in) fluctuation during wet and dry season. According to

7553-411: Was accused of conducting an inspection of a reservoir treaty and carrying out three lakh irregularities on his forehead. When Siddhivir showed the calculations he had spent on setting up Birganj Bazar, he was declared invalid and an order was issued to pay the money immediately. After answering that he could not pay for what he did, As a punishment, the signboard was stuck on his chest and he move it around

7644-569: Was dismissed by other members of the party. Thapa's faction of the party contested the 2006 local elections that was boycotted by the Seven Party Alliance and the Rana faction of the party. The party won mayoral positions in major cities including Kathmandu , Pokhara , Bharatpur and Dhangadhi in an election marred by a lack of candidates, violence and low turnout. The party members that supported Thapa, including six incumbent cabinet ministers, were expelled. On 28 October 2006, they formed their own party,

7735-524: Was elected from Jhapa 3 after forging an electoral pact with the Left Alliance against Nepali Congress in some eastern districts including Jhapa . The party got 2.06% of the party list votes and could not become a national party after failing to pass the 3% threshold in party list voting . The party also won one seat each to provincial assemblies of Province 1 , Province 3 and Province 6 . The Rastriya Prajatantra Party (Samyukta) , created through

7826-430: Was founded on the principles of democracy , constitutional monarchy , nationalism and economic liberalism . At the time of the party's foundation Surya Bahadur Thapa 's party was considered as the more liberal party and Lokendra Bahadur Chand 's party was considered as the more conservative party. At the first session of the 1st Constituent Assembly , the party voted to abolish the monarchy and turn Nepal into

7917-584: Was replaced by Surya Bahadur Thapa on 5 June 2002. At the third general convention of the party held in Pokhara from 12 to 14 December 2002, Surya Bahadur Thapa completed his second four-year term as party chairman and could not compete for the post of chairman again as per the party constitution. Pashupati SJB Rana was elected chairman during the convention and Padma Sundar Lawati , Kamal Thapa and Rosan Karki were nominated vice-president, general secretary and spokesperson respectively. There were calls within

8008-467: Was successfully held on 17 December, that was the first ever TED event conducted in Terai region of Nepal. Narayani Hospital is one of the oldest government hospital of Nepal. It is the central hospital of government of Nepal. National Medical College under TU and Kedia Dental College also under TU are two major institutions providing health facilities. There are many other big and small hospitals, and international standard diagnostic centres throughout

8099-526: Was suspended in 1979. The authoritarian regime and its curbs on the freedom of the political parties were resented. The palace was considered unrepresentative of the masses, especially when the Marich Man Singh government faced political scandal for misappropriating funds allocated for the victims of the August 1988 earthquake or when it reshuffled the cabinet instead of investigating the deaths of people in

8190-412: Was the first sugar mill established in the public sector. Later on, this mill was liquidated due to heavy losses. Birgunj is a major business centre of Nepal, especially for trade with India. Almost all trade with India occurs through this route. The Indian border town of Raxaul has become one of the busiest towns for heavy transportation due to high trade volume. With a large number of industries set on

8281-547: Was to be implemented "only through the active and dynamic leadership of the crown". Mahendra dismissed the first democratically-elected BP Koirala government, and the panchayat has had a lasting impact on Nepal's history. It equated nationalism with the Nepali language, Daura-Suruwal and Hinduism, aggressively campaigning to mold a Nepali identity along these lines. However, the panchayat's institutions and policies were riddled with contradictions. Under Mahendra's direct leadership,

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