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35-521: After graduating from the École Polytechnique in 1900, he began a career with the railway company, Chemin de Fer du Nord . In 1914, during World War I , he set up a railway routing system which enabled reinforcements to be transferred to the front for the Battle of the Marne . It was under his direction that a new track was laid in a hundred days from Beauvais to the front. He held a number of important posts in

70-525: A large number of companies, the majority of which are rail or transport related. These include: General freight transport : Passenger transport Tickets Consulting Housing According to a TNS SOFRES survey published in 2010, 66% of French people have a good image of SNCF. At the end of 2019, this proportion was measured at 50% by the Posternak-Ifop barometer on the image of companies. In 2020, Eight Advisory and IFOP unveil their ranking of

105-627: A series of photographs of the various landmarks on the railway line between Boulogne-sur-Mer and Paris. The photographs were used to create an album for Queen Victoria and Prince Albert , as a souvenir of their visit to France that year. The album can be seen in the photographic collection in the Royal Archives at Windsor Castle . SNCF The Société nationale des chemins de fer français ( French pronunciation: [sɔsjete nɑsjɔnal de ʃ(ə)mɛ̃ d(ə) fɛʁ fʁɑ̃sɛ] ; abbreviated as SNCF [ɛsɛnseɛf] ; lit. "National Company of

140-622: A sung version, was created in 2005 by Michaël Boumendil . David Gilmour , guitarist of the group Pink Floyd , used the jingle as the inspiration for the title track of his 2015 album Rattle That Lock . Simone Hérault has been the voice of SNCF since 1981. Since the Auguste and Louis Lumière 's first film, SNCF has been the company that hosts the most film shoots in France , between 50 and 60 shoots per year, which represents around two thirds of French productions. A selection of iconic films where SNCF

175-447: Is 2C. Continental Airlines discontinued its codeshare with SNCF on 15 August 2010. Until 1999, the SNCF's historic headquarters was located at 88 Rue Saint-Lazare in the 9th arrondissement . In 1996 the chairman of SNCF, Louis Gallois, announced that SNCF would move its headquarters to a new location during the middle of 1997. From 1999 to 2013, SNCF's headquarters were located in

210-740: Is the "broken nose" style of electric and diesel locomotives. SNCF codeshares with Air Austral , Air France , Air Tahiti Nui , American Airlines , Cathay Pacific , Middle East Airlines , Etihad Airways , Qatar Airways , and SriLankan Airlines . In exchange, SNCF allows passengers on these flights to book railway services between Charles de Gaulle Airport in Roissy (near Paris ) and Aix-en-Provence , Angers , Avignon , Bordeaux , Le Mans , Lille , Lyon Part-Dieu , Marseille , Montpellier , Nantes , Nîmes , Poitiers , Rennes , Strasbourg , Tours , and Valence with their airline. The IATA designator used by airlines in connection with these journeys

245-605: The Belgian railway network in 1842. The new line made it possible to travel by train from Paris to Brussels and further. The network was rapidly expanded in the following years: The potential for expansion of the CF du Nord territory was limited by other companies: the Chemins de fer de l'Ouest to its south-west, and the Chemins de fer de l'Est to its east. By opening a line from Paris to Hirson via Soissons and Laon from 1860 to 1871,

280-695: The Commissariat à l'énergie atomique (French Atomic Energy Commission). It was in this capacity that he selected Saclay as the site for an atomic plant. In 1946, he was elected to the French Academy of Political and Moral Sciences. He was elected Mayor of Lourmarin and named a Grand Officier of the Legion d’Honneur . Chemin de Fer du Nord The Chemins de fer du Nord ( French : Compagnie des chemins de fer du Nord or CF du Nord ), (English: Northern Railway Company ) often referred to simply as

315-823: The InterCity West Coast franchise. In April 2017 SNCF took a 30% shareholding in a joint venture with Stagecoach Group and Virgin Group to bid for the West Coast Partnership that will operate services on the West Coast Main Line from May 2020 and the High Speed 2 line from 2026. In April 2019 Stagecoach were banned from bidding for any franchises including the West Coast Partnership which has meant that Virgin and SNCF have now had to withdraw from

350-671: The Montparnasse neighborhood of the 14th arrondissement of Paris , located near the Gare Montparnasse . Since July 2013, the SNCF headquarters are located in the Parisian suburb of Saint-Denis at 2, place aux Étoiles, 93200 Saint Denis . The move was motivated by cutting operating costs by 10 million euros per year. Since 1 January 2020 SNCF is a state-owned group consisting of a parent company (SNCF) with several independently operated subsidiaries: SNCF has full or partial shares in

385-503: The TGV ( Train à Grande Vitesse , meaning "high-speed train"). In the 1970s, the SNCF began the TGV high-speed train program with the intention of creating the world's fastest railway network. It came to fruition in 1981 with the completion of the first high-speed line LGV Sud-Est ("Ligne à Grande Vitesse Sud-Est", meaning "southeast high-speed line"), where the first TGV service, from Paris to Lyon ,

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420-438: The liberation of France SNCF continued to seek payment for transporting Holocaust victims to Germany. However, historian Michael Marrus has written that claims that SNCF billed for third-class tickets and continued to seek payment after the war ended were made as part of a legal case brought against SNCF, and did not match with historians' understanding of what happened. Marrus argues that SNCF had no margin of maneuver during

455-666: The "most admired French companies": SNCF is in 23rd position. Safety on trains is also often a priority. To do this, around 2,800 railway workers form the Railway Security, the general supervision of SNCF, of which 50% of the workforce is assigned to the Île-de-France region. Furthermore, the experts of the BCG, Boston Consulting Group , use to compare the rail systems in 25 European countries. They rank France in tied 4th position (with Germany , Austria and Sweden ), behind Switzerland , Denmark and Finland . The criteria are :

490-677: The British Southern Railway , the CF du Nord began running a regular luxury passenger train, Golden Arrow / Fleche d'Or , from London to Paris. Four containers were used to transport of passengers' baggage. These containers were loaded in London or Paris and carried to the ports of Dover or Calais, on flat cars in the UK, and "CIWL Pullman Golden Arrow Fourgon of CIWL" in France. In 1855, Baron Rothschild commissioned photographer Edouard Baldus to take

525-623: The CF du Nord a concession to build a railway from Paris to Valenciennes and Lille, with branch lines to Dunkirk and Calais , and lines from Creil to Saint-Quentin and Fampoux to Hazebrouck . From the Gare du Nord , the station the company built in Paris, the Paris–Lille railway led north towards Belgium, connecting to Amiens , Douai and Lille in 1846, with a branch line from Douai to Valenciennes . Lille and Valenciennes had already been connected to

560-545: The CF du Nord protected its eastern border against CF de l'Est expansion. The concession for the line from Creil to Beauvais, owned by CF de l'Est predecessor Chemins de fer des Ardennes , was exchanged for the Nord's concession for Laon–Reims in 1855. In 1937, the CF du Nord was nationalised, as were the other main railway companies, to become part of the Société nationale des chemins de fer français (SNCF). In 1926, in conjunction with

595-755: The French Railways") is France 's national state-owned railway company. Founded in 1938, it operates the country's national rail traffic along with that of Monaco , including the TGV , on France's high-speed rail network. Its functions include operation of railway services for passengers and freight (through its subsidiaries SNCF Voyageurs and Rail Logistics Europe ), as well as maintenance and signalling of rail infrastructure ( SNCF Réseau ). The railway network consists of about 35,000 km (22,000 mi) of route, of which 2,600 km (1,600 mi) are high-speed lines and 14,500 km (9,000 mi) electrified. About 14,000 trains are operated daily. In 2010

630-529: The German occupation and that the actions of SNCF employees were not ideologically motivated. According to Serge Klarsfeld , president of the organization Sons and Daughters of Jewish Deportees from France , SNCF was forced by German and Vichy authorities to cooperate in providing transport for French Jews to the border and did not make any profit from this transport. In December 2014, SNCF agreed to pay up to $ 60 million worth of compensation to Holocaust survivors in

665-636: The German occupying forces. This allowed SNCF employees to perform many acts of resistance , including the formation of the Résistance-Fer movement in 1943. Nearly 1,700 SNCF railway workers were killed or deported for resisting Nazi orders. 150 Résistance-Fer agents were shot for their acts of resistance, 500 of them were deported. Half of those deported died in concentration camps. German occupying forces in France also requisitioned SNCF to transport nearly 77,000 Jews and other Holocaust victims to Nazi extermination camps . These deportations have been

700-522: The Nord company, was a rail transport company founded in September 1845 in Paris . It was owned by, among others, de Rothschild Frères of France, N M Rothschild & Sons of London, Charles Laffitte and Edward Blount , and Baron Jean–Henri Hottinguer . Baron James de Rothschild served as the company's president from its inception until his death in 1868. A royal ordnance, dated 10 September 1845, granted

735-715: The SNCF was ranked 22nd in France and 214th globally on the Fortune Global 500 list. It is the main business of the SNCF Group, which in 2020 had €30 billion of sales in 120 countries. The SNCF Group employs more than 275,000 employees in France and around the world. Since July 2013, the SNCF Group headquarters are located in a Parisian suburb at 2 Place aux Étoiles in Saint-Denis . The president of SNCF Group has been Jean-Pierre Farandou  [ fr ] since 2019. SNCF operates almost all of France's railway traffic, including

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770-509: The United States. It corresponds to approximately $ 100,000 per survivor. In the early 2000s, SNCF sought to get a contract from the state of California for a bullet train project between Los Angeles and San Francisco. SNCF recommended that the train take the most direct route between the two locations to reduce the complexity and cost of the project, but the SNCF's recommendations were cast aside by California politicians who wanted to divert

805-500: The company had discovered that 2,000 new trains they ordered at a cost of 15 billion euros are too wide for many of France's regional platforms. Construction work has started to reconfigure them. On 1 January 2015, Réseau ferré de France (RFF) merged with SNCF Infra and the Direction de la circulation ferroviaire (DCF) and became SNCF Réseau , the operational assets of SNCF became SNCF Mobilités , and both groups were placed under

840-484: The control of SNCF. Jean-Pierre Farandou, the head of the state-owned railway operator, SNCF informed on 26 July 2024 that its high-speed rail network Eurostar suffered from multiple instances of coordinated sabotage , causing significant disruptions to train services. The incident occurred just hours before the opening ceremony of the Olympics , which was considered a high-risk event. The affected lines were located in

875-666: The most recent on 3 April 2007, when a new version of the TGV dubbed the V150 with larger wheels than the usual TGV, was able to cover more ground with each rotation and had a stronger 18,600-kilowatt (24,900-horsepower) engine, and broke the world speed record for conventional railway trains, reaching 574.8 km/h (357.2 mph). The SNCF has a remarkable safety record. After nearly 30 years in operation, SNCF's TGV system has only experienced one fatal accident , which occurred during pre-opening testing and not in regular operation. In 2011 SNCF in partnership with Keolis , unsuccessfully bid for

910-487: The railways. He was director general of the Chemins de fer de l'État (State Railways) from 1928 to 1937 and when the French National Railways ( SNCF ) were set up in 1938, he became a member of its governing body. Dautry was Armaments Minister from 20 September 1939 to 16 June 1940 in the governments of Daladier and Reynaud . He obtained the permission of Daladier to send a mission to Norway to look for

945-710: The shortlist. Since the 1990s, SNCF has been selling railway carriages to regional governments, with the creation of the Train Express Régional brand. SNCF also maintains a broad scope of international business that includes work on freight lines, inter-city lines and commuter lines. SNCF experts provide logistics, design, construction, operations and maintenance services. SNCF operates the international ticketing agency SNCF Connect , formerly oui.sncf/Voyages-sncf.com and Rail Europe , previously Loco 2 . SNCF has employees in 120 countries offering extensive overseas and cross border consulting. Those projects include SNCF

980-545: The stocks of heavy water which the Germans were anxious to obtain. During the German occupation of France, he withdrew from political life and retired to his home in Lourmarin in the department of Vaucluse . After the liberation, he was appointed Minister of Reconstruction and Urban Development by General Charles de Gaulle , a post which he held from 16 November 1944 to 20 January 1946. Thereafter he became general director of

1015-664: The subject of historical controversy and lawsuits (such as the Lipietz case ) in France as well as in the United States (where subsidiary Keolis is a transportation contractor) to the present day . In 1992 SNCF commissioned French academics to write a history of SNCF activities during World War II. The resultant report was published in 1996. More recently, some sources have claimed that SNCF billed Nazi-occupied France for third-class tickets for Holocaust victims transported to extermination camps, although passengers were transported in cattle cars . Other sources have reported that after

1050-499: The train through various communities, raising the cost and complexity of the project, as well as the expected travel time. SNCF pulled out of the project in 2011 and went to Morocco to help the country construct a bullet train service. By 2018, Morocco's bullet train started service while the California bullet train project was not close to being operational in 2022, with some saying that the project would never be completed. In May 2014,

1085-469: The transport of German armed forces and armaments. The invading German troops were responsible for the destruction of nearly 350 French railway bridges and tunnels. According to differing estimates, SNCF surrendered between 125,000 and 213,000 wagons and 1,000–2,000 locomotives. France's railway infrastructure and rolling stocks were a target for the French Resistance aimed at disrupting and fighting

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1120-509: The utilization rate, quality of service and safety. SNCF's current visual logo was created in 2005 by the Carré Noir agency, a subsidiary of the Publicis communication group . It was slightly reworked in 2011: rounded corners, disappearance of shadows inside the letters as well as behind, and a clearer separation between them. The SNCF sound logo – the four notes C – G – A flat – E flat –, in

1155-497: The western, northern, and eastern regions of France , impacting not only domestic trains but also those travelling to neighboring Belgium and London via the Channel Tunnel . It was expected that roughly 800,000 travellers were impacted because of this arson attack on french railway networks. The industrial designer Paul Arzens styled many of SNCF's locomotives from the 1940s until the 1970s. A particularly distinctive type

1190-456: Was formed in 1938 with the nationalisation of France's main railway companies ( Chemin de fer , literally, 'way of iron', means railway). These were the: The French state originally took 51% ownership of SNCF and invested large amounts of public subsidies into the system. Today, SNCF is wholly owned by the French state. Following the 1940 Armistice and until August 1944, SNCF was requisitioned for

1225-442: Was inaugurated. In 2017, the national rail network owned by SNCF Réseau had 28,710 km (17,839 mi) of lines, 58% of which were electrified and 2,640 high-speed lines. Every day, the SNCF runs 15,000 commercial trains and transports more than 5 million passengers and more than 250,000 tonnes of goods. TGV lines and TGV technology are now spread across several European countries. The SNCF's TGV has set many world speed records,

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